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https://www.mindmeister.com/1085850652
I have broken down a
essential question and looked at different perspectives

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Advantages & Disadvantages of Ocean Dumping

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Advantages & Disadvantages of Ocean Dumping

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- Dumping plastic at the sea might appear negative, causing pollution and threatening marine ecosystems.
-  Ocean dumping has advantages, however, or people simply wouldn’t do it. The disadvantages are serious and long-term, and the advantages mostly relate to short-term profit margins. There is one long-term, environmental benefit for certain kinds of trash.

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- The first plastic (Celluloid) was created in 1870 by Hyatt brothers, they wanted to make plastic because The New York Firm offered a $10,000 reward to anyone who was able to create a substitute to ivory.

- Advertisements praised Hyatt as the "savior" of the elephant and the tortoise. Because humans were getting to much turtle shells and elephant tusks and plastic could replace it.

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- The first fully synthetic plastic (Contained nothing found in nature) was created in 1907 by Leo Baekeland, he named it Bakelite. Baekeland was searching for a synthetic substitute for shellac, an electric insulator.
- Bakelite was not only a good insulator, it was also durable, heat resistant, and unlike celluloid, ideally suited for mass production.

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- World War 2 was when the plastics industry in the United States massively expanded. To preserve natural resources, the US made the production of synthetic alternatives a priority. Plastic provided those substitutes.

- The surge in plastic production continued after the war ended. According to author Susan Freinkel, “In product after product, market after market, plastics challenged traditional materials and won, taking the place of steel in cars, paper and glass in packaging, and wood in furniture.”

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- Plastic debris in the oceans was first observed in the 1960s, a decade in which Americans became increasingly aware of environmental problems.
- In 1969 a major oil spill occurred off the the west coast and the polluted Cuyahoga River and Ohio caught fire, raising concerns about pollution.

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Ms.Whitely - Beach clean up
Ms. Naylor - Beach clean up
Ms. Lane - LEAP
VJ - Sodexo (sodexoeast@uwcsea.edu.sg/)

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“We take from the oceans as if it is an endless resource and we dump in the oceans as if it was a bottomless pit”,

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“We take from the oceans as if it is an endless resource and we dump in the oceans as if it was a bottomless pit”,

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by H.E. Margriet Vonno, the Ambassador of the Netherlands

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“There will be more plastics than fish in the ocean by 2050” 

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“There will be more plastics than fish in the ocean by 2050” 

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by Ellen MacArthur Foundation

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less single-use plastics.
Emails
RED MART
(help@redmart.com),
FAIR PRICE (NTUC)(corpcomms@fairprice.com.sg ), Giant (service@giantsingapore.com.sg) ETC

Good:
Ikea
(customercare259@ikea.com)
COLD STORAGE (customer.service@coldstorage.com.sg)

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Thank you for your interest in helping solve the marine plastic pollution problem! It is people like you with a passion for protecting the oceans that make a real difference.

Public awareness on the issue of marine plastic pollution is becoming more widespread around the world and people are joining together to help solve this problem. There are ongoing efforts to clean-up the oceans worldwide—for instance, the International Coastal Cleanup hosted by the Ocean Conservancy, the cleanups hosted by the Surfrider Foundation, and many other local events around the globe.  At Oceana we fully support cleanup efforts, but our ultimate goal is to turn off the flow of plastics into the ocean convincing companies—especially the really big companies—to use less single-use plastics. Single-use plastics are things like plastic grocery bags, straws and plastic takeout food containers (just to name a few). By learning more about this issue and sharing your knowledge with others, you too are part of the solution!

It is difficult to know exactly how many marine animals die as a direct result of plastic pollution annually, but we do know that it affects organisms at all levels of the food chain—from tiny zooplankton to fish to sea turtles to huge filter-feeding whales. A recent study found that nearly 700 different marine species have been affected by plastic marine debris (Gall & Thompson 2015). Some animals are killed when they become entangled in plastic garbage. Other animals can starve or obtain serious internal injuries from ingesting plastic. Unfortunately there are many marine animals that are suffering from plastic pollution—like this whale or these sea turtles, and scientists are finding more and more examples of plastic harming marine life.

There are small changes you can make in your daily lives that add up to make a big difference! Share your knowledge on the subject with your school and in your communities, and lead by example. Bring a reusable bag with you instead of using single-use plastic bags. Trade single-use plastic bottles for refillable/reusable ones. Say no to plastic straws and plastic silverware, as neither can be recycled.  Bring your own reusable cups and take-away food containers with you to restaurants. Encourage friends and family to also say no to single-use plastics. Don’t forget to speak up for what you believe in!

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- Most marine debris (80%) comes from trash and debris (land-based sources.)
- Key components of land-based sources include litter, trash, and trash blown out of garbage containers, and landfills.
Ocean-based sources, such as, overboard discharges from ships and discarded fishing gear, account for the other 20%. https://www.cleanwater.org/problem-marine-plastic-pollution

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- In the ocean, plastic debris injures and kills fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Marine plastic pollution has impacted at least 700 species worldwide, including 86% of all sea turtle species, 44% of all seabird species and 43% of all marine mammal species.
- The impacts include fatalities as a result of ingestion, starvation, suffocation, infection, drowning, and entanglement.

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In 2010, a California grey whale washed up dead on the shores of the Puget Sound. Autopsies indicated that its stomach contained a pair of pants and a golf ball, more than 20 plastic bags, small towels, duct tape and surgical gloves.

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A sperm whale was found dead after swallowing 64 pounds of plastic debris. He was a male, found in Southern Spain on the Murcian coast.

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- Public awareness on the issue of marine plastic pollution is becoming more widespread around the world and people are joining together to help solve this problem.
- There are ongoing efforts to clean-up the oceans worldwide—for instance, the International Coastal Cleanup hosted by the Ocean Conservancy, the cleanups hosted by the Surfrider Foundation, and many other local events around the globe.

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- It is difficult to know exactly how many marine animals die as a direct result of plastic pollution annually, but we do know that it affects organisms at all levels of the food chain—from tiny zooplankton to fish to sea turtles to huge filter-feeding whales.
-  A recent study found that nearly 700 different marine species have been affected by plastic marine debris (Gall & Thompson 2015). - Some animals are killed when they become entangled in plastic garbage. Other animals can starve or obtain serious internal injuries from ingesting plastic.

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There are small changes you can make in your daily lives that add up to make a big difference! Share your knowledge on the subject with your school and in your communities, and lead by example. Bring a reusable bag with you instead of using single-use plastic bags. Trade single-use plastic bottles for refillable/reusable ones. Say no to plastic straws and plastic silverware, as neither can be recycled.  Bring your own reusable cups and take-away food containers with you to restaurants. Encourage friends and family to also say no to single-use plastics. Don’t forget to speak up for what you believe in!

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By Annie Leonard

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What do you do to reuse plastic?
I try as much as possible to not use plastic. In the supermarket I bring my own bags. I don't use straws. I use reusable containers for putting food into the frige.  The average time that a single use plastic products are used is 12 minutes.

What is Beach clean up.

Beach clean up is a activity on Mondays. Children from G2 - G5 take action. We pick up every single plastic we see and throw it away. We bring the recyclable plastics back to school and put it in the recycling bin. We have also made a turtle in the infants. It is made out of the plastic we picked up from the beach clean up and some plastics from school.

It is not just a ocean based problem. It also affects the land animals such as birds because when birds come down to get some fishes, they mistake the plastic with fishes. Then the bird feeds the chicks and the chick dies.

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Protects vulnerable products from damage while in transit and from contamination or damage by moisture, humidity, gases, etc

Preserves products for longer, which reduces waste by giving people more time to use or consume them.

Prevents waste by keeping a product together and avoiding spillages.

Displays important information about the product, such as nutritional content or allergy advice, which makes selling easier.

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Safe: plastic is shatter resistant, containers do not break when they are dropped or knocked over, this makes them particularly useful for certain environments, such as the bathroom, around children, at the pool, by the beach etc

Hygienic: plastic keeps products free from germs. This is useful for medical packaging, as packaging can be filled and sealed hygienically without any humans. (e.g. syringes).

Light weight: plastic packaging is lightweight and can take up less space than alternatives, which means lighter loads for planes and trucks and lower emissions.

Durable: because plastic packaging is so durable, plastic packaging can be very thin.

Versatile: plastics can be transformed in many different ways.

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Add more to "Why do companies dump their waste into ecosystems"

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Add more to "Why do companies dump their waste into ecosystems"

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Draft blog post, about form

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Poster: At least one entry on every question

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Media website to look at :
https://www.google.com/search?q=guardian%2C+microplastics&safe=active&ssui=on

https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/parliament-no-plan-to-impose-plastic-bag-levy-other-types-of-disposable-bags-not-much

https://blog.wwf.sg/sustainable-consumption/2018/04/plastics-enough-trash-talk/

https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/reverse-vending-machine-to-encourage-recycling-launched-at-waterway-point

https://www.sciencehistory.org/the-history-and-future-of-plastics
https://plasticoceans.org/

http://www.eco-business.com/news/6-ways-to-save-the-worlds-oceans/

https://www.ecowatch.com/22-facts-about-plastic-pollution-and-10-things-we-can-do-about-it-1881885971.html

http://www.theworldcounts.com/counters/ocean_ecosystem_facts/plastic_in_the_ocean_facts

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-27442625

Article 1 2013

Debris in 2009

2018 efforts to clear marine plastic

Statistics in Singapore to do with recycling plastic
amazing slideshow
here

DIY Plastic Vid
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEAOvFG1AmM