# data[].attributes.body
Yasser Arafat said  'Now we are going to the fight, so we must be ready'. The Palestinians did not stop Sharon visiting Temple Mount, allowing it to be an excuse to begin violence. Arafat said

# data[].attributes.headline
The Real Strategy Behind the Palestinian Violence

# data[].attributes.subject
The Real Strategy Behind the Palestinian Violence

# data[].attributes.body
Matthew Engler - youtube

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Real Strategy Behind the Palestinian Violence

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Emmad el-Faluji, Palestinian Minister of Communications reveals the real strategy behind the Palestinan violence. He explains that the Intifadeh was not a spontaneous response to Ariel Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount. Rather, it was a pre-planned, coordinated attack against Israel to stall the peace process.

# data[].attributes.headline
Jewish Week.org - PA: Intifada Was Planned

# data[].attributes.subject
Jewish Week.org - PA: Intifada Was Planned

# data[].attributes.body
https://web.archive.org/web/20050510224143/http://jewishweek.org/news/newscontent.php3?artid=3846

# data[].attributes.headline
The Atlantic - In a Ruined Country: How Yasir Arafat destroyed Palestine

# data[].attributes.subject
The Atlantic - In a Ruined Country: How Yasir Arafat destroyed Palestine

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/09/in-a-ruined-country/304167/

# data[].attributes.headline
New York Times - Battle at Jerusalem Holy Site Leaves 4 Dead, 200 Hurt.

# data[].attributes.subject
New York Times - Battle at Jerusalem Holy Site Leaves 4 Dead, 200 Hurt.

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/30/world/battle-at-jerusalem-holy-site-leaves-4-dead-and-200-hurt.html

# data[].attributes.headline
The Second Intifada: Background and Causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

# data[].attributes.subject
The Second Intifada: Background and Causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

# data[].attributes.body
Jeremy Pressman

# data[].attributes.headline
CNN - Israeli troops, Palestinians clash after Sharon visits Jerusalem sacret site.

# data[].attributes.subject
CNN - Israeli troops, Palestinians clash after Sharon visits Jerusalem sacret site.

# data[].attributes.body
https://web.archive.org/web/20051108060716/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/28/jerusalem.violence.02/

# data[].attributes.headline
Jerusalem Post - Gissin talks Sharon's Temple Mount visit 10 years on.

# data[].attributes.subject
Jerusalem Post - Gissin talks Sharon's Temple Mount visit 10 years on.

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Gissin-talks-Sharons-Temple-Mount-visit-10-years-later

# data[].attributes.headline
BBC On This Day - 2000: 'Provocative' mosque visit sparks riots

# data[].attributes.subject
BBC On This Day - 2000: 'Provocative' mosque visit sparks riots

# data[].attributes.body
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_3687000/3687762.stm

# data[].attributes.headline
Al Jazeera - Jews and Muslims to share al-Aqsa Mosque?

# data[].attributes.subject
Al Jazeera - Jews and Muslims to share al-Aqsa Mosque?

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/11/jews-muslims-share-al-aqsa-mosque-2013111184111359951.html

# data[].attributes.headline
Israelis: Do you agree with the killing of civilians during the Second Intifada? - The Ask Project. Corey Gil-Shuster

# data[].attributes.subject
Israelis: Do you agree with the killing of civilians during the Second Intifada? - The Ask Project. Corey Gil-Shuster

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nazKx01C1k

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Israelis: Do you agree with the killing of civilians in the Second Intifada?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=... http://www.wix.com/coreygilshuster/un... Want to know what Israelis and Palestinians in the Middle East really think about the conflict? Ask a question and I will get answers. People ask Israeli Jews questions. I go out and ask random people to answer. Arin from Jenin Palestine asks: "Do Israelis agree with the killing of so many civilians in the Second Intifada?

# data[].attributes.headline
AP Archive - Israel: Clashes at Al-Aksa Mosque WRAP

# data[].attributes.subject
AP Archive - Israel: Clashes at Al-Aksa Mosque WRAP

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Natural Sound XFA Clashes erupted at the Al-Aqsa mosque in the old city of Jerusalem on Thursday after Israeli leader Ariel Sharon visited the mosque to demonstrate his view that Israel should not give up sovereignty over the holy site. Hundreds of Palestinian students clashed with Israeli police.

# data[].attributes.headline
CNN - Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon visits Temple Mount.

# data[].attributes.subject
CNN - Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon visits Temple Mount.

# data[].attributes.body
NB: At the time of his visit, Ariel Sharon was the opposition leader, not the PM

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon visits Temple Mount

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Former Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon makes a controversial trip to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.

# data[].attributes.headline
A very detailed, essential resource, to help with Activity 2

# data[].attributes.subject
A very detailed, essential resource, to help with Activity 2

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/second_intifada.htm

# data[].attributes.headline
Arafat gave us arms for Second Intifada attacks, Hamas official says

# data[].attributes.subject
Arafat gave us arms for Second Intifada attacks, Hamas official says

# data[].attributes.body
Miller, E. (2014). 'Arafat gave us arms for Second Intifada attacks, Hamas official says.' The Times Of Israel. Retrieved from: http://www.timesofisrael.com/arafat-gave-us-arms-for-second-intifada-attacks-hamas-official-says/

# data[].attributes.headline
Sela, A. (2009). 'Difficult Dialogue: The Oslo Process in Israeli Perspective'. The Israeli-Palestinian Impasse: Dialogic Transformations. 23 (11).  Macalester International.

# data[].attributes.subject
Sela, A. (2009). 'Difficult Dialogue: The Oslo Process in Israeli Perspective'. The Israeli-Palestinian Impasse: Dialogic Transformations. 23 (11).  Macalester International.

# data[].attributes.body
"What began with a sense of elevated idealistic hopes and euphoria thus turned into a crisis of expectations and mistrust, resulting in a dangerous stalemate and then a major eruption of violence"

# data[].attributes.headline
Use  this extract to help inform your pair dialogue

# data[].attributes.subject
Use  this extract to help inform your pair dialogue

# data[].attributes.body
Freedman, S. (2010, 1 October) 'The second intifada, 10 years on.' The Guardian. Retrieved from:
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/oct/01/israel-palestine-intifada-10-years-on

# data[].attributes.body
Likewise, assuming that Palestinians' resistance to Israeli occupation is born out of an inherent hatred for Jews, rather than being a direct and understandable reaction to decades of oppression is a dishonest stance to take. Especially during periods of intense conflict – such as the years following the September 2000 uprising – life for ordinary Palestinians has been a cycle of trauma, violence and aggression, leading inevitably to another generation devoted to resisting their occupiers and fighting tooth and nail for freedom.

# data[].attributes.body
Almost every Israeli knows someone killed during the conflict, whether in uniform during their compulsory service in the IDF or as a civilian during the wave of terror attacks by Palestinian militants. Dismissing their harrowing and horrific experiences, as many outsiders tend to do in their rush to lay all blame for the conflict at Israelis' feet, is both unfair and unwise, given that Israelis have as much right to live in peace and security as their neighbours.

# data[].attributes.body
Ariel Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, on 28 September 2,000, was seen for many years as the main incident that sparked an unplanned revolt, leading to the 2nd Intifada.

However, many have since put forward the view that the 2nd Intifada had been planned for many years, with Sharon's visit serving as the convenient scapegoat for violence.

Conduct research and construct a table outlining arguments for and against this claim.

# data[].attributes.body
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_3840000/newsid_3840200/3840261.stm

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Mike is a Palestinian boy who lives in Bethlehem. He had Israeli friends until Israel's barrier was built right through his garden.

Israelis say the barrier, a huge fence and wall, is to protect them from suicide bombers.

Palestinians are angry as they say it is dividing communities and stopping people moving about the area.

Have the Israeli Army ever come to your house?

They came into our house in the middle of the night, they put us all in one small room and they put cameras in it and we were scared. Everyone was scared, even the older people.

We were asleep and they knocked on the door very loudly and they made us get up and put us in a small room. I was very shocked.

How has the barrier changed your life?

When the wall was built we were deprived of everything, we can't go out with our friends, we were no longer able to see our friends in Israel.

The Israelis uprooted our trees. Every time one goes out of the house they tell you to go back inside.

The Israelis say the barrier is to protect them from suicide bombers.

I believe their main aim is to take more of our land. No suicide bomber is able to cross here without getting shot by the Israelis.

What do you think about suicide bombers?

I think it's wrong because there are sometimes Arabs amongst the victims. This means we become our own enemy.

And suicide bombers kill innocents. Sometimes there are Israelis who are on our side - they will no longer support us.

What's life like in Bethlehem?

It has become very crowded for the Palestinians in Bethlehem. Skirmishes break out due to lack of space.

Are you scared?

Not everyday. When I go to school, they don't do anything to me. But if I want to move about around here I do get scared.

Do you know any Israeli kids?

My best friend, Rafi - we used to play football everyday. We used to see each other everyday but the wall has prevented us from seeing each other.

What do you think will happen in the future?

There won't be any peace between us, everything will be destroyed. The Palestinians want peace but I believe the Israelis want to destroy us.

Do Palestinians want peace?

Not all of them. Suicide bombers want a war but others want peace.

Some Palestinian kids throw stones at the Israeli army - do you join in?

No, I think it's wrong. The consequences are too severe. One shot and you're dead. You've lost everything. What's a stone going to do?

Do you want peace?

Yes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CBBC Newsround | Press Pack Reports | The barrier goes through my garden

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mike is a Palestinian boy who lives in Bethlehem. He had Israeli friends until Israel's barrier was built right through his garden. Israelis say the barrier, a huge fence and wall, is to protect them from suicide bombers. Palestinians are angry as they say it is dividing communities and stopping people moving about the area.

# data[].attributes.body
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/club/your_reports/newsid_1916000/1916591.stm

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Palestinian Authority educates haters towards Israel. Young children write "fan letters" to the dead suicide bombers.

This is a war against terrorists who threaten innocent life."

Iris, 16, Israel

Do YOU want to write a Press Pack report? It can be about ANYTHING that's happened to you - or your views on the news.

Click on the link top right to find out how!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CBBC Newsround | YOUR REPORTS | I fear for my life

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Palestinian Authority educates haters towards Israel. Young children write "fan letters" to the dead suicide bombers. This is a war against terrorists who threaten innocent life." Iris, 16, Israel Do YOU want to write a Press Pack report? It can be about ANYTHING that's happened to you - or your views on the news.

# data[].attributes.body
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/club/your_reports/newsid_1977000/1977628.stm

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Most houses have bullet holes and some have even been shot at by missiles.

I want world leaders to know that children in Palestine are suffering, not only physically but in other ways too.

Couldn't go to school

It was very distressing when we had the curfew and we were not allowed to leave our homes.

We couldn't go to school, and we couldn't even go outside.

Children should not be treated like this.

I feel very positive since discussing all these issues with other young people. I just hope that the leaders will now listen."

Ahmad, 16, Ramallah

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CBBC Newsround | YOUR REPORTS | Children's forum: A Palestinian view

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Most houses have bullet holes and some have even been shot at by missiles. I want world leaders to know that children in Palestine are suffering, not only physically but in other ways too. Couldn't go to school It was very distressing when we had the curfew and we were not allowed to leave our homes.

# data[].attributes.body
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/club/your_reports/newsid_1998000/1998129.stm

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
I do see an end - it's either co-existence or no existence. I don't know when, I cannot say I see a bright light at the end of the tunnel right now, but I know that this is the only way.

Better life

I personally speak a lot about tolerance and understanding.

I do school presentations at Arab and Jewish schools, going and talking about peace trying to change things.

The Palestinians are my friends and I care for them and I want them and myself to have a better life.

I believe it's possible but not when terrorism is still around."

Elad, 17, Israel

Do YOU want to write a Press Pack report? It can be about ANYTHING that's happened to you - or your views on the news.

Click on the link top right to find out how!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CBBC Newsround | YOUR REPORTS | Peace talks are the only way forward

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
I do see an end - it's either co-existence or no existence. I don't know when, I cannot say I see a bright light at the end of the tunnel right now, but I know that this is the only way. Better life I personally speak a lot about tolerance and understanding.

# data[].attributes.body
Work in pairs:

-Pick one person from each 'perspective'. Make note of their points of view and responses.

- Use your textbook and further research to learn more about the 2nd Intifada?
* What were the main areas affected?
* How many casualties were there on each side?

- Using your research and understanding of the chosen perspective individuals, write a dialogue with your partner,
* What would you say to someone on the other side of the conflict?
* How do you think the global community views the conflict? Are they right?
*Do you think there is a hope for peace?

# data[].attributes.body
- From these statements, what were the primary concerns of Israel and Arafat & the PLO, following the Intifada.

# data[].attributes.body
Examine one of the below four statements:

- What does your chosen statement tell us about the difficulties faced by Israel and the PLO in negotiating a lasting peace, following the Intifada and the Oslo 1 Accord.

Statements from:
Sela, A. (2009). 'Difficult Dialogue: The Oslo Process in Israeli Perspective'. The Israeli-Palestinian Impasse: Dialogic Transformations. 23 (11).  Macalester International.

# data[].attributes.body
Nothing soured the Oslo process more than Israel’s vehement violation of the spirit of the Oslo Accords by a continued policy of settlement in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

# data[].attributes.body
Despite their official recognition of the state of Israel and acceptance of the two-state solution ... the PLO leaders failed to convince the Israeli public that they were trustworthy, that they meant what they signed, or the truth of their publicly stated willingness to live peacefully at Israel’s side and not at its expense. Three main reasons combined to create this image of the Palestinian partner: its unwillingness to confront the Islamic opposition by force, its militant public rhetoric, and the PA’s corrupt economy and political system.

# data[].attributes.body
Arafat’s primary concern was his image and reputation among the Palestinians. This meant that during times of sour relations with the Israeli government, Arafat acquiesced in the violence perpetrated by Hamas and other Islamic opposition groups or opted to buy time and peace with them at the expense of his commitments to Israel.

# data[].attributes.body
In practice, the power discrepancy [between Israel and the PLO] allowed Israel to conduct a security-driven policy toward the Palestinians that was shaped by the military and security echelons.

- How did this power discrepancy affect the peace process?
- Are there other power dynamics that this statement doesn't take into account? Explain.

# data[].attributes.body
The terrorist attacks had a far-reaching direct impact on civilians, as well as indirectly, defined in terms of high levels of post-traumatic anxiety and depression. The terrorist attacks were experienced by some as an existential anxiety. The main implication of these attacks was represented by growing militant perceptions and support of decisive responses against the Palestinians. More specifically, and in view of the inefficacy of the diplomatic means, the Israeli public demonstrated a growing support for a military solution represented by the popular slogan, “Let the IDF Win!”

# data[].attributes.body
"The scope of violence adopted by Palestinians and Israelis in 2001– 2004 was unprecedented in the history of their conflict, primarily in terms of human losses."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Negotiations | Shattered Dreams Of Peace | FRONTLINE | PBS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Deeper and deeper mistrust grew on both sides. Palestinians accused Israel of failing to stop expanding Jewish settlements and stalling on agreed withdrawals from West Bank territory. Israel accused Arafat and the Palestinian security forces -- which were established by Oslo -- of not cracking down on militant groups that were trying to sabotage the peace process.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In a telling sequence of journalist John Pilger's 2002 video about the horrors of Palestinian life under occupation, we tour rooms of the ruined Palestinian...

# data[].attributes.headline
Source: Comments made in late 1993 by a PLO member who opposed Arafat's leadership and the Oslo Accords.

# data[].attributes.subject
Source: Comments made in late 1993 by a PLO member who opposed Arafat's leadership and the Oslo Accords.

# data[].attributes.body
"Let us call the agreement [The Oslo Accords] by its real name: a Palestinian surrender. The PLO has ended the Intifada, even though Israel remains in occupation of the West Bank and Gaza. There is nothing in the document to suggest that Israel will give up its violence against Palestinians or compensate its victims. Israeli troops will redeploy, not totally withdraw. Israeli settlers will remain and live under different laws."

# data[].attributes.body
- List the main four Annexes of the Oslo 1 Accord

- Make a list to show why;
1. Arafat's enemies, both within the PLO and outside it, opposed the peace accord.
2. Israeli right-wing supporters did not wish to compromise with the PLO.

- How did the assassination of Rabin affect Israel and the peace process?

# data[].attributes.body
Construct a timeline of the  1st Intifada:

1987:
July 22 -
November 25 -
December 8 -

1988:
April 16 -
August 1 -
November 15 -

1989:
July 16 -

1990:
2 August –

1991:
January 14 -
28 February -
October 30 -
December 16 -

1992:
May 24 -
23 June -

1993:
16 April -
August 20 -

# data[].attributes.body
- What is meant by the term 'Intifada'?

- What inciting incidents lead to the 1st Intifada?

- Why had circumstances changed so much for both Israel and the PLO in the early 1990s?

- Was violence in the Intifada limited to arab-israeli/ israeli-arab violence?

- Describe the origins of Hamas and Hezbollah. How did their involvement change and escalate the conflict?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
An unforeseen threat to freedom of speech in British broadcasting emerged last week. It was triggered by the showing of my documentary, Palestine is Still the Issue, on ITV. The film told a basic truth that is routinely relegated, even suppressed - that a historic injustice has been done to the Palestinian people, and until Israel's illegal and brutal occupation ends, there will be no peace for anyone, Israelis included.

Most of the film allowed people to tell their eyewitness stories, both Palestinians and Israelis. What was unusual was that it disclosed in detail the daily humiliation and cultural denigration of the Palestinians, including a sequence showing excrement smeared by Israeli soldiers in a room of children's paintings. The film was accurate, restrained and fair; the longest interview was with an Israeli government spokesman. Every word and frame was subjected to a legal examination for accuracy and to ensure it complied with the fairness regulations in the Broadcasting Act.

Our historical adviser, Professor Ilan Pappé, the distinguished Israeli historian. He wrote to Carlton Television that "the film is faultless in its historical description and poignant in its message". None of this deterred the chairman of Carlton, Michael Green, a supporter of Israel's policies, from abusing the programme makers in the Jewish Chronicle, calling the film "inaccurate", "historically incorrect" and "a tragedy for Israel".

Not one of his accusations was, or can be, substantiated. Professor Pappé called the attack "an attempt to delegitimise any criticism of Israel". This was followed by an unprecedented rebuke of its chairman by Carlton's Factual Department, which stood by the film's accuracy.

What is disquieting is that Green had actually seen the film before it went to air, and had not alerted the programme makers to his concerns, waiting until the Jewish Board of Deputies, the Conservative Friends of Israel and the Israeli embassy expressed their "outrage" at a film transmitted after most people were in bed.

A "pro-Israel" film is now being demanded by them and Green. What does this mean? My film was pro-Palestinian in as much as it was pro-justice. Most of those interviewed were patriotic Israelis, including the war veteran father of a teenage girl killed in a suicide bombing. He and others put the lie to the standard Zionist cry that any criticism of Israel is anti-semitic, a claim that insults all those Jewish people who reject the likes of Ariel Sharon acting in their name.

So what does "balance" mean? A film approved by the Israel lobby? This lobby is currently orchestrating an email campaign against my film; curiously, many of the emails are coming from America, where it has not been shown.

At the heart of this is a failure to acknowledge the overwhelming imbalance in the British media in favour of the Israeli point of view. ITV deserves great credit for funding and broadcasting my film, which sought to redress a little of this. The BBC would have never dared to incur the wrath of one of the most influential lobbies in this country, as Tim Llewellyn, the BBC's Middle East correspondent for many years, says in a letter in today's Guardian. He accuses the BBC of "continuing to duck" its public service duty to explain "the true nature of the disaster [of the occupation] and Israel's overwhelming responsibility for it".

This general bias is verified by a remarkable study of the television coverage of the Middle East, conducted last May by the Glasgow University Media Group. The conclusions ought to shame broadcasters. The research shows that the public's lack of understanding of the conflicts and its origins is actually compounded by the "coverage". Viewers are rarely told that the Palestinians are victims of an illegal military occupation. The term "occupied territories" is rarely explained. Only 9% of young people interviewed know that the Israelis are both the occupiers and the illegal "settlers".

The selective use of language is striking, says the study. Words such as "murder", "atrocity" and "terrorism" are used almost exclusively in relation to Israeli deaths. The extent to which broadcasters assume the Israeli perspective, says Professor Greg Philo, "can be seen if the statements are reversed ... We did not find any [news] reports stating that 'The Palestinian attacks were in retaliation for the murder of those resisting the illegal Israeli occupation.'"

For years, journalists have complained about Zionist hate mail and the pressure of the "regular call from the Israeli embassy" to current affairs editors. This can take a subtle form: pressure is applied to correspondents in Jerusalem, who then shape their reports accordingly in the interests of what they tell themselves is "balance", but is, in effect, censorship by omission. The system gets the Israelis off their backs and "makes life bearable".

If Michael Green and his vociferous friends succeed in intimidating ITV and the Independent Television Commission, the freedom of broadcasters to be more than mere channellers of "official truth" and to offer viewers suppressed facts and a true diversity of perspective, will be destroyed. No matter how big and powerful the corporate media, journalists and broadcasters have a duty to resist on behalf of the public we are meant to serve.

www.johnpilger.com
Topics

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
An unforeseen threat to freedom of speech in British broadcasting emerged last week. It was triggered by the showing of my documentary, Palestine is Still the Issue, on ITV. The film told a basic truth that is routinely relegated, even suppressed - that a historic injustice has been done to the Palestinian people, and until Israel's illegal and brutal occupation ends, there will be no peace for anyone, Israelis included.

# data[].attributes.body
Honest Reporting - Pilger Pilfers the Truth

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
On Sept. 16, while most of British Jewry was celebrating the Yom Kippur break-fast, Britain's most popular television channel, ITV1, aired a ferociously anti-Israel documentary entitled, "Palestine is Still the Issue." The program was produced by Australian-born John Pilger, a columnist for the UK Daily Mirror with a 25-year record of anti-Israel activism.

Scant effort was made to provide context, Israeli perspective or even explanation, with Prof. Ilan Pappe used as a token academic Israeli historian. However, Pappe is far from objective, having run for the Knesset on the radical Communist Party ticket, and is disgraced and discredited in Israel for falsifying historical evidence. Coupled with his post-Modernist perspective and active engagement with Palestinians in an attempt to discredit Zionism, it is unsurprising that Pappe supports Pilger's thesis concerning Israel's fault.

HonestReporting questions not only the biased content of the program (detailed below), but also the decision to broadcast - on the holiest day of the Jewish calendar - such a clear affront to the Jewish community. Furthermore, Pilger's discussion of the program on the Gloria Hunniford chat show (carried on British TV Channel 5) was aired on Yom Kippur afternoon, when few Jews were available to participate.

To accompany the documentary, Pilger also published an article in The Mirror, one of Europe's leading dailies with several million readers. Entitled "Israel's Routine Terrorism," Pilger's article mirrors the gross violations of media objectivity seen in his TV documentary.

Read the Mirror article at:
http://pilger.carlton.com/print/116732

Read info on Pilger's documentary at:
http://www.johnpilger.com/palestine

The chairman of Carlton Television, Michael Green, strongly criticized his own company's documentary, John Pilger's "Palestine Is Still The Issue." Green said the program was "factually incorrect, historically incorrect," and a "tragedy for Israel so far as accuracy is concerned."
http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/media/story.jsp?story=334942

In the meantime, Pilger himself bellyached against HR members in a column in the UK Guardian, saying that critics are "orchestrating an email campaign against my film; curiously, many of the emails are coming from America, where it has not been shown."

===== CRITIQUE OF THE DOCUMENTARY ====

From start to finish, Pilger's documentary is a veritable encyclopedia of every anti-Israel canard in existence today:

- Referring to Israel's War of Independence (following Arab refusal to accept the UN partition plan), Pilger's documentary simply stated: "In 1948 the Arab world rose up, when Palestinians were forced to flee from their homes in a blitz of fear and terror." Read carefully: Pilger suggests that the 5-nation Arab attack was in response to Israeli aggression.

- The Six Day War is described similarly: "In 1967 Palestinians were forced to flee again when Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza Strip, describing it as an act of self defense." Pilger insists that 1967 was simply an Israeli fantasy about Arabs wanting to destroy it.

- Operation Defensive Shield is portrayed as a deliberate attempt to vandalize and destroy Palestinian culture; no mention is made of the wave of suicide bombings that forced Israel to defend itself.

- Pilger suggests that Israel systematically murders Palestinians, claiming that 90% of Palestinians killed are civilians. In fact, scholarly studies show that in the last two years of violence, 39% of Palestinian deaths are "non-combatant" - versus 79% of Israeli deaths are "non-combatant." (See study at
http://www.ict.org.il/researchreport/projectsummary.htm)

- Pilger suggests that the victims of terror are morally equivalent to the terrorist, and asserts that killing a terrorist before he can murder is also "terrorism."

- Pilger decries the inconvenience of IDF checkpoints, but fails to mention that the checkpoints were set up as a response to terrorism. Nor does he mention how the editor of the notoriously anti-Israel Guardian found that the average wait was 20 seconds to pass a checkpoint, with the soldiers being polite to the Arabs.

- Pilger claims that checkpoints have destroyed the Palestinian economy, while ignoring the fact that violence against Israelis forced the loss of tens of thousands of Palestinian jobs. Pilger also omits mention of the severe damage to the Palestinian economy due to corruption of Palestinian Authority officials; Arafat's personal wealth has been estimated at $1.3 billion.

- Pilger interviews an Arab couple who claim that their newborn baby died due to alleged IDF harassment at a checkpoint. The woman says: "This is how they treat all Palestinians. I'm sorry to say this, but they would rather help an animal than an Arab." Pilger offers no counter-claim, and declares that such a story is "typical of the everyday treatment of the Palestinians."

- Pilger characterizes the 1948 refugee issue as "ethnic cleansing." However, it is a historical fact that most Arabs were persuaded to leave by Arab leaders who promised to invade and destroy Israel. Time Magazine (May 3, 1948) reported that "The mass evacuation, prompted partly by fear, partly by orders of Arab leaders, left the Arab quarter of Haifa a ghost city... By withdrawing Arab workers, their leaders hoped to paralyze Haifa."

Pilger of course selectively omits mentioning the equal number of Jewish refugees who fled from Arab countries, and settled in Israel. He also omits that in the 1880s there was no native Palestinian population to displace (as the journal of Mark Twain and other contemporary sources confirm), except in about 5% of "Palestine." In fact, as is thoroughly documented in Joan Peters' classic work, "From Time Immemorial" (available at http://www.amazon.com), most Arabs immigrated into "Palestine" after the Zionist pioneers had worked hard to cultivate land that they had legally bought from absentee Arab landlords, bringing commerce to the region.

- Pilger compares Israel's treatment of Arabs like that of apartheid South Africa. He fails to note, however, that Arabs living under Israeli rule enjoy a far greater freedom of speech and freedom of the press than do Arabs living under the PA, and that the first Middle East country to grant Arab women the right to vote was Israel - not Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, or any of the 20 other Arab Middle East states. Nor does Pilger mention how in much of the Arab world, Jews and other non-Muslims are treated as second-class citizens (the despised Dhimmi).

- Pilger categorizes at least 3 Israeli prime ministers as "terrorists."

- Pilger claims that "For much of their resistance, the Palestinians have fought back courageously with slingshots." However, he omits reference to the Hebron riots of 1929 when 67 Jews were slaughtered. Or the period of 1951-55, when more than 3,000 armed attacks were launched against Israeli civilians, resulting in the deaths of 922 Israelis and foreign tourists. Or the Oslo period (1993-2000), when 300 Israelis were murdered by Palestinian terrorists. (To cite a few of the many historical examples.)

- Pilger accuses the Jewish world of carrying out a conspiracy to manipulate the non-Jewish world into believing that any crit
icism of Israel is "anti-Semitic."

- Pilger complains that Israel is being heavily supplied by America, but he selectively omits mention that America gives billions of dollars annually to Arab countries such as Egypt and Jordan.

- For his final thrust, Pilger employs the classic canard of suggesting that Israel's battle against Palestinian terror is akin to Hitler's treatment of the Jews. The conclusion of the documentary, to paraphrase Pilger, is that the world stood silent during the Holocaust - "will they stay silent again?"

If you believe that Pilger's documentary is biased, write to:

Email: dutyoffice@carltontv.co.uk
Phone: 020-7240-4000
Fax: 020-7615-1775

Write to:
Carlton Television
101 St Martin's Lane
London WC2N 4AZ

Complaints can also be directed to the ITC television standards commission, responsible for consumer complaints. Go to:
http://www.itc.org.uk/how_can_we_help/programmes/complaint_programme.asp

HonestReporting members should note that Pilger's documentary will be broadcast in Australia on SBS television on October 8th at 8.30 p.m.
Send comments to: comments@sbs.

Thank you for your ongoing involvement in the battle against media bias.

HonestReporting.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
On Sept. 16, while most of British Jewry was celebrating the Yom Kippur break-fast, Britain's most popular television channel, ITV1, aired a ferociously anti-Israel documentary entitled, "Palestine is Still the Issue." The program was produced by Australian-born John Pilger, a columnist for the UK Daily Mirror with a 25-year record of anti-Israel activism.

# data[].attributes.body
CAMERA.org - Film Review

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Australian-born, London-based journalist and filmmaker John Pilger does not pretend to deliver an objective view of his subject matter. In fact, he scoffs at the whole notion of journalistic impartiality. "Impartiality and objectivity now mean the establishment point of view..." he declared derisively in a 2002 interview with the Progressive. Those journalists who claim to be objective, according to Pilger, only "channel the official truth," and thereby "simply cipher and transmit lies." He sees himself, by contrast, as an anti-establishment crusader and has acknowledged that if he were American, he'd be accused of advocacy journalism ( Independent, March 23, 1998).

One of Pilger's more notorious advocacy campaigns - a 1982 sensationalist exposé for the Daily Mirror about child slavery in Thailand - resulted in accusations that he fabricated the identity of a young girl sold into slavery by her parents, in order to strengthen his conclusions. Pilger claimed to have been duped by his Thai intermediary, but the incident prompted essayist Auberon Waugh to coin the verb "to pilger" which first appeared in the 1991 edition Oxford English Dictionary of New Words. (It was removed in 1994 after Pilger protested.) "Pilgering" has been defined by various writers as conducting journalism in a manner supposedly characteristic of John Pilger, or, more specifically, as presenting information in a sensationalist manner to support a foregone conclusion; using emotive language to make a false political point; treating a subject emotionally with generous disregard for inconvenient detail; or making a pompous judgement on wrong premises.

Targets of Pilger's self-righteous anger are frequently "pilgered" in the journalist's opinion columns, books and documentaries, often with emotive language and Nazi imagery. He labels the U.S. "the world's leading rogue state;" and accuses Israel of conducting a "bloody and illegal rampage through Palestine," likening its anti-terrorist incursions into Palestinian territories to "Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland." He brands Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon a "war criminal,"compares U.S. President Bush to Hitler, and terms the American elite "the Third Reich of our times."

In Pilger's world, events are seen through a lens in which America and Israel are foremost villains. Thus Pilger responded to the 9/11 terrorist attacks against America with an op-ed blaming his usual villains. He wrote:

If the attacks on America have their source in the Islamic world, who can really be surprised?...

...The attacks on Tuesday come at the end of a long history of betrayal of the Islamic and Arab peoples: the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the foundation of the state of Israel, four Arab-Israeli wars and 34 years of Israel's brutal occupation of an Arab nation...

...It is only a few years ago that the Islamic fundamentalist groups, willing to blow themselves up in Israel and New York, were formed, and only after Israel and the US had rejected outright the hope of a Palestinian state, and justice for a people scarred by imperialism. Their distant voices of rage are now heard; the daily horrors in faraway brutalised places have at last come home." ( The Herald [Glasgow], September 13, 2001).

This view of the world dominates Pilger's 2002 film, "Palestine is Still the Issue," sequel to his 1977 documentary by the same name. Those familiar with Pilger's work will recognize it as more of the same bitter diatribe. Presenting himself as a beleaguered but defiant critic of Israel and champion of the Palestinians, Pilger devotes his film to villifying Israel as a terrorist state with the help of a roster of anti-Israel Israelis who have made careers of publicly speaking out against their country.

The "historical adviser" for the film was Ilan Pappe, an activist in Israel's tiny Communist party, and among the most extreme of a group of radical Israeli historians who have attempted to rewrite Israel's history to suggest the country was born in original sin, and whose claims have been discredited by numerous scholars. Like Pilger, Pappe admits he is motivated by a political and ideological agenda, less interested in what actually happened in the past than in "how people see what's happened." Despite Pappe's academic credentials, the film is not well researched and breaks no new ground. In fact, it seems as if research was limited to Google searches of anti-Israel Web sites. Pilger makes his points with the same historical distortions, unsubstantiated anecdotes, misquotes, and old, discredited anti-Israel canards that flourish on Internet hate sites.

For example, he begins by claiming that Israel controlled 78% of historic Palestine after the 1948 war- a claim put forth by Palestinian propagandists and frequently seen on their internet sites.

In fact, the original land of Palestine, as determined by the League of Nations, included what is now Israel, Gaza, the West Bank and the entire state of Jordan. The British transferred nearly 78% of historic Palestine to the Arabs to create a new entity called the Emirate of Transjordan. Jews were forbidden to live, buy land or become citizens there. The UN partition plan proposed a division of the remaining 22% of the land between Jews and Arabs, and the armistice lines (1949-1967) left Israel with approximately 16.5% of the original Mandate area.

The same type of propagandist misinformation pervades the entire film. Pilger declares, for example, that Israel is the fourth largest military power in the world and suggests that Gaza settlers control and appropriate Palestinian water.

Israel's army is not even the fourth largest in the Middle East, never mind the world. Egypt, Syria, Iran, Morocco and Turkey each have larger armies than Israel. Israel's army is also smaller than those of China, the United States, India, Russia, North Norea, South Korea, Pakistan, Vietnam, France and Germany.("Trends in Western Military Efforts," by Anthony Cordesman) According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, Israel ranks 13 th in manpower.

As for the water theft canard, Palestinians have controlled access to aquifiers in the Gaza Strip ever since Israel transferred civil authority for Gaza to the Palestinians in 1994. Israeli settlers receive their water primarily from Israeli sources, and the amount of water Israeli communities in the region obtain from Gaza aquifiers is balanced by an equal amount of water supplied to Palestinian communities in Gaza from sources within Israel. The extensive, unregulated Palestinian well-drilling that commenced when the Palestinian Authority took civil administration of Gaza has severely damaged the aquifers used by the Palestinian population, leading to infiltration of seawater. While Israel has no
jurisdiction over this matter, it has nevertheless agreed to provide the Palestinian population in the Gaza Strip with additional water from Israeli sources as soon as Palestinians provided an infrastructure for its storage and distribution. The Palestinian Water Commissioner of Gaza, Nabil A-Sharif, has confirmed that it is the Palestinians who have requested that Israel not transfer additional water to them until they are ready.

A Palestinian farmer demonstrates his large yield of tomato plants after the introduction of new irrigation techniques by the UN Development Programme (UNDP). According to the UNDP, the Palestinian community's poor water resource management practices of the past have allowed potentially good agricultural land in Wadi Gaza to go to waste. (UNDP Choices Magazine)

Pilger further turns truth on its head by presenting the 1948 Israeli-Arab war as a direct consequence of Israeli aggression. He narrates in a voice-over:
"In 1948 when the State of Israel was founded, the Arab world revolted as Palestinians were expelled from their homes and force to flee in a blitz of fear and terror."
Not only was the war initiated by five neighboring Arab countries whose armies invaded the nascent State of Israel, but the vast majority of Palestinian refugees were not expelled. They fled, many times despite the urgings of their Jewish neighbors to stay. For example, those fleeing Haifa accounted for one-tenth of the Palestinian refugees and were typical of the majority. Historian Efraim Karsh described the circumstances of their departure from Haifa:

..in Haifa, one of the largest and most dramatic locales of the Palestinian exodus, not only had half the Arab community fled the city before the final battle was joined, but another 5,000 - 15,000 apparently left voluntarily during the fighting while the rest, some 15,000 - 25,000 souls, were ordered or bullied into leaving against their wishes, almost certainly on the instructions of the Arab Higher Committee. The crime was exclusively of Arab making. There was no Jewish grand design to force this departure, nor was there a psychological "blitz." To the contrary, both the Haifa Jewish leadership and the Hagana went to great lengths to convince the Arabs to stay." ( Commentary, July-August, 2000)

The filmmaker suggests, as well, that the 1967 war was a land grab, couched as a self-defensive measure. He states:
"In 1967, Palestinians once again fled their homes when Israel occupied the remaining 22% of Palestine, describing this as an act of self-defense."
Ignored entirely are the internationally recognized precipitants of the 1967 war- namely, the Egyptian-ordered withdrawal of the UN Emergency Force; the complete Egyptian naval blockade of Eilat, an act of war under international law; the virulent rhetoric calling for the destruction of Israel issuing from Cairo; Arab mobilization of forces, including the massing of 1000 tanks and 100,000 troops near Israel's border; Jordanian attack on Jerusalem, and so on.

Manipulating the words of Israel's late leaders, Pilger presents a distorted view of Zionist intentions and actions. He falsely claims that former leader Menachem Begin considered a massacre to be a splendid act of conquest and misrepresents a quote Moshe Dayan supposedly made upon his retirement. While these pronouncements, as quoted by Pilger, appear on several Marxist and anti-Israel Web sites, they are uncorroborated and indeed, contradicted elsewhere. According to Pilger, Dayan said that "Jewish places were built in the place of Arab villages and there is not one single place in the country that did not have a former Arab population." Had Pilger bothered to research the original quote, however, he would have discovered that it was made long before Dayan's retirement, to a group of Technion University students on March 19, 1969, and included the key phrase "...we purchased the land from Arabs and set up Jewish villages where there had once been Arab villages..." But Pilger apparently prefers to depend on recycled material - whether or not it is presented in context or supported by historical fact - as long as it paints Israel as villain.

In Pilgerspeak, Palestinian suicide bombings targeting Israeli civilians are "expressions of despair by powerless people against an oppressor armed with modern weapons;" while Israel's counter-terrorism military operations are "an attack on civilian life." Israel's security fence is "a Berlin wall," and Israeli settlements are "armed colonies" that "dominate and intimidate Palestinians," and are "illegal under international law." (In fact, ownership of the land and the legality of Jewish settlements are disputed, but there is no international law that prohibits Israel from building settlements in the West Bank.)

Much of the film consists of Palestinians accusing Israel of a wide variety of misdeeds - from cultural vandalism to causing the death of a newborn by refusing a pregnant mother entrance through a checkpoint to routine, systematic terrorism. Pilger guides the Palestinians through their stories, asking leading questions, and rephrasing their words for emphasis. No Israeli or IDF spokesman is interviewed to confirm, deny or provide any other perspective on the accusations. Instead Pilger rounds up Israeli spokespeople - Ilan Pappe, Yishai Rosen-Zvi, and Rami Elhanan - who represent the far fringe of Israeli society.

Ilan Pappe expresses support for imposing international sanctions on Israel.

Rami Elahanan blames Israel for creating Palestinian suicide bombers.

Ilan Pappe expresses his support for the dismantlement of Israel as a Jewish state and the imposition of international sanctions upon his country. Yishai Rosen-Zvi is one of the few identifiably Orthodox, skull-cap wearing Israeli draft resisters, itself a marginal group. And Rami Elhanan belongs to the fringe group (founded by Yitzchak Frankenthal and funded largely by the European Union) of bereaved parents who decry Israeli government policy and blame their tragedies not on the perpetrators of terrorist attacks, but on Israel for turning Palestinians into terrorists. In the film, Elhanan suggests that the Palestinian suicide bomber who killed his daughter was as much a victim as was she. "The boy whose mother was humiliated in the morning at the checkpoint will commit sui
cide in the evening," he declares in the film, demanding that Israel acknowledge its guilt. Pilger endorses these Israelis as "a group of courageous Israelis united [with Palestinians] in the oldest human struggle - to be free," and interviews them extensively.

Israelis who aren't in line with the filmmaker are granted far less time to present their perspectives and are little more than foils for Pilger's accusations. For example, a brief (5 minute) segment on Pilger's visit to a settlement includes two Israelis responding to his provocative questions, and is interspersed with Pilger's own commentary about supposed Israeli state terrorism and apartheid policies, as well as sarcastic comments about the motivation of settlers. The only high-ranking Israeli included is former Ambassador Dore Gold whom Pilger challenges on what he asserts is Israel's supposed practice of terrorism. The journalist uses an unsubstantiated, sensationalist anecdote to make his point. Providing no names, locations, or dates, Pilger recounts as an example of terrorism an Israeli sniper who supposedly targeted an elderly, cane-bearing, Palestinian woman on her way to receive chemotherapy. When Gold replies he has never heard of such an incident and expresses skepticism about Israeli soldiers deliberately targeting unarmed civilians, Pilger asserts bombastically: "That is what I just described. It did happen."

Presenting unsubstantiated and far-fetched allegations as self-evident truths is a tactic Pilger uses repeatedly in this film. For example, at one point, Pilger divulges that "there is now documented evidence that Palestinians had made an extraordinary offer to the Israelis by conceding even more of their land but this was not reported." Who made the offer? Where and when was it made? What exactly did the Palestinians concede? Why was it not reported? Pilger does not elaborate.

Given the severely skewed and overtly partisan nature of the film, it is no surprise that Britain's ITV which commissioned and aired the documentary, was inundated with complaints, including a protest by Michael Green, chairman of ITV's parent company, Carleton Communications. Green condemned the film as "one-sided, factually incorrect and historically inaccurate." Pilger, in response, launched a scathing attack on Mr. Green and a campaign to present himself as victim of a pro-Israel lobby trying to muzzle him because he "dared to tell the truth."

Britain's Independent Television Commission ( ITC ) rejected complaints against Pilger's film, "Palestine is Still the Issue," on the basis of the fact that Israelis, as well as Palestinians were interviewed. It was on the basis of this ruling and Pilger's vocal accusations of intimidation by a lobby group that some American PBS affiliates have recently begun to air the film. However, it is noteworthy that the ITC's criteria for "objectivity" and "impartiality" are very different than American standards. The ITC acknowledged in its ruling that it was not "a tribunal of fact" and that:

While the requirement of due impartiality applies to all areas of controversy covered by the Broadcasting Act, it does not "require absolute neutrality on every issue or detachment from fundamental democratic principles." It does not mean that "balance" is required in any simple mathematical sense or that equal time must be given to each opposing point of view...

To be sure, Pilger has his admirers. They naively celebrate his self-styled image as a maverick journalist combating the so-called Establishment to educate the public. Pilger has received an Ethnic Multiculturalism Media Award, a Sophie Award for "point[ing] to alternatives to the present development," and a Columbia International Film and Video Festival (Chris) Award, lauded by the judges for "going the extra mile to bring us the alternative truth."

As long as the voices of those who value "the alternative truth" are louder than those who value truth itself, Pilger's dangerous propaganda will continue to thrive.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Australian-born, London-based journalist and filmmaker John Pilger does not pretend to deliver an objective view of his subject matter. In fact, he scoffs at the whole notion of journalistic impartiality. "Impartiality and objectivity now mean the establishment point of view..." he declared derisively in a 2002 interview with the Progressive.

# data[].attributes.headline
Palestine is still the issue - John Pilger

# data[].attributes.subject
Palestine is still the issue - John Pilger

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
John Pilger: Palestine Is Still The Issue - Real Stories

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In 1977, the award-winning journalist and filmmaker, John Pilger, made a documentary called Palestine Is Still The Issue. He told how almost a million Palestinians had been forced off their land in 1948, and again in 1967.

# data[].attributes.body
In response to his film 'Palestine is still the Issue' John Pilger has been accused of sensationalist reporting, "presenting unsubstantiated and far-fetched allegations as self-evident truths." and that the film is "one-sided, factually incorrect and historically inaccurate."

Do you agree with this statement? Why/why not?

Write an analysis of the documentary to support your response, using at least two of the following sources (one from each section) for consultation.

300-350 words

NB: Make sure you put down what sources you used, below.

# data[].attributes.body
- Using the in-text links to explain how Prime Minister Menachem Begin and President Anwar Sadat viewed the possibility of peace between Israel and Egypt.
(1 paragraph each)

# data[].attributes.body
LEBANON. Beirut. In the Sabra and Chatila refugee camp, a Palestinian flag covers the communal pitgrave where are buried the victims of the Phalangist massacre perpetrated while the city was under Israeli occupation. 1982.

# data[].attributes.body
Lebanon. After the Sabra & Shatila massacre.

# data[].attributes.body
LEBANON. June 1982. Rashidiya/Lebanon. An Israeli army father meets up with his son, a conscript, during the Israeli Armed Forces invasion of Lebanon.

# data[].attributes.body
LEBANON. West Beirut. A frightened citizen who wanted to disclose an arms cache to the invading Israeli army is shut up by his panicked wife and children fearing retaliation.

# data[].attributes.body
How did the Yom Kippur War signify the end of formal armed conflict between Israel and its neighbouring states?

How did the Camp David Accords signal a shift in the Arab-Israeli conflict? Was it for the better?

How did the Lebanon War change the way Israel was viewed by the rest of the world?

(1 paragraph each)

# data[].attributes.headline
Yom Kippur War, Camp David Accords & Lebanon War

# data[].attributes.subject
Yom Kippur War, Camp David Accords & Lebanon War

# data[].attributes.body
02/09/16

# data[].attributes.body
"In general, one can say that Arab governments regarded the destruction of the State of Israel as a more pressing matter than the welfare of the Palestinian refugees. Palestinian bitterness and anger had to be kept alive."

- Prittie, Terence, and Bernard Dineen. The Double Exodus: A Study of Arab and Jewish Refugees in the Middle East. S.l: s.n, 1974.

Discuss this statement. Do you agree/disagree? Why?

NB: When elaborating, keep in mind that, as of September 2015, Jordan is the only Arab nation to allow Palestinian refugees to become citizens

http://www.irinnews.org/report/89571/middle-east-palestinian-refugee-numberswhereabouts

https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/6484/jordan-palestinians

http://www.middleeastpiece.com/arabrefugees_whystillhere.html#q5

# data[].attributes.body
Read page. 190-91.
- What event sparked the Israeli incursion into Lebanon?

- Why had the PLO moved their headquarters to Lebanon?

- Which organisation came to prominence in Lebanon during this time?

- Look at the photos below. What does each show us about the war?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Excellent background movie on the first lebanon War

# data[].attributes.body
Read page. 189.

take notes on the following

- When and where did the Camp David Accords take place?
- Who were the key players involved?

- What were the main goals for Accords?

- Were these achieved? Why/Why not?
(1 short paragraph)

- What were the reactions in Israel & Arab states to the accords?
Write a table highlighting views for and against.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Introduction doesn't load? Try refreshing the page or downloading Adobe Flash Player .

# data[].attributes.body
Read pages. 187-188

Questions:
- What made the Yom Kippur War different from previous Arab-Israeli armed conflicts?
(1 paragraph)

- How did the aftermath of the war affect the national psyche of Israel and Egypt?
(2 paragraphs)

# data[].attributes.body
A policy of expansion, generally of territory. Often implemented using their military or diplomatic force.

# data[].attributes.body
Military policy, focused on protecting a specific area of land or group of people.

# data[].attributes.headline
Look at the words in the box and use them to explain why the Jews were able to gain their independence.

# data[].attributes.subject
Look at the words in the box and use them to explain why the Jews were able to gain their independence.

# data[].attributes.body
US money
Second World War
Haganah
Disunity among enemies
Irgun/Stern
Immigration

# data[].attributes.headline
Discussion Question - At the end of Lesson. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Discussion Question - At the end of Lesson. 

# data[].attributes.body
- In what ways might the events of the War of Independence continue to affect Israeli-Palestinian relations into the future?

# data[].attributes.body
1. What was the reaction of the Jews and Arabs in Palestine to the UN Partition Plan?

2.  Which city did both sides want to occupy? Why was this?

3.  What was Plan Dalet and was it defensive or expansionist? Why?

4. Which countries invaded Israel the day after it declared independence in 1948? Why did they do so?

5.  What problems faced the Arab invaders?

6. How many Palestinians fled or were forced to leave the region?

7. Were Jews in neighbouring countries forced to leave and flee to Israel? If so, how many?

8. Following the end of the War of Independence, which country/countries controlled the proposed Palestinian territories? (The Gaza Strip, The West Bank etc.) What did the Palestinians feel about this?

# data[].attributes.body
Watch Documentary:
until 4:26

Answer the Questions in pairs, in your notebooks.

Following this, use your question answers and further research to write a paragraph response on each of the following questions:

- If you were Israeli, how might you feel about the creation of the state of Israel and the war that began the next day?

- If you were Palestinian, how might you feel about the creation of the state of Israel and the war that began the next day?

Refer to specific events that occurred both prior to, and during the War of Independence.
i.e. King David Hotel Bombing,

# data[].attributes.body
Immigration 1918-1939

# data[].attributes.body
Arab Revolt

# data[].attributes.body
British White Paper

# data[].attributes.body
Jewish Insurgency

# data[].attributes.body
UN Partition Plan

# data[].attributes.body
Post-WWII

# data[].attributes.body
Here is the completed table (collated from all of your work).

Use this to help complete the homework task

# data[].attributes.body
Anti-Jewish prejudice, discrimination and persecution.

# data[].attributes.body
Nationalist movement desiring the creation of a ‘fatherland’ for the Arab peoples.

# data[].attributes.body
A nationalist movement that sought to establish a homeland for the Jewish people.

# data[].attributes.body
The belief that nations have the right to self-rule; a belief system that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a nation

# data[].attributes.body
the dispersion or spread of any people from their original homeland.

Traditionally, used to denote the population of Jews living outside of Palestine.

# data[].attributes.body
- What was the Partition Plan?
- Why did the UN propose the plan?
- How did the UN Partition Plan seek to address the tensions in the Palestine Mandate?

# data[].attributes.body
- Who were the key groups involved in the Jewish insurgency in Palestine?
- What were their methods of insurgency against the British?

# data[].attributes.headline
Jews in Europe after WWII and the Holocaust

# data[].attributes.subject
Jews in Europe after WWII and the Holocaust

# data[].attributes.body
- What was the situation for Jews in Europe directly after WWII and the Holocaust?
- How did this affect Zionist ideas?

# data[].attributes.headline
The British White Paper on Jewish Immigration into Palestine

# data[].attributes.subject
The British White Paper on Jewish Immigration into Palestine

# data[].attributes.body
- What was the 'White Paper' in response to?
- What was its purpose?
- List three arguments for or against

# data[].attributes.body
- What were the key events of the Revolt?
- In what ways did it affect Arab-Jewish relations in Palestine?

# data[].attributes.headline
Jewish Immigration to Palestine, 1918-1939

# data[].attributes.subject
Jewish Immigration to Palestine, 1918-1939

# data[].attributes.body
- How many came?
- Why did they come?
- How did Palestinians and Jews already living in Palestine respond?

# data[].attributes.body
Pick one of the following events to research:

- Jewish immigration to Palestine, 1918-1939

- The Arab Revolt

- The British White Paper

- Jews in Europe after WWII and the Holocaust

- The Jewish Insurgency,

- The UN Partition Plan for Palestine

Use your textbook, as well as, as well as your own research in class, to answer the following in your book:

"What was the situation for Jews and Arabs in Palestine between 1918 and 1948?"

Write 1 to 1 & a half pages.
Hand in hard copy in class Friday.

Make sure to reference textbook pages, and specific internet resources and websites.

# data[].attributes.headline
Crash Course - Israel-Palestine Conflict

# data[].attributes.subject
Crash Course - Israel-Palestine Conflict

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Conflict in Israel and Palestine through 2015: Crash Course World History #223