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It is advisable to use one of them or in combination, depending on the type of research and the chosen approach. to do so.

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Pragmatism recommends a mixed methods approach relating quantitative and qualitative methods as the most appropriate way to observe the world.

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"Science, according to this view, is an activity that is based on this subject/object schema" (Mulaik, 1995).

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Experiential realism affirms that it is not possible to observe the world only objectively; there is also a limit to admitting subjectivity.

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Post-positivists believe that research can never be certain and that researchers must approximate that reality as best they can.

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It has its cause and consequence.

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Its vision is objective, realistic and based on research conducted without the subjective influence of the researchers.

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Meticulous reasoning to find an optimal solution to a problem.

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Can be replicated, simulated or repeated, due to its high reliability.

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Results are based on larger sample sizes.

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It collects quantifiable data, uses statistical techniques, to analyze the information collected to test a proposed hypothesis.

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It is a systematic investigation of a topic related to a social phenomenon and a specific research methodology.

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Epistemology is the philosophy of knowledge or the way we come to know.