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Liberalism and Nationalism began to break through the conservative domination of Europe. In France, liberals overthrew the Bourbon monarch Charles X in 1830 and established a constitutional monarchy.

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Nationalism arose when people began to identify themselves as part of a community defined by a distinctive language, common institution, and customs. Nationalism was a threat to the existing political order

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Liberalism is a political philosophy that grew out of the Enlightenment. Liberalism held that people should be as free as possible from government restraint.

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According to this principle, the great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones.

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Conservatism is based on tradition and a belief in the value of social stability. Conservatives hated revolutions and were unwilling to accept demands from people who wanted either individual rights or representative governments

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The great powers rearranged territories in Europe, believing that this would form a new balance of power. The powers at Vienna wanted to keep any one country from dominating Europe. This meant balancing political and military forces.

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The victors were part of the congress, they met in Vienna and Klemens Von Metternich was the leader

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After Napoleon's defeat, the victors met and redrew the map of Europe. European rulers also moved to restore the old power