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Basic Concepts:
Individuals behave in ways to meet basic and universal needs
Counseling Techniques:
Role of the Counselor:
WDEP - Want, Doing, Evaluate, Plan
To assist the student to identify
1. What do you want?
2. What are you doing to get what you want?
3. Is it working?
4. What is your plan now?

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Basic Concepts:
Interpret situations becomes skewed, creates a negative impact on the actions
Allow the client to become aware of negative interpretations.                                              Cognitive therapy helps people to develop alternative ways of thinking and behaving which aim to reduce their psychological distress.
Counseling Techniques:
Have a client or student maintain a diary of daily thoughts, actions, and feelings. When the student brings back to the session, discuss actions. Be mindful of actions based on the interpretation of reality.
Role of the Counselor:
Allow client or student to unravel their own behavior and self-correct.

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Basic Concepts:
This theory states that behavior is learned, we are conditioned. In order to change the client or student must learn a new behavior. This theory focuses on current behaviors and problems.
Counseling Techniques:
Treat in three phases. The first phase would instruct the student to use breathing exercises. The second phase would involve the student creating a step by step guide that would allow them to build up to the fear. Last would be actually doing the work following through on their guide developed in step two, using the relaxation technique
Role of the Counselor:
Provide comfort and reassurance as they move through the phases.

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Basic Concepts:
Holistic approach
the mind perceives objects as part of a greater whole
active understanding of reality
Each person experiences shape their perception
Law of perceptual organization:
1. Law of Pragnanz: we simplify what we perceive
2. Figure-ground law
3. Law of proximity: element closest form groups
4. Law of similarity: characteristics allows us to draw parallels
5. Common fate law: elements that seem to move together toward certain orientation        6. Law of closure: fill in gaps
7. Law of good continuity
Counseling Techniques:
Use productive thinking
Carry out a creative reorganization of elements to solve problems
Role of the Counselor:
Focus on the positive aspects of human life, using a humanistic approach
Develop attention and awareness
Encourage clients to live in the present

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Basic Concepts:
Tendencies
Actualizing Tendency - characteristic of organic life
Formative tendency - the universe as a whole
Three conditions that assist the growth
1. genuine behavior from a therapist
2. acceptance of both positive and negative feelings
3.empathy of feelings aware and unaware of - active listening -
Counseling Techniques:
Relax and ensure you are acting close to the core of self and being authentic and real -- genuine behavior without professional front
Role of the Counselor:
Affirming of all emotions - both positive and negative
Provide support to the values of fully recognizing and expressing students feelings positive or negative

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Basic Concept :
Unconscious desires drive behaviors. Predict personality. Mind made up of  Conscious  - Unconscious - We also have an ego - id - superego which are in conflict as we make a decision and determine our perception.
Counseling Techniques:
Provide dialogue with the client, getting to know them beyond their reason for attending therapy. Recap session with the client, providing highlights and positive aspect of life and areas that allow for an opportunity of growth.
Role of the Counselor:
Supportive and attentive to needs and concerns.

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Basic Concept - Understand unique beliefs Accept individual
Understanding why someone behaves the way they do - Everyone is faced with five major tasks, work, friendship, love, spirituality, and self.
Understand behaviors by reflecting upon previous life events
Counseling Techniques:
to understand why a student behaves the way they do. Understand their experiences and use
Role of the Counselor:
that to discuss future behavior