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-ANS lecture notes parts 1 & 2
-Google images

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1. Sympathetic Nervous System:
-Cholinergic
-"Rest and Digest"
-This system helps restore the body's energy, bring it to balance and only stimulates one body system at a time

2. Parasympathetic Nervous System:
-Adrenergic
-"Fight, Flight, Fright"
-This system highends things such adreline, heart rate and pupil dilation. It your body's "crisis mode" function.

Source: ANS part 1 lecture notes

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Sympathetic NTs:
-ACH
-Norepinephrine (NE)
-Dopamine
Parasympathetic NTs:
-ACH
-Epinephrine (EPI)
-Dopamine

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-Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist: decongestant effect
-Adrenergic agonist: stimulates the heart and increases airflow
-Adrenergic blocking: decreases blood pressure and increases urine flow
-Beta adrenergic agonist: increases heart rate, force of contraction and blood pressure
-Nicotinic 1 & 2: synapse area and muscle contraction
-Muscarinic: decreases heart rate and air flow, increases digestion, GI/urinary activity and pupillary constriction

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1.ACH: released at the ganglia from presynpatic nerve ending
-In both systems
2.Norepinephrine (NE): released at the
postganglionic nerve endings
3.Epinephrine (EPI): acts on adrenergic receptors
-Adrenal Medulla
4.Dopamine (DA): released from the hypothalamus

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SYMPATHETIC:
-Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists

ephedrine

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrineâ)

-Adrenergic Agonists

epinephrine (Adrenalinâ)

-Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker

prazosin (Minipressâ)

terazosin (Hytrinâ)

doxazosin (Carduraâ)

-Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist

dobutamine

-Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist

formoterol (Foradilâ)

albuterol (Proventilâ/Ventolinâ)

terbutaline (Brethineâ)
-Beta Blocker

Nonselective

nadolol (Corgardâ)

propranolol (Inderolâ)

timolol (Blocadrenâ)

Selective

atenolol (Tenorminâ)

metoprolol (Lopressorâ)

-Bronchodilators

Sympathomimetics “B-2 agonist”  (Short and long acting)

albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®)

formoterol    (Foradil®)                                                                      terbutaline (Brethine®)                                                                salmeterol (Serevent )

-Mast Cell Stabilizers

cromolyn Sodium (Intal® / Nasalcrom®)

PARASYMPATHETIC:

-Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist

acetylcholine

pilocarpine (Pilocarâ)

bethanechol (Urecholineâ)

-Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents

neostigmine (Prostigminâ)

-Anticholinergic

atropine

dicyclomine (Bentylâ)

ipratropium bromide   (Atrovent®)

- Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

a.     Peripherally Acting

Depolarizing Agent:

succinylcholine

Non-depolarizing Agent

rocuronium bromide (Zemuronâ)

Direct Acting

dantrolene (Dantriumâ)

b.     Centrally Acting

cyclobenzaprine (Flexerilâ)

carisoprodol (Somaâ)

methocarbamol (Robaxinâ)

orphenadrine citrate (Norflexâ)

chlorzoxazone  (Parafon Forte DSCâ)

metaxalone (Skelaxinâ)

Xanthine Derivatives

theophylline (Theo-Dur)

aminophylline (Paladronâ)

III.     Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

montelukast    (Singulair®)

-Combination Bronchodilator

ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate (Combivent®)

-Antihistamines

Generation I (sedating)

brompheniramine (Dimetapp®)

chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®)

clemastine (Tavist®)

diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)

hydroxyzine (Atarax®)

promethazine (Phenergan®)

azelastine (Astelin® or Astepro®)

Generation II (non-sedating)

loratidine (Claritin®)

fexofenadine (Allegra®)

cetirizine (Zyrtec®)

-Corticosteroid (asthma or allergic rhinitis)

budesonide (Rhinocort® or Pulmicort®)

mometasone (Nasonex® or Asmanex®)

fluticasone (Flonase® or Flovent®)

flunisolide (Nasalide®)

triamcinolone (Nasacort®/Azmacort®)

-Antitussives

a.     Narcotic

hydrocodone (Hycodan®)

codeine/guaifenesin (Robitussin AC®)

b.     Nonnarcotic

dextromethorphan/guaifenesin (Robitussin DM®)

benzonatate  (Tessalon Perles®)

-Decongestants

oxymetazoline (Afrin®)

pheniramine (Dristan®)

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®)

-Expectorants

guaifenesin (Robitussin®, Mucinex®, Organidin®)

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Main locations of receptors and main locations

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Main locations of receptors and main locations

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Sympathetic

-Alpha 1: on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins
-Alpha 2: Brain; negative feedback system to alpha 1, in order to help maintain balance in blood pressure
-Beta 1: on the heart
-Beta 2: smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries and coronary arteries

Parasympathetic

-Muscarinic: on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands
-Nicotinic 1 (Nn): at ganglia of both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves
-Nicotinic 2 (Nm): Skeletal muscle

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-Alpha 1: increases blood pressure, dilation of pupils and smooth muscle contraction
-Alpha 2: lowers blood pressure
-Beta 1: increases  EVERYTHING with the heart (rate, force, and conduction)
-Beta 2: increases air flow and relaxation of organs
-Muscarinic: decreases heart rate, increases digestion, GI/urinary activity and pupillary constriction
-Nicotinic 1 (Nn): receives messages from neurotransmitters to activate the appropriate organ response
-Nicotinic 2 (Nm): muscle contractions