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My character: Edward Hammond.
Edward is a Texan detective in his early 50's. he's got auburn hair, sweet brown eyes, a pointy aquiline nose and a narrow mouth. He's a medium-height skinny man. He's got a beautiful wife, Jane, and two kids, Benjamin and Sophia.
Edward's greatest characteristic is his altruism and his sense of justice. he's also the loyalest friend anyone will ever meet and always up to help the ones in need. His greatest flaw is that he has some sort of superhero syndrome that makes him try to help everybody - which causes him to get involved in some really bad situations just to help others.  Eddie is an introvert and a very responsible guy. He's proud of the family he built and would protect his loved ones at all costs.

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Questions:

1.      What is the general idea expressed in the text?
A: How climate change affects negatively several parts of the planet

2.      Which headlines would you use for the paragraphs from 3 to 10? Use the blanks in the text to type your answers.
A: In the file

3.      Identify and highlight all the occurrences of the following modal verbs in the text: can, could, would, may, will.
A: In the file

4.      Choose two sentences with each modal verb and explain their meanings in the context.
“Some locations will get more snow, others will see less rain.” - Affirmative, will happen to have more snow and less rain.

“Changes in precipitation patterns and the influx of fresh water into the oceans from melting ice can alter salinity.” - Maybe ice can alter salinity.

“It can be increased by continued emissions of greenhouse gases.” - Maybe emissions of greenhouse gases can be increased.

“Acidification of the oceans could also disrupt marine life” - May happen que acidification of the oceans.

“Such a collapse could lead to dramatic changes in sea level” - May happen an collapse can changes in sea level.

“(...) the transfer of heat in the climate system would be altered in a huge way.” - If this other thing happen, the climate system may be altered.

“Today, the ocean is absorbing CO2 that would otherwise stay in the atmosphere.” - If ocean didn’t absorve the CO2, atmosphere would.

“More acidic ocean water may cause problems for marine organisms.” - If this change, maybe won’t have more acidic in the ocean water.

“Although there may not be more tropical cyclones worldwide in the future” - Maybe won’t have anymore tropical cyclones.

5.      In your opinion, why does the author use a lot of modal verbs in this text? What does the theme discussed has to do with this kind of verb?
A: Once the author wants to raise awareness on global issues and corroborates his sayings with scientific data, it makes sense to use modal verbs to describe the actions hence no one is ACTUALLY sure of what's going to happen and modal verbs provide a vast range of possibility and probability.

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1) Vocabulary:

A) Identify and highlight the following words in the text. Then, explain their meanings inside the context. You may use a dictionary to help you.

· two-fold - two parts, two steps

· woes - economic problems

· landlocked - land surrounded by other lands

· pipeline - underground tubes

B) Highlight and list other unknown words from the text. Then, explain their meanings inside the context.

A: Sorry but I couldn’t find more

2) Grammar:

A) Identify and highlight the modal verbs in the text. List all the sentences that use these verbs and explain their meanings in each one.

“Alberta will have a carbon tax”

“Alberta’s economic woes are due to the stalled construction work on pipelines that would have moved oil from this landlocked province to the coasts.”

“How should we assess the state of climate policy on Earth Day?”

“Climate leaders should explore different policy instruments at local (...)

“They must show a strong commitment to developing a bipartisan plan”

“Climate policy must be re-framed to address local issues”

B) Identify and highlight the verbs in the present perfect. List all the sentences that use this verb tense and explain why these verbs are used in each one.

“The pro-climate Labor party has promised not to introduce the carbon tax.”

“The Canadian government has enacted a federal carbon tax (...)”

“The carbon tax has emerged as a symbol of climate elitism”

“But these pledges have provoked Phase 2 of the yellow vests protests”

“Marie- Antoinette: they do not have bread, so give them a cathedral”

“(...) the carbon tax initiatives have suffered two successive defeats in 2016 and 2018”

“(...) which applies to provinces that do not have their own carbon tax”

“Alberta’s economic woes are due to the stalled construction work on pipelines that would have moved oil from this landlocked (...)Alberta’s economic woes are due to the stalled construction work on pipelines that would have moved oil from this landlocked

3) Reading Comprehension

A) What are the yellow vests protests mentioned in the text? Why do they oppose to the donations made to recover the cathedral?

A: The yellow vests are protesters and the protest started because the money wasn't supposed to go to the cathedral but to help the ones in need

B) What is the carbon tax? What was the Canadian Conservative Party’s position towards this tax, in Alberta (Canadian Province)?

A:  A tax levied on the carbon content of fuels. Canadian Conservative Party’s idea is to abolish the provincial carbon tax.

C) Explain the excerpt taken from the text: The 21st-century French ruling class (which benefited from Macron’s corporate tax cuts) seems as dismissive of the masses as was Marie-Antoinette: they do not have bread, so give them a cathedral. Which historical event does the sentence in bold refer to?

A: Marie Antoinette’s unpopularity that led her to the french revolution

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Grammar:

1) Identify and build a list of examples of sentences taken from the text that use:

a) Present Perfect
"has been covered"

"Had been rudely interrupted"

"Has remained a popular song today"

"Have been doing"

"Have been lost through the years"

b) Modal Verbs
"The lyrics may have been lost (...)"

"They personally couldn't related to many other (...)"

"They could still related to the chorus."

Reading Comprehension:

1) What are the main themes of Big Yellow Taxi, according to the text?
A: Environmental issues, globalization, deforestation.

2) What are the places mentioned by the song? Is any of them related to environment protection? Which relation is this?

A: A parking lot and Hawaii. Hawaii is related to environment protection due to its natural beauties that must be preserved

3) What is D.D.T. and which are the consequences of using this substance?
A: DDT is Dechloro-diphenyl-trichlorethane, was used by farmers and causes negative effects in birds like eagles and osprey, affecting an entire ecosystem.

4) According to the writer’s opinion, why was the song so popular by the time it was composed? Were the environmental issues the main message understood by everyone?

A: The song became popular due to the environmental cause behind it, she was writing about something that concerned everybody.

5) Can you name other art pieces (songs; paintings; movies etc.) that talk about the environment and/or are eco-friendly? Choose two examples and explain briefly about them.
A: Disney's Send it on environmental campaign in which performers such as Miley Cyrus, Jonas Brothers and Selena Gomez raised children's awareness on protecting the environment.

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A) Read the situations and write sentences. Use the following verbs in the present perfect: arrive; break; fall; go up; grow; improve; lose.

1. Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.

Tom has lost his keys.

2. Lisa can’t walk and her leg is in plaster.

A: Lisa hasn’t been able to walk because her legs are in plaster. She has broken her legs.

3. Last week the bus fare was £1.80. Now it is £2.

A: The price has gotten up

4. Maria’s English wasn't very good. Now it is better.

A: Maria’s English has improved.

5. Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard.

A: Dan’s beard has grown

6. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it.

A: The letter has arrived.

7. The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it is only 12.

A: The temperature has fallen

B) Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.

1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, ‘Would you like something to eat?'

You say: No, thank you. I’ve just had lunch. (have lunch)

2. Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, 'Can I speak to Joe?’

You say: I'm afraid he has already gotten out. Would you like to leave a message?

3. You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.

You say: Wait a minute! I haven’t finished yet!

4. You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You phoned to reserve a table. Later your friend says, ‘Shall I phone to reserve a table?'

You say: No, I’ve already done it because I’m efficient, you dork.

5. You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful.

Ask her. Have you found a place yet? (find)

6. You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, ‘Where are you going for your holiday?'

You say:
Bitch, I haven’t decided yet!

7. Linda went shopping, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, ‘Is Linda still out shopping?'

You say: No, she has already came back

C) Ask people about things they have done. Write questions with ever.

1 (ride / horse?) Have you ever ridden a horse?

2 (be / California?) Have you ever been to California?

3 (run / marathon?) Have you ever ran a marathon?

4 (speak / famous person?) Have you ever spoken to a famous person?

5 (most beautiful place / visit?) What's  the most beautiful place you’ve ever visited?

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Read the excerpts of the text and answer the questions proposed.

1. Where are those accents spoken?
A: Some parts if the United Kingdom such as Birmingham, Whales, West Britain, Northern Ireland and etc.

2. What are the reasons why those accents are not “welcome”?
A: Those accents are not in a power position - a privilege that  a standard english has.

3. What is linguistic prejudice? How does the text relate this concept to the Brummie accent?
A: It is when people suffer from prejudices just because Ignacio their accent or lack of opportunities to study due to the power relationships stablished in our society.

4. List some linguistic characteristics of each dialect.
According to the text those who speaks the Brummie Accent “have a tendency to end sentences in a downbeat or a lower octave, which may be interpreted as less attractive to a listener.” and “is viewed as a monotonously nasal accent that is simply miserable and many think it is just plain ugly to hear.”. Then you have those who speaks with the Cockney Accent, the accent according to the text: “Its popularity grew as the use of the dialect was incorporated into the art world. It has been seen in the literary arts as well as in stage plays and possibly even songs.”

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Part 1 – Reading Comprehension

1) According to the text, what are the American and British attitudes towards other cultures?
A: They refuse to speak other languages due to the fact they consider English more important and acknowledge that their mother language is the most powerful language in our current society.

2) What is the relation established by the text between language acquisition and labour market?
A: Some Students believe that they will only be valued by the market if they have perfect English, while the truth is that the more languages you speak, more chances you have to please the demand so of the globalized  market

3) Explain the sentence taken from the text: “To acquire another language is to open yourself up to the world and to increase vastly your employability.”

A: Language acquisition also means increasing your cultural background and having the opportunity to work, study and live abroad - which might help you get a job easier.

Part 2 – Grammar

Highlight in the text:

a) the linking words (for example, but);

A: Ever since, but, even, which, thus, and, however, though...

b) the verbs in the Present Perfect tense;
A: "there has been a marked drop" / "has written in these pages"/ "has to build, has to trade and has to be open"

c) the modal verbs
A: Could, should, can, must, would

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Oral interview with Natália Nogueira

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Bob Marley once stated that “The greatness of a man is not in how much wealth he acquires, but in his integrity and his ability to affect those around him positively”.

The following story is about someone who learned the meaning of that quote at an early age, and still has no clue of her own greatness.

Natália Sgariboldi Nogueira was born on april 3rd, 1999 in Santa Barbara D’Oeste, a town too small for her potential, but big enough to fit a large amount of marvelous people. She came to this world during the Easter holiday season, which is perfect if we consider how kind and sweet she is. Her parents, Sandra and Claudio were thrilled to introduce their baby girl to their large family, and all of her cousins, aunts, uncles fell in love with her instantly.

Natalia and her older brother, João Luiz, grew up surrounded by happiness, love and a lot of chocolate. Thanks to a lot of hard work, their parents managed to open a cafeteria in 1983 that produces its own chocolate and became Natalia’s passion across the years. She recalls that she used to spend most of her afternoons around Café Nice playing with her brother. Her mother had to always keep one eye on the children and the other at the service, since she had to split her time between being a mom and serving the customers. Her father worked a lot as well, delivering their freshly produced chocolates to other cities. Though their routine was tiring and demanding, Nat and her parents managed to spend time together and to build a very strong bond as a family. Besides being close to her parents and brother, Natalia also worried about having a nice relationship with her extended family.

When she couldn't be found at the Cafe, it was because she was hanging out with some of her aunts and cousins. Nat has great memories in her aunts and grandparents’ houses because they were always full of people and had a joyful energy that grown ups rarely have.

Growing up around lots of different people inspired Natalia very much in an artistic way. Her cousins Cesar, Daniel and Paula loved drawing, her uncle Leonil had a massive vinyl discs collection, and her cousin Eduardo was building a large collection of Cds. Nat was highly influenced by all of that, but the thing she most loved was aunt Marci’s vast book collection.

She used to spend lots of afternoons at aunt Marci’s house reading her books. In a short amount of time, she had not only read them all but also borrowed some with her aunt Jandira and her cousin Katia!

Natalia says that her “passion for the arts happened gradually and effectively”

By the time she was 10, she had her own (full) bookshelf. Her passion for books called the attention of her favorite teacher, Concilia, who teaches portuguese in Santa Barbara, and was impressed by the way Natalia used to write her compositions. She described Nat’s writing as “poetic”, and always tried to motivate her student to write other things for fun.

Teacher Concilia’s advice ended up fitting like a glove, hence her friend Fabio had introduced her to the Fanfic Universe in that same year. Inspired, she decided to start her own fanfics at the age 11.

In 2012, Natalia fell in love with a girl band called Fifth Harmony. Inspired by the girls’ talent, she began a Fanfic about them and became a successful writer on Wattpad.

Fifth Harmony fans went crazy with the stories and begged for more chapters. The stories were simple to read, beautiful and established some kind of rapport with the public. What Natalia didn’t expect was that she would find herself with her own stories as well.

While writing her stories (nowadays there are 11, full of chapters) she discovered herself a bissexual and finding that caused a lot of suffering and internal conflicts.

Her father and her brother, two very conservative men, wouldn’t accept the news about her sexuality nicely. Also, society in general is very reluctant with the LGBTQ+ community and it is not a secret that they are surrounded by prejudice of all kinds. Bissexualism itself has its own special share of haters, once the adepts are considered confused about their “taste” and promiscuous.

Knowing the obstacles she would face by assuming her sexuality, she developed strong anxiety crisis and depression. Her stories helped her to get to know herself better, but they didn’t seem to help Natalia to accept her true self.

In 2017, Nat started a psychological treatment that made her realize she was more reluctant with herself than she had thought. She denied not only her sexuality, but also her desire to become a writer and a teacher. Involved in a tornado of insecurities, her therapist suggested that she started to write poems to express her feelings and exteriorize her fears. By the End of the year she had reached the mark of 10.000 followers on Wattpad and had written enough poems to release her own book.

In 2018, Natalia decided to embrace her talent and happily started the Letters course at PUC-Campinas. A publisher was also intrigued and impressed by her work and decided to turn her poems into a book.

Nowadays, she still can’t seem to accept the wonderful human being she has become. She works long hours at their parents Cafe and still manage to be a good college student and write poems and fanfics. Natalia has a long distance girlfriend, Raissa, but only her friends know about her due to her insecurity. Both her girlfriend and her friends love her very much and hope that one day she’ll look at the mirror and realize how fantastic she is.

Nat is powerful, loving, caring, and the best friend someone could possibly ask for.

In the beginning of this story, I quoted Bob Marley. His quote matches perfectly with Natalia’s life path. She is great. Great because in the sweetest way she affected our lives with pure love and companionship. Great because she inspires us to be our best selves and to believe that our dreams are possible. She is great because her words comfort thousands of young lonely people around the world.

She is great because she is who she is.

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List of regular verbs:

/t/

(Voiceless)

1. Washed

2. Watched

3. Laughed

4. Breathed

5. Kissed

6. Fixed

7. Looked

8. Helped

9. Crashed

10. Booked

/d/

(Voiced)

1. Collided

2. Travelled

3. Loved

4. Used

5. Claimed

6. Called

7. Offered

8. Listened

9. Remembered

10. Moved

/Id/

1. Wanted

2. Started

3. Needed

4. Greeted

5. Landed

6. Visited

7. Spotted

8. Floated

9. Planted

10. Sorted

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I was born on October 10th, 1997. 1997, was considered by some such a legendary year due to some remarkable events that took place at the time.

In Brazil, the Pope João Paulo II made his last appearance in Brazilian lands, followed shortly after by the USA President back then, Bill Clinton. In sports, we were celebrating Guga’s triumphant tribute at the Grand Slam Tennis Championship and Brazil’s victory in both America and Confederation soccer Cups. In politics, the amendment that states the possibility for presidential candidates to run for a second term was approved by the President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC), which led to his reelection in 98.

Worldwide, a great amount of facts contributed to the technological area, such as the successful born of Dolly the sheep (world`s first cloned living being), the release of the base version for Wi-Fi technology, and the victorious landing of NASA’s space probe on Mars.

Crucial decisions that make the world as we see it today were also made in 97. Some of which are the Steve Job’s return to the Apple Inc. headquarters and the adhesion of The Kyoto Protocol (which established a global legal framework on climate change) by the United Nations committee. Also, divorce became legal in Ireland and some other traditional countries; a huge step forward to human and civil rights.

In entertainment, some paramount events also took place in that year. The movie “Titanic” had its debut on the silver screens, and became one of the most acclaimed movies of all time - hence it got 14 nominations to the Oscars and was awarded with 11 statuettes in 98’s Academy Awards. The movie was not only a bona fide award magnet because of its plot and visual effects, but also because of its music. Céline Dion, who performed the eternal “My heart will go on” for the movie, became the second female artist in history to have sung a movie theme that turned into a best – selling single.

Despite Titanic’s massive success, the winner of the Best Picture statuette from the Oscar’s ceremony in 97 was “The English Patient”, which also ended up sweeping the board at the Awards by winning 9 out the 11 nominations. What a great period for movies, right?

Even though some people affirm that movies were the sensation of the year, it is impossible to forget the remarkable victory of Katrina & The Waves at the Eurovision song contest. It was the last time UK has won the prize, but their achievement shall always be remembered thanks to the single “Walking on sunshine” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-87SJXMpRfE ), that was launched in 83 but conquered the ears of the world in 97. Other epic songs also became a hit in the Billboard chart that year. Among them , we can mention Elton John’s “ Candle in the Wind ”, Toni Braxton’s “ Un-break my heart ”, R. Kelly’s “ I believe I can fly ” and the iconic hit “ Wannabe ” sung by the Spice Girls.

Television was also granted with the debut of the Teletubbies in the US, Pokémon in Tokyo. Both shows quickly grew popular in global scale.

1997 was also the year when the first Harry Potter book was published. Experts in the field never considered the saga as “truthful literature” like Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings, but it is a fact that the series of books inspired many readers and writers worldwide and is the most lucrative book saga of all times. The author, J.K. Rowling, built a fortune that overcomes Queen Elizabeth’s possessions.

Other kinds of publications made history at the time. The Sports Illustrated magazine was the first one to feature a black woman alone in the cover. The model chosen was Tyra Banks. The Silver Fox George Clooney (not so silver back then) also stamped some magazine covers as the Sexiest man alive.

Despite many glorious events that surrounded 1997, some sad events occurred and overcastted the bright light of such an amazing year. Among the gloomy episodes, we can mention Princess Diana’s tragic (and suspicious) car accident, and the deaths of Mother Teresa from Calcutta, Gianni Versace and Paulo Freire.

In general, the year I was born was exciting and amazing, and even though I listed some major events here, I’m pretty sure that my mom thinks the most important one was my arrival.

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Activity about quantifiers

1. Retell the scene using the verbs below in the Simple Past.

The story __began___ with a man looking at an address written in a match box. He ___checked___ the address and ___passed___ the information to another man, who was waiting for him. This man __climbed ____ the building up the second floor where a man ___lived___. He __watched over____the man inside through the windows. Inside the house, the resident ____went____ to the kitchen and ___picked up___ a bottle of whisky which ___was___ inside the oven. The man __poured___ a drink but ___was___aware that something ___was___ happening. Meanwhile the burglar __got into___the house through the window of the bathroom. The resident __suspected____ that someone __was____ in. So he ___turned back___and __checked___ if the door opposite the bathroom ____was____ locked. The housebreaker ___followed___ him with his eyes but the man _ran away_using a corridor behind. The burglar ___pursued___him but he couldn´t find the man. However, when he _walked back_the resident ____appeared__ in his living room managing an old record player. The burglar __approached___ him with a knife but the man ___pulled out____a gun and __ran after__ the burglar cursing him with the gun __pointed at__him. So the burglar ___ran away___desperately and the man ___laughed____.

be (5x) – pour - begin – check (2x) – pass – climb – live – watch over – go - suspect - go into – pick up – walk back – follow – run away (2x )- run after – turn back – appear – approach – pull out – pursue – point at –laugh.

2. Watch it again and then complete the blanks with one of these prepositions: ON - IN - OVER - UNDER - THROUGH - AT - BEHIND - IN THE MIDDLE OF - BETWEEN 1. He kept a bottle of whiskey IN the white oven. 2. The mirror was ON the bathroom wall. 3. The mirror was OVER the sink. 4. There were some cookie jars UNDER the kitchen shelf. 5. There were some stairs BEHIND the kitchen door. 6. There was a dishtowel hanging ON the kitchen wall. 7. The intruder was looking THROUGH the window glass. 8. The owner of the house lived ON the first floor. He lived ON Racine Avenue. His apartment was AT 1634 Racine Avenue, Chicago. 9. There was a table and chairs IN THE MIDDLE OF the dining room. 10. The men saw each other the corridor.

QUANTIFIERS: COUNTABLE X NONCOUNTABLE

1. WRITE THE QUANTIFIERS BELOW IN THE CORRECT COLUMN.

A LITTLE NO A LARGE AMOUNT OF ANY

A LOT OF A FEW A GREAT DEAL OF NOT ANY

A LARGE NUMBER OF LOTS OF A NUMBER OF SEVERAL

SOME NONE A BIT PLENTY OF

1. QUANTIFIERS WITH UNCOUNT. 2. QUANTIFIERS WITH BOTH (COUNT/ UNCOUNT) 3. QUANTIFIERS WITH COUNT.

A LARGE AMOUNT OF

A GREAT DEAL OF

A LITTLE

A BIT OF

NONE/NO ANY/ NOT ANY A LOT OF LOTS OF PLENTY OF SOME A FEW A NUMBER OF SEVERAL LARGE NUMBER OF

2. NOW WATCH THE SEGMENT AND FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH ONE OF THE QUANTIFIERS ABOVE, ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THE MOVIE.

TO MAKE THE PANCAKES, HE POURED ____SOME____ FLOUR, AND _A FEW_ EGGS. THEY LET ___A BIT OF___ (FLOUR) ALL OVER THE KITCHEN TABLE. THEY MELTED ____A SMALL AMOUNT OF_____ BUTTER AND FRIED ___A NUMBER OF__ PANCAKES. SHE POURED __A GREAT DEAL OF__ CHOCOLATE SYRUP, __PLENTY OF__ HOT SAUCE, ____A LARGE AMOUNT OF_____ KETCHUP, AND __LOTS OF___ MUSTARD ON THE PANCAKES. AT THE END OF THE SCENE, SHE CHARGED HIM ____A LOT OF____ MONEY FOR THE PANCAKES.

HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=-33ALWU0ALM

3. DOES YOUR SCHOOLMATE HAVE A GOOD MEMORY? FORMULATE SOME QUESTIONS FROM THE FILM USING THE SIMPLE PAST. EXAMPLES:

DID THE MAN EAT THE PANCAKE? NO, HE DIDN´T.

HOW MUCH WAS THE BILL? IT WAS U$400,000.

WHAT DID THE GIRL POUR ON THE PANCAKES?

DID THE FATHER EAT THE PANCAKES?

WERE THE PANCAKES BURNT?

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My personal hero is not a fictional character or an important celebrity. She’s what many people would (wrongly) call ordinary, or even “just a teacher”. Eliane Fernandes Azzari is the youngest out of seven children. She grew up in a large family, and proved herself a very intelligent child. Her parents didn’t have loads of money, but she had the opportunity to study in good schools with the help of scholarships. With a lot of hard work she was accepted in USP right after finishing High School. Eliane didn’t want to become a teacher (LOL, right?) and focused on becoming a translator. Despite considering USP an incredible university, she fell in love with PUC’s course, and decided that USP was not where she belonged. Turns out that her family was not happy at all with Eliane’s choice of leaving USP for PUC - mostly because it wasn’t affordable. In order to follow her dreams, she WORKED REALLY HARD to pay for college, and successfully graduated. She got married shortly after her graduation and got pregnant during her honeymoon. Despite becoming a mom relatively early for nowadays parameters, motherhood didn’t get in the way of her pursue for a master and a doctorate degree. Actually, Eliane finished her doctorate in only 3 years - a remarkable victory for someone who had to work 40 hours per week, publish articles and take care of a family simultaneously. Her articles are incredible and she’s very experienced in what she does. She’s been a teacher for 32 years and inspired many people so far (including me). The reason why I admire her so much and see her as one of my personal heroes is not only due to the professional achievements previously mentioned, but mostly because she has one of the greatest hearts I’ve ever seen. She’s always there for me when I need her. Whenever I have an urge to talk about my problems or feel like I need an advice, a sweet text message or a maternal hug, ​I know her arms will always be open to comfort me. Azzari (or Li, as I call her now) works a bunch and has her own family to take care of but, somehow, she is able to leave all of her worries and struggles behind for a while if you need her help. She is a FANTASTIC​ person and an even more fantastic friend and teacher. Her classes are as amazing as she is, and it is wonderful to see how much she values teamwork, her students’ well-being and how contextualized, relevant and fun her lessons are. I also admire the fact that she’s a 50 year-old woman who knows more about technology than any of us. Her energy, and the fact that she’s very modern are two important factors to mention when we’re talking about Azzari, as well. I’m often amused by the way she knows the latest songs and trends, and it’s fascinating to see how she uses social media as an extension of her job. Personally, I learn A LOT from her Facebook posts and conversations on WhatsApp. If I wanted, I could talk about how much I admire her all day long. And, she would probably be mad at me because of it, since she keeps telling me to not put her on a pedestal where she could fall from due to the high expectations and idealizations I might be putting on her. Though I understand this a is logic, rational and mature position, at the same time, I don’t care. I’m aware of the fact that human beings are incapable of being perfect (actually “perfection” is a very subjective matter), and I know she has dozens of flaws just as we all do. However, she’s perfect in her imperfection and I love her the way she is - impatient, energetic, caring, brave, impulsive, strong, soulful, beautiful, worried about everything and everyone, heartwarming, emotional and loving. If you’re thinking that I barely know her, and there are still so many things that I have to learn about Eliane (and life, in general), you’re probably right. But I don’t mind spending many years learning more about/from/with her. Actually, it would be an honor and a pleasure! At the moment, she’s one of my greatest real-life heroes and it is a true shame that Azzari doesn’t see herself the way we - people who love her - do. A thing she constantly reminds me of is that I shouldn’t want to become more like her because I’m unique, not a copy from someone else. Thus I agree, I believe that what truly makes us wonderfully unique is the way we learn from daily life situations and how (much) we learn and change when we’re inspired by the people around us. That being said, I state that if people were a bit more like her, the world would be a better place - and I include myself on that. One day, I hope being able to keep my energy and my internal youth just as she does, to become a dedicate and captivating teacher just like she is, and to help and comfort people as well as she does. I just hope to have the same ability to transform positively someone’s life, because this is what she’s been doing for me (and many other colleagues from my classroom) this year. Li basically rescued me from rock bottom, how beautiful is that? From all of the things college has brought me so far, her friendship, her love and her trust are the most remarkable ones, and I thank God every single night for putting in my life such a wondrous person that I can look up to. Luv ya forever, Azzari <3

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Understanding and interpreting the lyrics of “ We don’t need another hero” by Tina Turner

A. Who does not need another hero?

Considering the context of the song (related to the movie Mad Max 3), it is possible to infer that the ones who don’t need another hero are the people from the movie that are forced to live in a chaotic reality and under the rules (and oppression) of a authoritarian and violent government.

B. What do they need?

I believe that they just need freedom and empathy from others. Since the film is about a post - apocalyptic world, the resources are reduced. Therefore, they probably need to be kind to each other and work together to survive and multiply the few things they have.

C. Thunderdome was in the film a place where fighters combated till one of them dies. Here the word is a metaphor of something they fight against (or for). What is it? Can you compare it to our times? What is our “thunderdome” nowadays?

The metaphor relates the thunderdome to a prison, a place where people have no freedom and have to fight to survive. I believe that we can relate this metaphor to the capitalist system nowadays. We’re trapped inside this consumerist system that alienates and manipulates the population to keep working, so that people can buy “important things”. We can also compare the thunderdome to technology if we consider that we are living in a hypermodern era, where everything is surrounded and permeated by (new) technologies. Technologies which some people can’t live without.

The way technologies are being used and how involved and unconsciously trapped inside of it we are, made me think that digital world is one of hypermodernity’s thunderdome.

D. Do we need heroes? Why? Why not?

The definition of hero is subjective. If you believe that a hero is someone who will solve all of your battles and solve all of your problems, I don’t think people need heroes. Not only because this kind of savior doesn’t exist, but mostly because we need to struggle in life in order to grow. Making mistakes and learning valuable lessons are incredibly important for our evolution as human beings.

However, If you think that a hero is someone who inspires you to be better version of yourself and somehow helps you to achieve this version, then I tend to think that heroes are not only important, but necessary. Having some sort of focus and life goals are crucial to keep us going and fighting against the challenges imposed by life.

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Paragraph about Ana's activities

On monday, Ana went to the fitness centre and swam in the pool. On uesday, she bought a pair of jeans and had lunch at Brazil Chill.
On wednesday, she met Paul,an agent,for a dinner at Blake's wine bar. On thursday she took a bus to go to an art gallery and on friday she went to the movies. Finally, on saturday, she had chinese food for lunch at the Happy Buddha restaurant and watched "An inspector calls"at the cinema. Her sunday ativities are still a mystery

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Slide 1
Abolaji  is a student on a foundation course in Manchester. Read the messages he exchanged with his adviser.

Dear Dr. Wilson

I think I find a good subject for the end of course talks next month. I´m thinking about doing a presentation on sleep and the brain (how much we need to sleep, stages of sleep, dreams etc.) What do you think about this? Could you give some advice? Could I come and see you about it later this week?

Abolahi

Dear Abolahi

You seem to have a really interesting topic. You might also want to look at:

a. different kinds of sleep

b. why people talk in their sleep

c. How modern life affects our sleep (light pollution, for example)

I´m afraid I can´t see you this week as I´m going to the Conference in Oslo that I mentioned on Tuesday. I´ll be back on Monday. Perhaps we can talk after the class on Tuesday? In the meantime, keep reading about the topic!

Steve Wilson

Slide 2
1. Read the messages and answer the questions:

1. Why did Abolahi write to Dr. Wilson?

Because he, apparentaly, needs a subject for the end of the course.

2. What is the relationship between them?

Very professional relationship

3. Do you think dr. Wilson’s  reply is helpful?
Yes, I think it is because dr. Wilson recomends how Abolahi can make his subject more complete and interesting.

Slide 3
Listen to the first part of Abolaji’s talk. According to the information he gives, are those statement true or false or not mentioned?

1. A one-year baby needs to sleep for about twelve hours a day.  (F)

2. Some adults only need five hours of sleep a day. (F)

3. REM stands for “rapid eye movement” and NREM stands for “non- rapid eye movement”. (T)

4. The brain becomes more active in REM sleep. (T)

5. Brain temperature increase during REM sleep. (T)

3. Listen to the second part and answer the questions.

1. How many stages of sleep are there? Five stages.

2. What does NREM sleep do? Organize our memories.

3. Why is it never compeltely dark? Street light and security lights don't allow total darkness.

4. Why can our modern way of life have a negative effect on our sleep patterns? We never get enough sleep because we are staying more awake for reasons that didn't existed in the pass, like technology.

Slide 4
4. Complete the summary of the talk with the words below:

brain – damage – darkness – dreams – less – organizing – types

As we get older, we need to sleep less , although not everyone needs the same amount of sleep. The two types of sleep are REM and NREM. About 80% of sleep is NREM sleep, when brain activity slows down. REM sleep is when dreams happen and is important for organizing our memories. One of the problems we face today is that there is less darkness than in the past and this can demage damage our sleep quality and health.

5. Go back to the messages. Then put the infinitive verbs in the patterns below:

VERB + INFINITIVE WITH TO
1. We need to sleep.
2. You seen to have.
3. I want to look at.
VERB + -ING
1. I like sleeping
2. Keep reading
3. I'm just living
VERB + PREPOSITIONS + -ING
1. I'm thinking about doing it.
2. I plan on travelling

Slide 5
6. Complete Dr. Wilson’s feedback comments with the correct tense and pattern of the verbs.

Abolaji,

Your presentation was excellent. You seen to have a good understanding of the subject, and you succeed in to keep the attention of audience throughout. Keep to work hard. You  started to developing into a first-class student.

Amy,

Your presentation was satisfactory. The topic was interesting and you managed to cover  the key points. However, you need to say more about each point, and give some examples. You tend to speak rather quickly. You also keep on reading. I think you’re intelligent and talented student but you can do better next time.

Slide 6
1. Think about advantages and disadvantages of working at night. Exchange your ideas.

VOCABULARY: -ing and -ed adjectives

2. Underline the adjectives in the sentences.

a. I am bored because my job is so boring.

b. Night shift work is tiring, so the person who works at night is often tired.

3. Choose the correct form:

a.We were frightned because  the film was frightening.

b.The lecture was interesting, so the students were interested.

Slide 7
4. Complete these questions with the correct adjective from the verbs. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner.

a. What was the most interesting thing you did last vacation?

b. When did you last feel really tired?

c. Is there anything that you are fascinaded by?

d. What is the most embarassing thing that you remember?

e.When did you last feel suprised?

f. Is there anything you are frightened of?

Slide 8
I´m going to buy a new laptop to work.

I hope to make more friends.

Next year, I´m going to find a new job.

I´d like to leave the job I have.

I will study more.

Next job I find I will work less hours to study more.

I wouldn´t like to stop working.

I will stop smoking.

Which sentences describe:

a.a planned action in the future (definite intention): Going + to.

b.An ambition or dream for the future: Will / would like to.

c.A kind of promise/ commitment: Would like.

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Activity 10 - My mission statement for next year

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Activity 10 - My mission statement for next year

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For next year, I'm going to keep myself sober, work hard, successfully live by myself in Campinas, go back to skydiving, finally get my driver's licence, be a better friend to my squad and a better student to my beloved teachers.

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Activity 11 - Reflection upon the autonomous activities 

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Activity 11 - Reflection upon the autonomous activities 

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During the semester we've developed 10 autonomous activities in our Padlets that ended up being incredibly fun and easy to do. The platform is very user friendly and supports almost every kind of file, a fact that allows students to upload audios, documents, videos and photos. This kind of resource is highly important for our learning process hence it enables us to practice the language in a multimodal way. The platform itself also facilitates the correction and grading processes for our teacher due to the organization of the activities by student , the lack of hundreds printed documents, and the easy access.
Personally, I believe that though the platform is resourceful and easy to use, our teacher was the true star (as always) in what concerns the autonomous activities. She prepared contextualized classes and materials as well as planned activities that that involved not only our communicative skills but also embraced listening, reading comprehension and grammatical features.
In general, I really enjoyed the autonomous activities due to how rich and well planned they were and, to be honest, this reflection was the one I disliked the most (because I forgot to do it and here I am waffling).
Kisses, Love ya, and thanks for the best english classes of my life