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Chloe 2023 Nine Days - Creative Writing Task

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English SAC Passages, Creative Response Nine Days

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The genesis of slang dates from the earliest days of the colony via the convict population

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Year 12 English 2019 Creative highlight reel (1)

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Rationing regulations for food and clothing were gazetted on 14 May 1942. Rationing was introduced to manage shortages and control civilian consumption. It aimed to curb inflation, reduce total consumer spending, and limit impending shortages of essential goods. The broad reasoning behind the introduction of rationing was to ensure the equitable distribution of food and clothing. It was also hoped that a cut on consumer spending would lead to an increase in savings, which in turn could be invested in war loans.

Australians were never as short of food nor rationed as heavily as civilians in the United Kingdom. Rationing was enforced by the use of coupons and was limited to clothing, tea, sugar, butter, and meat. From time to time, eggs and milk were also rationed under a system of priority for vulnerable groups during periods of shortage.

Rationing was administered by the Rationing Commission. The basis for policing food rationing was through the surrender of coupons before rationed goods could be supplied. This had to occur between traders as well as consumers. Coupons were passed back from consumers to retailers, from retailers to wholesalers, and in many cases from wholesalers to producers, who were requested to return them to the commission.

Breaches of rationing regulations were punishable under the general provisions of National Security Regulations by fines of to £100 or up to six-months imprisonment. Responding to the complaint that these penalties were inadequate, the government passed the Black Marketing Act at the end of 1942. This Act was for more serious cases and could carry a minimum penalty of £1,000.

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Rationing of food and clothing during the Second World War

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Rationing regulations for food and clothing were gazetted on 14 May 1942. Rationing was introduced to manage shortages and control civilian consumption. It aimed to curb inflation, reduce total consumer spending, and limit impending shortages of essential goods. The broad reasoning behind the introduction of rationing was to ensure the equitable distribution of food and clothing.

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Nine Days is currently studied in VCE English under Area of Study 1 - Text Response. For a detailed guide on Text Response, check out our Ultimate Guide to VCE Text Response.

Study Guide Contents:

1. Summary

2. Main Characters

3. Themes, Ideas and Values

4. Literary Devices

5. Essay Topics

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Jordan's novel traces the tumultuous lives of the Westaway family and their neighbours through four generations as they struggle through World War II (1939-45), the postwar period of the late 1940s and 50s, the 1990s and the early 2000s. Composed of nine chapters and subsequently nine unique perspectives of life, their family home in Rowena Parade, Richmond, becomes the focal point for Jordan's exploration of femininity, masculinity, family and Australian society. ‍

2. Main Characters

Kip Westaway

"Mr. Husting always says first impressions count" (p.5)

"Mr. Husting holds his other hand out flat and instead of an apple there's a shilling." (p.6)

"I own the lanes, mostly. I know the web of them, every lane in Richmond." (p.21)

"When they put me in the grave, I know what it'll say on the stone, if I get a stone, if they don't bury me like a stray cat at the tip" (p.29)

"I didn't say goodbye to Dad! On account of a book." (p.158)

"This photo won't be out of my sight from now on. You've given me my sister back, Alec." (p.260)

Francis Westaway

"THE SHADOW CANNOT BE DEFEATED!" (p.145)

"The toughest gang in Richmond! And they want me, Francis Westaway!" (p.155)

"I see a purple jewel hanging on a gold chain. It's a beaut, the prettiest thing I've ever seen... There's no way I'm sharing this. It's mine." (p.174)

"Do you understand how sensitive a reputation id? It's up to me to be respectable. I'm the eldest. It's my responsibility." (p.200)

Connie Westaway

"Ma sitting with her dress lifted up to her face, Connie on her knees beside her, holding her arms, cooing soft like Ma is a baby." (Kip, p.35)

"We women do what's expected. You [men] can do almost anything you care to think of." (p.280)

"It seems that all my life I've had nothing I've desired and I've given up having desire at all. Now I know what it feels like to want and I will give anything to have it (p.285)

"I thought we'd have more time than this. We've only just made it." (p.290)

Jean Westaway

"Those moments, when [Kip] reminds me of Tom. I have to leave the room. The fury rises up my legs and up my body like a scream and it's all I can do not to let it out." (p.212)

"We all die alone" (p.212)

"This is not how I imagined it to be. Children. Mothering." (p.212)

"And for things like this, for girls like Connie and saving her future, there is a respectable woman who runs a business in Victoria Street" (pp.221-222)

"I'd never of done it with boys but Connie, she was different." (p.239)

"we're respectable people." (p.218)

Tom Westaway

'Kipper's old man ... dropped off the tram in Swan Street somewhat worse for a whiskey or three and hit his head. Blam, splashed his brains all over the road. A sad end.' (Pike, p.24)

'As a girl I had plenty of suitors, but none like Tom. Best behaviour in front of my father, children all brought up in the church by him.' (p.212)

Stanzi Westaway

'The parcel is for Stanzi: inside is an old-fashioned coin, dull silver, with a king's head on one side. It has a silver chain threaded through a hole in the middle. Stanzi looks like she's about to cry.' (Alec, p.254)

'She doesn't mean to be hurtful. She is worries for me, that's all ... if she really thought I was in terrible trouble, she would be gentler.' (Charlotte about Stanzi, p.126)

'the oblivious insouciance of the entitled' (p.51)

Charlotte Westaway

'I say the question over and over: should I keep the baby?' (p.142)

'The herbs are evidence of an understanding of our place in the universe... an acknowledgement of the delicate balance in our bodies...' (p.116)

'There was only one place I could go: my sister's' (p.124)

'They contain all the hopes of the human spirit, all the refusal to quit, to keep believing people can feel better' (p.116)

Alec Westaway

'Yet here I am. Away from home in a world of strangers. Alone. Forgotten.' (p.241)

'This waiting for my life to start, it's driving me mental.' (p.244)

'I don't sketch. Instead I concentrate on the scene the scene in front of me so I can remember it later.' (p.251)

Libby Westaway

'All the things I remember, everything about my life, our family, my childhood: it's all real because Libby knows it too.' (Alec, p.273)

Jack Hustling

'I can see both sides.' (p.80)

'Just let me kiss you, Connie. I'd die a happy man.' (p.284)

Ava and Sylvester Husting

'If we have to send boys to fight ... it's layabout boys with no responsibilities, the Kip Westaway's of the world, who ought to be going.' (Ava, p.102)

'That shilling. Our little secret. Gentlemen's honour.' (Sylvester, p.8)

Annabel Crouch

'You're a good girl, Annabel.' (Mr. Crouch, p.177)

'I'd like to compliment their dresses, but I don't know what to say.' (p.190)

Mr. Crouch

'He is killing himself, I know that. I won't have him for much longer.' (Annabel, p.207)

'No mother, no brothers. Working your youth away, looking after an old man.' (p.179)

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3. Themes, Ideas and Values

Family

Quotes

'Family house, family suburb, family man' (Charlotte about Kip, p.140)

'Stuck here ... looking after your old man. You should have a family of your own by now.' (Mr. crouch to Annabel, pp.178-179)

'No mother, no brothers. Working your youth away, looking after an old man.' (p.179)

Analysis

The theme of family is a recurring one that develops over time. Jordan's inclusion of other families such as the Crouches, the Churches, the McCarthy's and the Stewarts sand in contrast to the Westaway's. The juxtaposition of family life in this way allows the reader to see how such factors like wealth, class and reputation can affect the family dynamic especially within the War period. The idea of family is strained by the pressures of war as many family's sons and husbands where away at was leaving the other members to adopt other roles. Not only physical, but the conventional emotional roles of tradition families of the time are redistributed specifically within the Westaway household. Jordan postulates the role family plays in providing emotional/ physical support is of far greater importance than the necessity to abide to societies idea of what family should look like.

Women and reproductive rights

Quotes

'I tell her about shame and the way it's always the women who wear it. I spare her nothing. I say loose women and no morals and I say bastard and I say slut.' (Jean, p.220)

'You don't have to have it, you know.' (Stanzi, p.132)

'Your body, your choice ... That's what our feminist foremothers fought for' (p.134)

'What if he wanted to know his child, doesn't he have the right?' (pp.133-134)

Analysis

Jordan highlights the controversial issues of premarital sex, abortion and the rights of women within the mid 20th and early 21st century. Indeed, it is this theme of women that becomes inextricably linked with the effect of a damaged reputation. When Connie falls pregnant, Jean implores that she has an abortion, in secret of course, in order to preserve hers and her family's reputation within the small community. The issue of abortion is later revisited when Charlotte becomes pregnant in the 1990s, where the contrast between the time periods becomes evident; while unplanned pregnancy is greatly stigmatized in the 1940s, the 1990s offers Charlotte a far wider array of options. It is Jordan's depiction of the two cases - Connie's horrific backyard abortion, and Charlotte's adjustment to parenthood - that she suggests the perceptions and attitudes towards morality, reputation and women have shifted over time, emphasizing the importance of reproductive rights in the development of women.

Masculinity

Quotes

'I remember coming home from school once, crying. I would have been around six or seven. I was picked last for some team. That was me, the kid without a father.' (Alec, p.262)

'"Westaway," Cooper says. "Get in. For once in your life, do not be a pussy."' (p.267)

Analysis

Within the parameters of her text, Jordan articulates how men conform or reject masculine tropes in an effort to fit into society. Toughness, bulling and unsavory activity is presented as the characteristics of man through such depictions a Mac and his gang. In its connection to the war period the novel partly focuses on, the notion that in order to be classified as a man he must first off go through struggle and hardship is presented in the group of strangers taunting Jack, ultimately bullying him into certain ideals of masculinity which prove toxic and consequential: Jack dies as a result. It is Jordan who advocates for a balanced personality of both 'masculine' and feminine' characteristics as suggested in the character development of Kip; evolving, learning and devising a true meaning of what it means to be a man outside its conventional brutality.

Attitudes towards Asia

Quotes

'She is with a customer or sweeping the floor with a broom made from free-range straw that died of natural causes or singing Kumbaya to the wheatgrass so it id karmically aligned.' (Stanzi, p.50)

'The fear of the Nips coming made him a better man.' (Annabel, p.178)

'always wanted to go to India [to study yoga] at a proper ashram.' (pp.132-133)

'She makes her eyes go big and round like some manga puppy' (p.264)

Analysis

Through both overt and subtle language, Jordan makes reference to the attitudes towards Asia prevalent at the time, specifically within the war period that sees many Australian's '[fearing]' the nip'. The derogative slang for the Japanese used represents a lack of understanding and fear (the bombing of Darwin and attack on Sydney left meaning feeling particularly vulnerable to the Japanese). Exacerbated by the fact that Japanese culture was not widely understood and often misrepresented, the Japanese were stereotyped as brutal and inhuman. Over the course of the novel, attitudes towards Asia dramatically shift especially within the early 1990s of Stanzi's and Charlottes generation. The philosophical ideas of the east are often referenced by characters like Charlotte as she draws on them to make sense of her own complex life. The novel sees another shift in ideology represented through Alec, as his generations perception turns to a more commercial view. Asian culture has earned a place in mainstream media and western life without such gruesome and violent connotations as was previously held during the time of World War.

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4. Literary Devices

Allusion

- Throughout her perspective driven text, Jordan makes many references to classic novels that helps create a literary context for the narrative and lends themselves to the evolution of the characters throughout the course of the text.

- Alexandre Dumas' The Three Musketeers - Kip's characteristic trait of heroism when he sees the gang waiting for him and says 'on-bloody-guard, d'Artagnan' (p.22)

- Charles Dickens' Great Expectations and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn - both coming-of-age stories about young men struggling within a tough world, only getting by on their wits and strength.

- Brontë sisters Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights - Their reference is used in discerning a customer's knowledge on the texts but reveal only a surface level understanding due to the novels carrying a certain cultural value.

- Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels - referenced by Jack Husting in relation to his adventures in the country. Its use pertaining to how Jack feels out of place in his home town after leaving a boy and returning a grown man.

Genre

- A historical novel that plays with ideas of placing invented characters into a reconstructed world of the past.

- Uses elements of both realism and impressionism to create the text.

Realist elements:

--- A strong focus on everyday life within a particular society with reference to real historical detail.

--- Incorporates a logical and strong foundation of context that can be easily digested and believed by the reader.

--- Can use an omniscient narrator (all-knowing)

Impressionist elements:

--- Each chapter offers detail and presents a vivid interpretation of specific events.

--- Sensory experiences are emphasized by the use of descriptive and poetic language.

--- The linear flow of the narrative is disrupted by its construction in a non-chronological order, thereby forcing the reader to piece the whole narrative together at the end.

Language

- Varied depending on the character's perspective and time of perspective

- Language is used to historicise each chapter through use of slang, colloquialisms, formal and proper English.

Setting

- The novel revolves around the Westaway's family home in Rowena Parade, Richmond over the course of four generations.

- Rather than them move or the location change it evolves, paralleling the growth and evolution undergone by each of the Westaway family members.

Structure

- Inspired by a photograph in the collection of Argus war photos held at the State Library of Victoria, Jordan uses this image capturing a private and intimate moment to establish the premise for each of books chapters.

- Titled Nine Days and composed of nine unique perspectives on life at a given time, Jordan offers insight into the emotional livelihood of each narrator and attaches both intimate and historical significance to their stories. ‍

- Toni Jordan's Nine Days describes a world in which life in the 1930s and 40s was much harder than life in the 21st century. Do you agree?

- In Nine Days, older Kip's point of view is very unrealistic. To what extent do you agree?

- Toni Jordan's Nine Days shows us people can choose whether they end up happy or not. Discuss.

- The mood by the end of Nine Days is ultimately uplifting and positive. Do you agree?

- There is more tragedy in Nine Days than there is joy. To what extent do you agree?

- Nine Days, by Toni Jordan, shows the best and worst of Australian culture. Discuss

- Jordan suggest that appreciation of family is integral to personal happiness. Discuss.

- "Your body, your choice."

What do the different experiences of Connie and Charlotte reveal about changing societal attitudes towards women?

- There are many characters who are largely hidden figures within the text. What significance is produced in including and excluding different perspectives.

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Nine Days is currently studied in VCE English under Area of Study 1 - Text Response. For a detailed guide on Text Response, check out our Ultimate Guide to VCE Text Response. Study Guide Contents: 1. Summary 2. Main Characters 3. Themes, Ideas and Values 4. Literary Devices 5.