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Haley Alexander, Louis Haroun, Joshua Apollon, Shaniah Spence, Sarah Wynn 

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Haley Alexander, Louis Haroun, Joshua Apollon, Shaniah Spence, Sarah Wynn 

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Haley: Q1, Q6
Louis: Q4
Joshua: Q5, Q7
Shaniah: Q3
Sarah: Q2

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The correlation between Vitamin D deficiency and the amount of melanin in the skin is that people with darker skin have more melanin so they don't require as much vitamin D from the sun. People with lighter skin require more vitamin D because they have less melanin. People with lighter skin have more of a chance of getting vitamin D deficiency.

Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356951/

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In the human skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol upon exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation from sunlight and sometimes from dietary sources.

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The benefits of vitamin D are protection from certain diseases, keeping bones and teeth healthy,  and regulation of calcium and phosphorus absorption. If you are vitamin D deficient then you can contract diseases associated with bone pain and muscle weakness.

Sources:
http://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/vitamin-d-deficiency#1

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/161618.php

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Melanin in the skin can only protect you to a certain extent. No matter what your skin tone is, you can still be a risk for many types of skin cancer.

Source:
http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/skin-cancer-and-skin-of-color

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People who lived where solar radiation is more intense, higher concentratios of deep-colored melanin became an advantage for the protection it provided. However, people who lived  closer to the poles, where solar rays are weaker and more diffuse, lower concentrations of melanin allowed people to collect vitamin D.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EN-x-zXXVwQ

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Melanocytes are located in the Stratum Basale. Melanocytes synthesize melanin.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3834696/

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Stratum Corneum: 20-30 dead, horny layers.
Stratum Lucidum: Only in thicker layers of skin.
Stratum Granulosum: Has granuals.
Stratum Spinosum: Most layers; Location of keratinocytes.
Stratum Basale: Actively mitotic stem cells; as cells age they become a part of superficial layers. Location of melanocytes.
Source: Integumentary System Guided Notes