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Odysseus' ordinary world is "on the peaked sea-mark of Ithaca" (Homer line 21). Here he lives as king with his wife Penelope and son Telemachus.

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Odysseus is asked to go fight in the Trojan War. He is asked due to his great intelligence and athletic ability. He did end up fighting in it, recounting later how he "stormed [Troy] and killed the men who fought... [enslaving] the women" (Homer lines 43-44).Odysseus did not want to leave his family behind.

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Since Odysseus does not want to leave his family and life behind, he acts insane so he won't have to go to war. Athena, Goddess of War and Wisdom, persuades Odysseus to sail to Troy and use his intelligence to win.

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Athena- Athena was a mentor towards Odysseus in many ways. From giving him intelligence to "[disguising] Odysseus as a beggar", she has Odysseus' back throughout the whole story (Homer 596).

Circe- Circe provided Odysseus with knowledge throughout the story, and though she was once any enemy, she becomes a friend. An example of this is when "Circe informs him that... he must journey to the land of the dead" (Homer 576)

Teiresias- Teiresias is not involved with Odysseus' story for long, but he provides some much needed foresight into Odysseus' fate. Tiresias tells him, in short, that "anguish lies ahead", and give him a detailed explanation of what he must be ready for (Homer line 633).

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After victory in Troy, Odysseus' men were acting "mutinous, fools" (Homer lines 47-48) and slaughtering sheep in droves and taking women as slaves. They were violating a Greek value in their great pride, "sheep after sheep they butchered... feasting" (Homer lines 48-50), and that made the Cicones mad, so they attacked them, driving them out of Troy.

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Odysseus and his men are driven out of Troy and tried sailing home, but are swept off course by a current. They were taken to the Land of the Lotus Eaters, where three men try the lotus flower, and Odysseus discovers that those who eat the flower "never cared to report, nor to return", so Odysseus takes these men and they leave before anyone else has a chance to try the flower.

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Odysseus goes to the Land of the Cyclopes, where he meets the man-eating Cyclops, Polyphemus, "a brute so huge, he seemed no man at all..." (Homer lines 130-131). Odysseus hopes that "... Athena [grants] what [he] prayed for" which is to gain wisdom to escape Polyphemus (Homer line 264). Odysseus represents the Greek value of Hospitality when he tells Polyphemus to "...try some wine" (Homer line 296) because he "meant it for an offering if [Polyphemus] would help [them] home" (Homer lines 299-300).

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Odysseus arrives in Aeolia, where Aeolus, the god of the winds, "sends Odysseus on his way with... a sack containing all the winds except the favorable west wind" and his men are told not to open the bag (Homer 576). But of course, they do anyway, and they get blow all the way back to Aeolia, where Aeolus tells them "that they are detested by the gods" (Homer 576).

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After sailing from Aeolia, Odysseus and his men arrive on the shore of the Land of the Laestrygonians, a land of cannibals who "destroy all of Odysseus' ships except the one he is sailing in" (Homer 576).

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After they left the Land of the Laestrygonians, Odysseus and his men sailed to "Aeaea, the island ruled by the sorceress-goddess Circe".  Circe transforms half of his men into swine, but protected by a magical herb from Hermes, Messenger of the Gods, Odysseus convinces Circe to revert his men back to their true form. She then tells him that he must "journey to the land of the dead... and consult the blind prophet Tiresias" (Homer 576).

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Land of the Dead (Crossing the Threshold) 

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Land of the Dead (Crossing the Threshold) 

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After leaving Aeaea, Odysseus crosses the threshold and enters the "new world". He goes to "consult the blind prophet Tiresias" as Circes told him to do (Homer 576). On the way he realizes that him and his crew had unknowingly violated the Greek value of respect of the dead by not burying a crewman, Elpenor, who had drunk "so much wine" that he fell off of the roof of Circe's house (Homer line 589).

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After returning to Aeaea, Odysseus is warned of "the Sirens, who lure sailors to their destruction", and sea monsters, Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus tells his men to "tie [him] up... along the mast", and to tie him tighter if he struggles (Homer line 695). Then, using the heat of the sun given to him by Helios, God of the Sun, he "laid [the wax] thick in [his men's] ears" so they themselves would not be tempted by the song (Homer lines 712-713). This was the first time in The Odyssey where they successfully passed a test.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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After Odysseus and his men passed the sirens, they continued on to where Scylla and Charybdis lived. They sailed between Scylla and a whirlpool caused by Charybdis after praying to Zeus, God of the Heavens, for help in "[pulling] away before [they] founder". They sailed close to Scylla so they would not fall into Charybdis' mouth, so they lost many men, but they made it past. The only Greek value that they may be violating is the Greek Value of respect of the dead because they could not bury the corpses.

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In Hades, Odysseus was warned against messing with Helios' cattle. Odysseus tells his men not to take the cattle with them, but his men do not listen, Eurylochus tells his fellow shipmates that "famine is the most pitiful, the worst end that a man can come to", telling them that they can take the cattle so long as they pay it back later (Homer lines 866-867). Odysseus's men violate the Greek value of respecting the gods and loyalty when they "killed the kine", something they had been told specifically not to do (Homer line 886). In response to this, Zeus "let a bolt fly against the ship", destroying Odysseus' crew's hopes of returning home, but not Odysseus', after grabbing onto some rubble and drifting over to Charybdis, Zeus took pity on Odysseus.

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After his ship is destroyed, Odysseus drifts and eventually comes upon a island ruled by "Calypso, loveliest among goddesses, who held [him] in her smooth caves to be her heart's delight... But in [his] heart [he] never gave consent" (Homer lines 29-34). Odysseus eventually broke free of her spell and left.

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Odysseus returns to Ithaca to find his home overrun with suitors of  his wife that were not welcomed. He gets help from multiple gods, from a Apollo, when he prays "help me Apollo" (Homer line 1411) during the archery part of his trial, and he gets help from Athena many times throughout the chapter. He upholds multiple Greek values, especially the value of revenge when he proclaims "Not for the whole treasure of your fathers... (etc.)" (Homer lines 4666-4668).

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Odysseus's main enemies are the suitors of his wife, Penelope. Odysseus came home from twenty years being gone to "insolent men eating [his] livestock..." and courting Penelope!

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"Ten years after the Trojan War, Odysseus departs from... Calypso's island" and finally makes it to Phaeacia (Homer 562). "[King] Alcinous offers a ship to Odysseus and asks him to tell of his adventures" (Homer 562). Using the ship provided by King Alcinous and the Phaecians, Odysseus "arrives in Ithaca after and absence of twenty years", where Athena meets him, disguising him as an old beggar (Homer 595). Odysseus finds his son, whom unwelcomed suitors of his wife plan to kill, and, after Athena made him look young again, he shares his plan to get rid of the suitors. Odysseus then enters his house, where he meets the suitor and his wife Penelope while back under his disguise. After "Penelope interrogates" him,  Odysseus goes on to face a challenge that Penelope has created for the suitors and succeeds, at last revealing himself to the suitors (Homer 605).

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Odysseus' reward is "[regaining] his family and his kingdom" (Homer 616). After twenty years, Odysseus finally gets to return home and once again be with his family and his people. He lost many things on the way, and the journey was long and arduous, but he made it home, making his return all the sweeter.

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Odysseus is a hero because he exhibits multiple heroic traits. The most obvious trait that he shows is his incredible leadership, from when he and his men "stormed [Troy] and killed the men who fought", all the way to when he instructed Telemachus on what they must do to kill the suitors, he proves time and time again how good of a leader he is (Homer line 43). Another one of Odysseus' many heroic traits is intelligence, Odysseus is a master strategist, using his intelligence many times to thwart his enemies, a prime example is when he "pondered how to hurt [Polyphemus] worst" and came up with a plan that lead to him and some of his men escaping. Odysseus' last main heroic trait is bravery, Odysseus showed bravery throughout the entire epic poem, but it shows stronger in some places, like when he fires his first shot at Antinous, one he knows will be difficult, as he says "now watch me hit a target that no man has hit before" (Homer line 1410), or when he faced the cyclops Polyphemus, as he recounts that he "felt a pressure on [his] [heart], in dread" (), but he still spoke out and faced Polyphemus.