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Size: 6 inches wide
Weight: approximately 60-100 grams (depends on size of human)
Where: it sits across the abdomen behind the stomach

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The pancreas is apart of the endocrine system and the exocrine sytem.

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Hormones:

Glucagon- increases blood glucose levels

Insulin- decreases blood glucose levels
Pancreatic polypeptides- regulates secretion of digestive enzymes

Functions in each system:
Endocrine- regulates blood sugar levels

Exocrine- aids in digestive processes

Negative feed back system

First, we start with a stimulus, which in this example, it is when you eat a piece of candy.

The cells in your blood detect this change in blood sugar, and send a message (the input secreting message) to the brain (control center). They tell the brain that your blood sugar is too high.

Once the brain receives this message, they send an output (the output secreting message) to the pancreas (effector). The pancreas then releases insulin into the bloodstream.

Once the cells in the bloodstream detect homeostasis with blood sugar levels, they send a message (the input inhibiting message) to the brain saying that everything is back to normal.

The brain receives this message and sends a signal (the output inhibiting message) to the pancreas to stop releasing insulin.

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Acute pancreatitis-
Possible causes-

Abdominal surgery

Alcoholism

Certain medications

Cystic fibrosis

Gallstones

hypercalcemia

hyperparathyroidism

hypertriglyceridemia

Infection

Injury to the abdomen

Obesity

Pancreatic cancer

Symptoms-

nausea

vomiting

diarrhea

bloating

fever

upper abdominal pain

Chronic pancreatitis-
Possible causes-

An attack of acute pancreatitis

A blockage of the main pancreatic duct caused by cancer

Certain autoimmune disorders

Cystic fibrosis

Hereditary diseases of the pancreas

Smoking

Unknown cause in some cases

Syptoms-

symptoms mimic acute pancreatitis

may develop diabetes mellitus

malnutrition

weight loss

Pancreatic cancer-
Possible causes-

It's not clear what causes pancreatic cancer. There are some factors that may increase the risk of this type of cancer, including smoking and having certain inherited gene mutations

Symptoms-

painless jaundice

abdominal pain

indigestion

weight loss

back pain

constipation

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- You can have a partial removal of the pancreas and still live normally. However, when the whole pancreas is removed, it usually causes them to be more reliant on artifical insulin, and they can develop diabetes later down the road.

- A transplant is possible, but it is usually done for people with type 1 diabetes.

Survival rates
95% after 1 year, 88% after 5 years, and for grafts, 85% at 1 year, and 60% after 5 years

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“Common Disorders of the Pancreas.” The National Pancreas Foundation, The National Pancreas Foundation, 27 Feb. 2017, pancreasfoundation.org/patient-information/about-the-pancreas/common-disorders-of-the-pancreas/#:~:text=There%20are%20a%20variety%20of,the%20inaccessibility%20of%20the%20pancreas.
“Pancreas: Functions and Possible Problems.” Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 2021, www.medicalnewstoday.com/.
Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer, American Cancer Society, 11 Feb. 2019, www.cancer.org/cancer/pancreatic-cancer/treating/surgery.html#:~:text=It%27s%20possible%20to%20live%20without,totally%20dependent%20on%20insulin%20shots.