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“Culture refers to that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”.

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Material culture refers to the concrete and tangible things that man creates and uses. They range from the prehistoric stone tools of primitive man to the most advanced computer of the modern man

Non-material culture consists of words people use; the habits they follow; the ideas, customs and behavior that any society professes and to which they strive to conform. Laws, techniques, lifestyle, and knowledge are included, too.

Question: Can you give at least 2 examples of material and non-material culture?

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Culture is learned and acquired.

Culture is shared and transmitted.

Culture is social.

Culture is ideational.

Culture gratifies human needs.

Culture is adaptive.

Culture tends toward integration.

Culture is cumulative.

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1. Norms - these are guides or models of behavior which tell us what is appropriate or inappropriate, what is right or wrong

a. Folkways
b. Mores
c. Laws

2. Values- values represent the standards we use to evaluate the desirability of things

a. Achievement and Success
b. Activity and work
c. Moral orientation
d. Humanitarian
e. Efficiency and practicality

3. Language- it refers to a system of symbols that have specific and arbitrary meaning in a given society

4. Fashion, fads, and craze- these are other elements of culture that are short-lived social norms with which people are expected to comply with.

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Some of the more specific functions of culture distinct from the objectives of the various social institutions: 

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Some of the more specific functions of culture distinct from the objectives of the various social institutions: 

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1. Culture serves as trademark or special feature that distinguishes one society from one another.

2. Culture brings together, contains, and interprets the values of a society in a more or less systematic manner.

3. Culture provides one of the most important bases for social solidarity.

4. Culture provides a blueprint of, as well as the materials for social structure.

5. The culture of any society is largely responsible for producing a social personality.

6. The culture of a society provides behavioral patterns.

7. Culture provides individuals with the meaning and direction.

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It can be thought of as the atmosphere or attitude of a school (Adeogun & Olisaemeka, 2011).

It is “an aggregate measure of school’s characteristic, such as relationships between parents, teachers, and administrators, as well as the physical facilities on the ground” (Adeogun & Olisaemeka, 2011)

National School Climate Council define school climate as “norms, values, and expectations that support people feeling socially, emotionally, and physically safe”

The climate of a school can change hour-to-hour or day-to-day.

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It can be understood as the personality of the school (Gruenert & Whitaker, 2015)

Culture is much more difficult to change because of the numerous elements involved. Some of these include: the climate, the mission and vision, routines, rituals, ceremonies, norms, symbols, stories, values, and beliefs (Gruenert & Whitaker, 2005)

Leaders must understand the climate of the school in order to change or maintain the culture of the school (Sara Confeld, 2016).

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Explain in two (2) to three (3) sentences only.

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Mission is about student and teacher learning.

There's a rich sense of history and purpose.

Core values of collegiality, performance, and improvement centered around quality, achievement, and learning for all students

Positive and Proactive Approaches for staff and students

Stories that celebrate successes and recognize heroines and heroes .

Physical Environment reflects pride and joy

Widespread sense of respect and nurturing.

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Structure

Powerful work ethic

Common behavioral and academic expectations for students and staff

Trust

Staff and Parent Empowerment

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What is the relevance of having a positive school culture?

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What is the relevance of having a positive school culture?

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It satisfies the human beings need for belonging and sense of community.

Research has found when teachers and students feel a sense of community, he or she is more satisfied with the work that is done, is more likely to attend school, enjoy what he or she is doing, and has higher achievement (Peterson & Deal, 2009)

The school community will be much more likely to succeed if there’s a sense of significance and encouragement, rather than competition and hopelessness. That is why school cultures should focus on strengths, collaboration, productivity, communication, relationships, improvement, and kindness (Peterson & Deal, 2009)

Therefore, it is essential that leaders in schools are working to create a safe, caring, responsive, and positive school culture to assure individuals are provided with the opportunities to be successful throughout his or her life (Confeld, 2016).

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As a future educator, list down at least five (5) steps on how can you build a positive school culture to make your future students feel that they belong.

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How Educators Can Help Students Feel Like They Belong: Cultural and Political Perspectives

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Key Aspects in Shaping a New School Culture

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Key Aspects in Shaping a New School Culture

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Gruenert and Whitaker (2015) discuss a few key aspects to shape a new school culture:

1. Understand the concept of school culture, know what it is and what it is not.

2. Understand your school’s culture by knowing leverage points and barriers, and recognizing and acknowledging the current status of the school as well as what the past entailed.

3. Once all of this is understood, one can begin to shape the school culture by building a team, describing the change that is wanted, appreciating what is working well, and building the capacity to change.