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The goal of GT research is to develop a substantive theory. It is not a grand theory, but rather one that addresses a specific everyday  situation. It is especially useful for understanding a process that occurs over time.

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Philosophical Paradigm

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Grounded theory research can have ripple effects on a field of study by generating frameworks, concepts, and theories that researchers can continue to explore and develop.

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Qualitative Research Methodology

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Memoing is the process of taking reflective notes and writing down ideas, thoughts, and connections as the researcher analyzes the data.  Since the data collection and analysis happen concurrently, memoing guides the researcher in the continual data collection and "becomes part of developing the theory as the researcher writes down ideas as data are collected and analyzed

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Grounded Theory Research Design Framework Template

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Line by Line Coding: Examining each line of data and defining actions or events.
Open Coding: Identifying concepts that represent the data.
Axial Coding: Relating categories and properties to each other.
Selective Coding: Core categories, propositions or hypotheses are developed.
Causal Conditions: Factors identified that cause the core phenomenon.
Intervening Conditions: Factors that influence the strategies participants take in response to the core phenomenon.

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The purpose of the Grounded Theory is to develop a substantive theory based on the research.  The theory is presented in writing.
"In my experience...researchers typically end their studies with a theory developed in selective coding," (Cresswell, p. 86)
If the theory is developed in selective coding, it is often low-level and not abstract.
In order for the theory to be more global, the researcher needs to employ a conditional matrix which "is an analysis strategey to help the researcher make connections between the macro and micro conditions of the phenomenon" (Creswell, p. 85).

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Types of Data Collected  in Grounded Theory Research:

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Types of Data Collected  in Grounded Theory Research:

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https://voicethread.com/share/12512824/

Interviews - An interaction between researcher and participants where the researcher asks pre-determined questions.  The research usually records the interview and then transcribes or "codes" it. There can be as many as 20-30 interviews before saturation is met.
Observations - When the researcher watches the participants in a setting during a time period that is determined by the researcher.
Review of Artifacts and Documentary Materials - A review of materials that were created or used by the participant.

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The researcher continues to collect data and analyze until saturation is met.  Saturation is when the "theory is sufficiently detailed" (Creswell, p. 88)

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According to Creswell, data collection and data analysis occur simultaneously throughout the study.  As interviews, observations, or the collection of artifacts occur, the researchers analyze the data to help inform further data collection.  The data collection and analysis is an iterative process.  Unlike other research methods, Grounded Theory researchers analyze data while still collecting other data.  (Creswell, 2018)

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Why did we choose the grounded theory approach?

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Why did we choose the grounded theory approach?

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https://voicethread.com/share/12512567/

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Data Collection as an Iterative Process: A Defining Feature of Grounded Theory

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Data Collection as an Iterative Process: A Defining Feature of Grounded Theory

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Glaser and Strauss declared that data are to be collected,  coded and analyzed "jointly...in order to develop theory as it emerges" (as cited in Merriam & Tisdell, 2016, p. 30). The researcher returns to the field to fill in gaps as categories emerge and a theoretical framework takes shape.
Theoretical Sampling: participants are chosen for study to best help the researcher develop a theory.
Constant Comparison:  Comparing information in the data to emerging categories. This is a distinguishing feature of GT.

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By mapping how conditions relate to the phenomenon of interest, researchers become aware of the range of conditions involved and their  theoretical ramifications (as cited in Charmaz, p. 189).

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Researchers use GT when they want to move beyond description and seek to develop or discover a theory about a process or action that is grounded in data collected in the field.

Research questions are focused on understanding the properties, categories and conditions operating in a specific action or process.
GT is not used to test a priori hypotheses.

Example of a research question from my own research regarding teacher preparation: What are the conditions and properties operating in a teacher preparation program that results in robust teacher knowledge of English Language structures?

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Glaser and Strauss, 1967

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Kathy Charmaz 2014

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Terminology Meaning and Understanding

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Qualitative Research Method

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Naturalistic Inquiry from the natural sciences was a source of origin.

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Naturalistic Inquiry from the natural sciences was a source of origin.

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Egon Guba, 1978: Toward a Methodology of Naturalistic Inquiry in Educational Evaluation