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This children's rhyme is the poem that Justice Wargrave borrows as inspiration for his murders. With each part of the poem, he uses it as a creative way to kill his next victim until there are none left on the island but him.

The poem's introduction in the story is ironic and hints to foreshadowing. Vera finds it above the fireplace in chapter two. She reads it and smiles, completely and utterly unknown of the fact that the same rhyme would bite her in back in the near coming future. She would soon represent the tenth soldier boy in the story and hang herself after she was the last one left alive.

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The excessive use of poison could have been a red herring. It drove the readers away from the fact that Wargrave might be the murderer and instead putting their focus on Armstrong, who was the only doctor on the island.

Two of the ten deaths were related to cyanide and one was from a chloral hydrate overdose.  Marston was poisoned with cyanide in his drink, Emily Brent was stung with a syringe of cyanide, and Mrs. Rogers was given the overdose of the sleeping stuff. Wargrave had a favored method of killing his victims and it was by poisoning them.

By Emily Brent's death with the syringe, this had led to the house guests doubting that Dr. Armstrong was the one leading the murders by poisoning them with his medicine. Armstrong admitted to bringing along the syringe with him on the island, but claimed that every doctor keeps one on hand anyway.

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By Agatha Christie

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There are quite a few symbols and connections to the Bible in the novel.  Emily Brent, who was extremely religious and self-righteous, read her bible in her room very often. Before she's invited to the island, she is responsible for the suicide of a young girl that used to work for her. She fires the girl, Beatrice Taylor, immediately after finding out about her pregnancy out of wedlock and it soon leads to her jumping into a river. Emily admits to not feeling any remorse for her, since she doesn't "condone immorality"

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The other parallel to the Bible I found in the novel was with Judgement Day. In chapter one when Armstrong was leaving the train to Soldier Island, an old man on the train with him begins to warn him,  "I'm talking to you, young man. The day of judgment is very close at hand."

The day of judgement is told to be the time when the world ends and God judges everyone human who has ever lived, off their actions. The house guests being on the island with Wargrave and slowly being murdered off for their immoral crimes represents them being judged, and in this case Wargrave represents God. Their murders represent the price they would have to pay.

Plus, and this is something extra I noticed, Justice Wargrave is technically an ex- court judge.

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As the murders began to increase and the food supply began to decrease, the remaining guests were soon forced to eat foods like canned fruit and tinned tongue. The guests eating the tinned tongue represents the saying of someone "swallowing their tongue," meaning someone keeping their mouth shut. In this case, the guests haven't fully admitted their crime and are keeping quiet on that matter. They're eating the tongue; tongue representing the truth about them.

At the end of the book, Vera complains that she's tired of tinned tongue. That could also symbolize her coming to the truth. That she's beginning to feel guilt and internally open up about her crime, eventually leading to her suicide at the end of the book.

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The revolver is important to the story, as it was used in two of murders: Wargrave's and Lombard's. Wargrave's first death with the revolver was reported faked. After everyone is murdered, he uses the gun to his own demise to fool the detectives into thinking his death was also a murder.

On Lombard's case, considering the gun belongs to Lombard himself, makes his death ironic. He had formerly brought the revolver to the island to protect himself and in the end his own gun is used against him, Vera Claythorne shooting him with it.

The revolver was also constantly disappearing around the house throughout the entire novel, (which roused a few of the guests to further doubt Lombard,) when the real murderer was Wargrave.

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When Justice Wargrave is found "dead" by the entrance to the drawing room, there's a mark on his head. Wargrave later mentions that it is the Mark of Cain. In the bible—and in other religious books—Cain was known the son of Adam and the very first murderer, earning the title by killing his own brother, Abel, out of jealousy. This parallels to Wargrave since both Cain and Wargrave commit murder(s) in their story.

The mark of Cain given by God protected Abel from danger. For the mark to be on Wargrave foreshadows not only the fact that he is the secret murderer but also the fact that he is safe from being murdered from anyone else but himself.