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Thomas Hooker was a pastor who came to America in 1633, landing in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He disagreed with the rules in the Bay Colony that restricted voting rights to members of the church. Hooker believed that all people should be able to have a say in who was elected leader, regardless of their religious views.

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The Separatists were a strict Puritan sect within English Protestantism. United by their dislike of the Church of England, the Separatists wanted to either do away with the Church or sever all ties with it.

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Roger Williams was an English colonist who founded the colony of Rhode Island. He was born in England and came to America in 1631.

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Peter Stuyvesant was the son of a Calvinist minister and a director in the Dutch West India Company. In 1645, he was named Director General of all Dutch colonies in North America and the Caribbean.

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John Rolfe was a colonial official and planter who played a vital role in the economic success of the Jamestown colony.

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Like many other early American colonists, Anne Hutchinson was born in England. She came to America in 1634 and settled with her husband and children in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Hutchinson had her own beliefs about religion.

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The Virginia Company was the English company that founded the colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.

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A staple crop is a crop that is most commonly grown in a particular region. Staple crops can be food sources that are used to feed a great number of people, such as rice in China.

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The term Protestant Church refers to several different sects of Christianity that began to split off from the Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation, which took place in the 1500s.

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a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons.

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The most important economic rationale for Mercantilism in the sixteenth century was the consolidation of the regional power centers.

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The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony.

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he Massachusetts Bay Colony was an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

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a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.

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Dutch West India Company was a chartered company of Dutch merchants as well as foreign investors.

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a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee.

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A Colony is an area of land or a settlement that is ruled by another country.

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The Church of England has been the official church in England for about 450 years.

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The native cowboys were called vaqueros(from the Spanish word for cow) and developed roping skills, using braided rawhide reatas (the root word for lariat).

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Amultilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another.

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Transatlantic slave trade, segment of the global slave trade that transported between 10 million and 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century.

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The action of buying and selling goods and services.

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An important assignment carried out for political, religious, or commercial purposes, typically involving travel.

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The sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.

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Indenture servantsIn The U.S. ... servants  typically worked four to seven years in exchange for passage, room, board, lodging and freedom dues.

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epidemic  is
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

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environment is the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.

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encomienda is a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.

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Conquistador is a term used to refer to the soldiers and empire in a general sense.

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The caravel was a small sailing ship developed in the 15th century to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean.

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a quadrant is a device or mechanical part shaped like or suggestive of the quadrant of a circle

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A patron supports someone or something. A patron of a business supports the business by being a loyal customer.

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Northwest Passage, historical sea passage of the North American continent. It represents centuries of effort to find a route westward from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Archipelago of what became Canada.

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an open rebellion against the proper authorities, especially by soldiers or sailors against their officers.

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a lateen sail is a triangular fore-and-aft sail used especially in the Mediterranean

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a expedition is a setting forth of the meaning or purpose (as of a writing)

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circumnavigation is traveling around something (by ship or plane)

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Conquistadors is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.

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An astrolabe is an ancient instrument used for estimating the altitude and predicting the position of the objects, such as the moon, other planets, and stars.

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A compass is a device that indicates direction. It is one of the most important instruments for navigation.

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A longhouse was a type of home that a number of different Native American tribes built, especially tribes who lived in the forests of the Northeast

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a chamber, built wholly or partly underground, used by male Pueblo Indians for religious rites.

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a chamber, built wholly or partly underground, used by male Pueblo Indians for religious rites.

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A totem is a guardian or ancestor that watches over people.

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A totem is a guardian or ancestor that watches over people.

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A tepee was a cone-shaped tent used by some Native American groups for shelter. 

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A tepee was a cone-shaped tent used by some Native American groups for shelter. 

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Pueblo comes from the Spanish word for “village.

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Pueblo comes from the Spanish word for “village.

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Natural resources are substances, materials, and living things that occur on or within the earth and that have economic value.

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Natural resources are substances, materials, and living things that occur on or within the earth and that have economic value.

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The Iroquois League was a confederation of five Indian nations, including the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. The Tuscarora joined the confederation in 1722. They had migrated from North Carolina to New York

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The Iroquois League was a confederation of five Indian nations, including the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. The Tuscarora joined the confederation in 1722. They had migrated from North Carolina to New York

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An empire is a large group of territories and people who are ruled by a single sovereign leader or nation.

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An empire is a large group of territories and people who are ruled by a single sovereign leader or nation.

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Algonquian is the name of a family of Northeast Native American languages.

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Algonquian is the name of a family of Northeast Native American languages.

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counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.

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an alteration of or addition to a motion, bill, constitution, etc.

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1. a formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United States, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1–10, and in all state constitutions.

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to confirm by expressing consent, approval, or formal sanction

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settlement of differences by arbitration or by consent reached by mutual concessions

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constitution is a set of rules that guides how a country, state, or other political organization works.

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The system of rules and the people who make and administer them is known as a government.