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the strength of the relationship linking the members to one another and to the group itself; that is, cohesiveness corresponds to the extent to which individuals feel a strong identification with their group.

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the last stage of a group’s life, which is an emotionally loaded period for most educational groups. This is a time to process the feeling of loss, to summarize and evaluate what the group has achieved and to conclude any unfinished business.

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involves the balanced, cohesive group in action, doing what it has been set up for. This is the work-phase, characterized by decreased emotionality and an increase in co-operation and task orientation.

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the group formation phase is usually followed by a rugged transition period for the group to work through, in which differences and conflicts become common, but a new awareness of standards and share values emerges.

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the initial developmental stage of class groups, in which a group are arranged to form a pattern or shape. Development proceeds rapidly and much structuring and organization occurs in this period. Students may experience unpleasant feelings of anxiety, uncertainty and a lack of confidence in this period.

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a dimension reflects the learner’s overall affective orientation to the learning task. Specifically, group properties such as structure, composition, cohesiveness, climate, norms, roles and interaction patterns strongly influence L2 leaning process.

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群体动力学

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Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group ( intragroup dynamics), or between social groups ( intergroup dynamics). The study of group dynamics can be useful in understanding decision-making behaviour, tracking the spread of diseases in society, creating effective therapy techniques, and following the emergence and popularity of new ideas and technologies.

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Is this link related to linguistics?

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Metacognition is " cognition about cognition", " thinking about thinking", " knowing about knowing", becoming "aware of one's awareness" and higher-order thinking skills. The term comes from the root word , meaning "beyond". Metacognition can take many forms; it includes knowledge about when and how to use particular strategies for learning or for problem-solving.