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Tariff of 1832 (SkylarG)

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The political movement during the Second Party System toward greater democracy for the common man symbolized by Andrew Jackson and his supporters. Jackson's expansion of democracy was largely limited to Americans of European descent, and voting rights were extended to adult white males only. There was little or no progress for African-Americans and Native Americans.

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-This was a financial crisis in the U.S.
*Money shortage and sharp decrease in the treasury triggered the Panic of 1837. Since the United States did not have a national bank, the federal government was not equipped to handle the depression. The Panic occurred during Jackson’s term as president because he created the Specie Circular, which ended the policy of selling government land on credit, by executive order. Jackson also refused to renew the charter which caused the Second Bank of the United States to fail. The bank’s failure was also caused from government funds to be withdrawn from the bank and be deposited in state “pet” banks.

-What is it?:
*The Panic of 1837 was a major recession that lasted until the mid 1840s. This not only made the profits, prices and wages of items in the United States decrease, it also made the unemployment rate increase.

-Purpose:
*The Panic of 1837 was never supposed to happen, but since President Jackson preferred “hard cash” such as gold and silver over paper money, there was a money shortage and a sharp decrease in the treasury. President Jackson was just trying to strengthen his role as president through vetoing and fighting against reform movements and the Second Bank of the United States.

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States' Rights and Protective Tariffs (Erin and Ciara)

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States' Rights and Protective Tariffs (Erin and Ciara)

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States Rights-
-Nullification Crisis was where South Carolina and the federal government disagreed on the tariffs being unconstitutional or not. They were null and void within the sovereign boundaries of the state.
- Protective tariffs placed a tax on imported goods and marked individual states' rights against the claims of the federal government.
- These protective tariffs were a big part of Henry Clay's economic plan (American System).
- The tariff of 1816 was enforced to protect northern manufacturers from Britain after the War of 1812 and southerners were opposed to it.
- More tariffs in 1824 and 1828 were imposed because of the need to protect industry and to raise federal revenue.
-"Tariff of Abominations" in 1828 was passed to increase northern support for Jackson in the presidential campaign. Southerners opposed it and it was stated unconstitutional because it violated the rights of states.
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Southerners: "Okay I think Congress is done imposing tariffs."
Congress:

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-Jackson defeated Clay in the Presidential election of 1832
-Henry Clay (1777–1852) was a paradox. An eloquent speaker known for charm and generosity, Clay served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, as well as U.S. Secretary of State. He also ran for the presidency five times and lost each time.
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-It was the name of the conflict that rose over whether the 2nd Bank of United States should be allowed
-Andrew Jackson started the Bank Wars because he wanted the Bank of the U.S. to be destroyed
-Nicholas Biddle was the president of the BUS and argued against Jackson's claim
-The bill to recharter the BUS passed in both os the houses in the year 1832, but Andrew Jackson tried to veto the bill.
-The issue of whether the bank should continue or not was the main topic in the election of 1832.
-Overall, the ruling was that the BUS would not be rechartered by the government. Biddle then got a state charter from Pennsylvania and it continued to operate until 1841 when it went out of business.

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*was a Warhawk and supported the War of 1812 against Britain, even though the US was unprepaired
*supported the South's desire for slavery, also supporting the idea of secession
*huge believer in state's rights and believed that a state should have the right to nullify a law if the law hurt that state in the process
*established the Second Bank of the United States
*"warned" of the United States' doom if slave states weren't  given better protection for their institution
*claimed that the Tariff of 1828 and 1832 favored the Northern manufacturers too much and it was at the expense of Southern farmers: "The Nullification Crisis"

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Jackson's Expansion of Presidential Powers : Fari

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Jackson's Expansion of Presidential Powers : Fari

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•Ignored heads of government departments except Van Buren, his Secretary of State

•Consulted Kitchen Cabinet made up of Van Buren and old western friends

•Forced out Cabinet members who would not enforce his laws

•Used veto more frequently then all previous presidents combined to force Congress to constantly consider his opinions

•“negative activism” restricted federal activity in contrast to nationalizing tendencies of previous presidents

•Jackson’s popularity made this sharp change possible

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1. Visual (Meme, graph, political cartoon, picture)
2. What was importance of topic?