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Brasil has ratified Convention nº 102, and while its social protection has been generally expanding over the last decades, there is still a long way to go until it can have a social protection floor. As one example of a challenge, Brazil's universal health system still does not cover all of the Brazillian population with a primary healthcare clinic, and some municipalities (particularly the ones in more isolated places in the North of the country) face difficulties in retaining medical personnel.

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Unfortunately my country has not joined up with the ILO Conventions

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Unfortunately my country has not joined up with the ILO Conventions

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Akonwi Bikuh - Cameroon - ILO Convention No. 102

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Akonwi Bikuh - Cameroon - ILO Convention No. 102

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Cameroon is yet to ratify this convention.

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Iran - Convention 102 and Recommendation 202

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Iran - Convention 102 and Recommendation 202

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Ratification of Convention 102 by Iran is in process. Relevant and expert meetings have been done and finished. We are waiting to higher authorities to adopt these ratification viewpoints.
Regarding Recommendation 202, studies phases are completing. moreover, in practical scope, some guidance of this instrument are applied by related sections.

Younes - Iran

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Philippines has not ratified ILO Convention No. 102. However, the government has enacted several legislations and programs that implements Recommendation No. 202. Case in point, the Universal Health Care Act  was signed into law on 2019. This is a massive health reform in the health sector that provides for the expansion of population, service, and financial coverage. Another landmark law was the passage of the Social Security Act of 2018 which enhances state-provided benefits and the long-term sustainability of the country's social security system as well as provide for an unemployment benefit.

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India has not ratified the ILO 102. However, it has shown great commitment to apply recommendation 202 through establishing framework for children's education, nutritional status and health through Right to education act (2009), Right to Food Act etc. It has also stressed on employment and Livelihood Security through MGNREGA scheme and has also implementing social pensions (for older people, widows etc).

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My country hasn't ratified the ILO conventions yet. There are numerous factors affecting this cause from coming to fruition. There a capacity gap in the ministry charged with establishing social protection programs to foster sustainable development. 

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My country hasn't ratified the ILO conventions yet. There are numerous factors affecting this cause from coming to fruition. There a capacity gap in the ministry charged with establishing social protection programs to foster sustainable development. 

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El Salvador has not ratified convention 102.

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Eucharia from Nigeria - Farm Radio International  

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Eucharia from Nigeria - Farm Radio International  

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My Country Nigeria has not ratified convention No.102.

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Uganda has ratified ILO convention 102, and this is often reflected in some of the policies and the general trajectory that the country is taking when it comes for instance to social insurance, pension, provision of social services among others. The ministry that is at the forefront of social protection is that of Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development, but it also works in conjunction with the ministries of health, education, IT among others.

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Uganda has not ratified ILO convention 102

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Uganda has not ratified ILO convention 102

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Irene Bandaru- Uganda

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Unfortunately, Fiji has not ratified the ILO Convention 102.

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Cameroon has not ratified convention No.102

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Cameroon has not ratified convention No.102

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Etali Genesis Akwaji, SUSTAIN Cameroon

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Kenya has not ratified Convention No. 102. However, the Government of Kenya has extensively borrowed from the Convention No. 102 and from Recommendation No. 202 in its effort to progressively assure adequate, comprehensive and sustainable universal social protection for all.

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Unfortunately, Yemen has not ratified ILO Convention No. 102, and the ongoing armed conflict is hampering the implementation of the promising activities intended to improve the social protection in the country before the emergence of the armed conflict.

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Unfortunately, Yemen has not ratified ILO Convention No. 102, and the ongoing armed conflict is hampering the implementation of the promising activities intended to improve the social protection in the country before the emergence of the armed conflict.

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Gosego Ivy Mmeanyana, Botswana, Thuto Boswa Rehabilitation Centre
Response: Botswana has not yet ratified Convention 102

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Syria didn't ratify the ILO Convention No. 102. However, for a long time, all the services were public and provided for free or low prices and main items were subsidized (bread, fuel, oil..etc.) with a contributory pension for government worker (the public sector was the largest in the country). Now following years of economic devastation due to conflict, sanctions, and inflation, and the move toward more neoliberal economic approach the government has started working on social protection system. It is still limited with several programmes for particular categories and not yet blanket.

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Romania ratified the ILO Convention No. 102 but I cannot say that I recognized working towards implementing the recommendation no.202. It might be that efforts are done but I cannot identify them.

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Kenya has not reified the  Convention No.102 of 1952.

The 2012 National Social Protection Policy (NSPP) articulates the direction of social protection in Kenya with the objective of ensuring that: ‘All Kenyans live in dignity and exploit their human capabilities to further their own social and economic development”. The social protection system in Kenya follows a life-cycle approach, offering income support to citizens during childhood, working age and old age. Kenya has a mixture of social assistance schemes, financed from general government revenues (including donor support) and contributory schemes.

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Turkey ratified Convention (No.102) in 1975. and has accepted parts II, III, V, VI and VIII to X. Also, Social Protection Floors Recommendation (No.202) was ratified by Turkey in 2002. However, there are gaps in its application. For example, Social protection does not cover all informal workers, when it should cover all as suggested by the 15th Article of the Recommendation (No.202).

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Iraq has not reified the  Convention No.102 of 1952. Yet Iraq, provided basic education, health care, pension for the government employee and other social services to the Iraqi citizen.

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Zimbabwe has not ratified ILO Convention No. 102. However, the country faces huge social protection needs against high and increasing levels of poverty, high levels of informal employment and economic activities, very limited fiscal space and low coverage. Poverty has been on the rise recently, with extreme poverty increasing to almost 50% of the population on the back of two consecutive years of recession – 2018 and 2019, high inflation, and devastating impacts of drought, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Nine out of every ten extremely poor households reside in rural areas—though urban poverty is also on the rise. A high proportion of the 7 million economically active persons in the country receive incomes below the individual total consumption poverty line; and about three-quarters are either self-employed (66%) or unemployed (11%), which limits their access to formal social protection. There is some work towards implementing ILO recommendation 202, particularly on expanding coverage though designing a contributory scheme for the informal economy, although still at not at an advanced stage. More could be done to strengthen social security contingencies.

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India has so far not ratified ILO Convention 102 but has well- established social protection schemes, both at the Central and State levels. India is working towards implementing ILO Recommendation 202 and is committed to advancing the agenda of providing Social Protection Floor. There have been specific advances in India articulating the entitlement based approach to social protection in six areas of (i) Children’s education, nutritional status and health (ii) Employment and Livelihood Security (iii) Social Pensions (iv) Social health protection (v) Food security (vi) Housing

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In Uganda, both the public sector and the National Social Security Fund that covers the workers under the private sector, have provisions that cover employees in circumstances such as death, accident, old age among others. Workers who befall any of these calamities or more, are dully compensated as per law established and the survivors or dependents compensated incase of death.

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Greece has ratified ILO Convention No 102 related to the Minimum Standards of Social Security in 1955. Even though after the years of financial crisis in the country, Greece seems to work with little steps towards the recommendation No 202 of ILo and this mainly encouraged by the European cooperation. More people, even the most poor, should be able in a couple of years to have a social security at the right level. Right now, the benefits in kind are very little and not enough to live in dignity sometimes.

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Brazil ratified Convention 102 and has granted since the 1988 Constitution the social right to health, education, social assistance, and social security to all citizens. Also, Brazil is one of the few countries that have accepted all 9 branches contingencies described by that convential and adopted in our system.

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México: ILO Convention No.102 & Recommendation No.202Alejandro Contreras Cerdán – México

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México: ILO Convention No.102 & Recommendation No.202Alejandro Contreras Cerdán – México

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Mexico ratified ILO Convention No.102 in 1961, which was integrated in the national social Protection framework.

Mexico has updated the national social Protection framework aligning to ILO Recommendation No.202, fully contained in the General Law of Social Development and within the Prospera Program, which provide :

• education, educational scholarships for children under eighteen years of age for basic and high school studies;

• food, monthly economic benefits are granted for nutrition and healthy eating for boys and girls under five years of age, community kitchens

• health, offers comprehensive health protection through two programs: a) the XXI Century medical insurance (IMSS) and b) basic health care through the Popular Health Insurance.

• older adults, monthly monetary support for people over 70 years of age

• informal workers, training and labor inclusion in the formal market.

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Italy ratified ILO C102 on Social Security (Minimum Standards) in 1956, while also accepting parts V, VII and VIII.

Little information is provided with regards to ILO Recommendation No. 202, which was adopted in 2012.

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Bekederemo Angela, KARIS; Lagos, Nigeria.

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Bekederemo Angela, KARIS; Lagos, Nigeria.

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The ILO Convention No. 102 (Social Security, Minimum Standards) was implemented in 1952. Nigeria has been a member of ILO since 17th October 1960 and as at date, Nigeria is yet to ratify this Convention 102.

Nigeria has been on a progressive journey on the implementation of the ILO recommendation 202. Employment is a major factor for the growth of a nation, Nigeria government had come up with a revised Nigerian Youth Employment Action Plan (NIYEAP) for the period 2020 to 2024 a view to enable young Nigerians to respond more effectively to the challenge of youth employment confronting the country.

The National Social Safety-Net Coordinating Office (NASSCO) established in 2016 by the Government of Nigeria in partnership with the World Bank helps to strengthen social safety nets and social protection system in Nigeria as a core strategy to help end extreme poverty and to promote shared prosperity.

The NASSCO provides a strong foundation of rigorous and reliable evidence of poor and vulnerable households in Nigeria, by building a National Social Register (NSR), as well as coordinate, refine and integrate the social safety-net programs into social protection systems, while ensuring policy coherence.

Social safety-nets are part of broader social protection systems comprising non-contributory transfers in cash or in kind, designed to provide support for the poor and vulnerable, they help alleviate poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition; they contribute by reducing inequality and boosting shared prosperity; they support households in coping with shocks; they help build human capital and connect people to job opportunities; and they are an important factor in shaping social contract between the government and citizens.

In Nigeria the flagship programs that are targeted to help the poor and vulnerable include: the National Cash Transfer Office (NCTO), implementing cash transfers to targeted vulnerable households; Youth Empowerment and Social Support Operations (YESSO), supporting vulnerable youths with life skills trainings, grants and reorientation; and the Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) providing grants to boost the development agenda of vulnerable communities. These programs were encapsulated in the Government of Nigeria National Social Safety Nets Project (NASSP).

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Nigeria is yet to ratify Convention No. 102 as the ILO dashboard shows.

On Recommendation No. 202: the 2019 national social investment programmes of Nigeria through the auspices of the National Social Investment Office (NSIO) and the National Social Safety Net Coordinating Office (NASSCO) proffer implementation buffers to poverty and vulnerabilities; albeit fragmented. Also, the newly presented draft National Development Plan (NDP) 2021-2025 (Vol. 1) particularly the part (V) which covers social development shows strides towards implementing the R.202 guidance. It comes with a view of addressing gaps and challenges of the past, and advancing comprehensive database with central coordination, policy framework, interventions, elevating partnerships and multi-level commitments. This NDP is a successor of the recently concluded Medium-term Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) of 2017-2020.

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Unfortunately, Yemen has not ratified ILO Convention No. 102, and the ongoing armed conflict is hampering the implementation of the promising activities intended to improve the social protection in the country before the emergence of the armed conflict.

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Switzerland has ratified convention 102 in 1977 and has progressively put in a place a social protection system in accordance with recommendation 202.

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Brazil ratified convention No. 102 and it follows recommendation No. 202. Social security legislation in Brazil has been through some changes in the past few years, but it exceed international standards establish by the ILO in that field. The biggest challange, however, is adapting social protection to the life expectancy of the population in the country.

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France has ratified the convention C102 on Social Security (Minimum Standards) in June, 1974 and has accepted Parts II and IV to IX.

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Leonard Satali from Capacity Building Organization (CABUNGO) Malawi

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Leonard Satali from Capacity Building Organization (CABUNGO) Malawi

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•According to ILO (https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11200:0::NO:11200:P11200_COUNTRY_ID:103101)

Malawi has not ratified ILO Convention No. 102.
• Social Protection Program Building National Floors of Social Protection in Southern Africa - An ILO/Irish Aid project(https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/ShowProject.action?id=2950

and

•Social Cash Transfer Programs (Social Cash Transfer Program of Malawi: The Role of Evaluation from the Pilot to the Expansion - Oxford Scholarship (universitypressscholarship.com)

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Although Uganda has been a member of ILO since 1963, it has not ratified ILO Convention No.102. However, the country is working towards implementing ILO Recommendation No.202 through the National Social Security Policy 2015.

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Philippines aims to empower and protect its poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged people, within the inclusive development goals and poverty reduction strategy of the country. The government, particularly the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) requested the ILO for technical assistance to conduct an assessment based national dialogue (ABND) exercise. The ABND is expected to provide inputs to the implementation of the Social Protection Operational Framework and Strategy (SPOFS) and the design of a 5-year National Social Protection Plan in the Philippines.

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Philippines aims to empower and protect its poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged people, within the inclusive development goals and poverty reduction strategy of the country. The government, particularly the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) requested the ILO for technical assistance to conduct an assessment based national dialogue (ABND) exercise. The ABND is expected to provide inputs to the implementation of the Social Protection Operational Framework and Strategy (SPOFS) and the design of a 5-year National Social Protection Plan in the Philippines.

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The U.S. has not ratified convention no. 102, and I am not sure it has plans or intentions to do so. 

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The U.S. has not ratified convention no. 102, and I am not sure it has plans or intentions to do so. 

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Lebanon has not ratified ILO convention 102. And following studies done in Lebanon in 2021, Coverage of social protection benefits was very limited for key vulnerable populations expected to be attended by minimum guarantees reflected in the ILO Recommendation on Floors or Social Protection (No. 202).

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Italy has ratified ILO Convention no. 102 by Law no. 741 in May 1956 and has started to implement the provisions of Recommendation no. 202.
Italy cooperates with ILO to expand social protection coverage within a wide range of lifecycle risks. This cooperation has been conducted through the creation of governmental offices mandated to social protection policies and programs, dialogue with social parties and private entities, capacity building activities.

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Ghana joined ILO as a Member State since 20.05.1957 and has ratified a number of its Conventions but has not ratified the ILO Convention 102. However, Ghana is in a way implementing the recommendation No. 202 through its Social Protection Strategies and some of its policies and programmes.

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As of 2022, China has not ratified Convention 102 or Recommendation 202 yet.

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Malaysia has been an ILO Member State since 1957 and has ratified 18 ILO Conventions, of which 14 are in force. However, it has not ratified ILO Convention 102 and Recommendation 202.

As Malaysia is a high middle-income country, the ILO’s technical engagement focuses on building the capacity of national workers’ and employers’ organizations and the Government, facilitating dialogue, providing technical advice as well as promoting the ratification and application of international labor standards.

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Brazil has ratified Convention 102. However, I did not find information on implementation of Recommendation 202.

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Kenya has commenced implementing ILO Recommendation No.202 on Social Protection Floors Recommendation but has not ratified ILO Convention No.102

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India has so far not ratified Conventions 87, 98, 138 and 182 which are the Core ILO Conventions.

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The implementation through ILO initiatives, called Indonesia - government and social partners have greater capacity in designing and implementing social protection policies and programmes (country programme 2016-17). Results achieved: Tripartite representatives endorsed the conclusions of an actuarial review on the pension scheme in April 2017 and agreed on the way forward for implementing some of the recommendations.

ILO ratifications that have been completed by the Indonesian government were 18 conventions, with 8 core ILO conventions which are the basic rights of workers (per 2017)

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I'm writing on my home country, Nigeria. The graph included in the module and data from ILO website show that Nigeria has not ratified Convention 102. However, in 2017, Nigeria adopted a national social protection policy in place which committed to establishing a social protection floor. That policy was revised and a draft social protection policy 2021-2025 is in the process of being approved and captures some of the goals of Recommendation 202. Nigeria's medium term plans also addresses issues related to poverty and social protection though not comprehensively.

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Up-to-date 102 Conventions and Protocols are not ratified by Cameroon.

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Malaysia is yet to ratify 61 ILO conventions and C102 is amongst them. 61! Not cool. We are however on course in working towards Recommendation 202, albeit at a snail's pace.

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Canada has yet to ratify Convention 102.

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Argentina approved convention 102 in May 2011 by law 26678, but it only ratified C102 in 2016.
Concerning ILO R202, Argentina has since the very start provided free access to health services to all people, and over the past years increased income protection for all (children, working age and elderly) with programs targeting also those in the informal economy and unemployed.

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Jackline Omondi, CIHEB-KENYA.I am from Kenya and ratification of ILO has not been done but the good news is according to Kenya Social Protection review 2017 is that she is on the right track,we have seen a scheme cushioning older persons (inua jamii)and the government's national health insurance fund catering for those in the informal sector with monthly contribution of KES 500,this is huge because the health fund was only covering the employed in the formal sector.we have seen the government making plans to have the orphans and disabled to benefit from the health insurance fund and it would be fully funded by the government.

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Jackline Omondi, CIHEB-KENYA.I am from Kenya and ratification of ILO has not been done but the good news is according to Kenya Social Protection review 2017 is that she is on the right track,we have seen a scheme cushioning older persons (inua jamii)and the government's national health insurance fund catering for those in the informal sector with monthly contribution of KES 500,this is huge because the health fund was only covering the employed in the formal sector.we have seen the government making plans to have the orphans and disabled to benefit from the health insurance fund and it would be fully funded by the government.

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Adriana Silva/ Brazil, in both cases the answer is yes. The universal health care system for free SUS that works in Brazil provides not only acess to health care as health education in the communities.

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Adriana Silva/ Brazil, in both cases the answer is yes. The universal health care system for free SUS that works in Brazil provides not only acess to health care as health education in the communities.

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India has not ratified convention no. 102. So far, while there are a myriad of programmes and interventions oriented towards components of social protection such as food security, public works programmes, free quality education, healthcare etc, there is no national social protection policy or framework to embed these interventions.

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I am Kenyan. The Government of Kenya’s commitment to social protection is embedded within the legislative framework of Kenya. The National Constitution recognises social security as an entitlement that all citizens should be able to access. Vision 2030 aims to provide ‘a high quality of life for all citizens by year 2030’, while Kenya has also formalised the Social Protection Floors Recommendation – ILO recommendation No. 202 – providing a globally recognised standard for social protection in Kenya. To further strengthen the sector, a Social Protection Coordination Bill is currently under development.Since 2011, the social protection sector has undergone significant improvements, with the gradual expansion of regular, predictable transfers under the Inua Jamii Programme ("Lift up the Family Programme"). In 2018, the Government implemented a universal social pension for all older person aged 70 years and above, representing Kenya’s first entitlement programme.

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Dhurata, UNDP. Albania has ratified Convention No.102  in 2006

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Dhurata, UNDP. Albania has ratified Convention No.102  in 2006

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Argentina and social security recomendations

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Argentina and social security recomendations

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My name is Valeria Rodriguez from Argentina and represent to the Ministry of economy from my country.

Argentina ratifaied ILO 102 with the sanction to the law 26678 relative to the social security standars from ILO.
these law was saction april 13 2011.

The agreement covers nine aspects of social security: medical care, sickness, unemployment, old-age benefits, work accidents and occupational diseases, family benefits, maternity, invalidity and survivor benefits.

However, the 202 recomendation about social security floors is part of the social policies from Argentina.

Also, conventions and Recommendations complement that policies.

In particular, it assists member states in protecting the unprotected, the poor and the most vulnerable, including workers in the informal economy and their families. In this way, it seeks to guarantee that all members of society enjoy at least a basic level of social security during their life cycle.