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You should listen to Wake Up by YBN Nahmir

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https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Generalist_and_specialist_species

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See all the wonderful things Connor McNeil has made

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verifying if a species is generalist or specialist 

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verifying if a species is generalist or specialist 

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https://www.researchgate.net/post/Most_used_methods_to_verify_if_a_species_is_generalist_or_specialist

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Image result for specialist species examples

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Specialist species suffer from habitat loss due to humans, like be threatened, endangered to exist.

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the whitetail deer is an example of a herbivore generalist because they have the biggest distribution than any other large mammal in North America they also are able to eat a pretty wide variety of plants and trees.

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A specialist species is the opposite of the generalist in the fact that specialists require a very certain type of food or can only eat a very small range of things, and usually has a very specific list of things needed in its habitat.

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A specialist species is the opposite of the generalist in the fact that specialists require a very certain type of food or can only eat a very small range of things, and usually has a very specific list of things needed in its habitat.

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if temperatures rise by 4.5 ˚C, half of species that live in biodiverse areas could go extinct by 2100

animals can only react in three ways:

move

adapt

become extinct

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What Helps Animals Adapt (or Not) to Climate Change?

If we do not reduce our carbon emissions and instead allow global temperatures to rise by 4.5˚C, up to half the animals and plants in some of the world's most biodiverse areas could go extinct by 2100, according to a new study. In fact, even if we are able to limit global warming to the Paris climate agreement goal of 2˚ C, areas such as the Amazon and the Galapagos could still lose one quarter of their species, say the researchers, who studied the effects of climate change on 80,000 plants and animals in 35 areas. Another study found that local extinctions (when a species goes extinct in a particular area, but still exists elsewhere) are already occurring in 47 percent of the 976 species studied, in every kind of habitat and climatic zone.

With temperatures rising, precipitation patterns changing, and the weather getting less predictable and more extreme, a 2016 study determined that climate change is already significantly disrupting organisms and ecosystems on land and in water. Animals are not only shifting their range and altering the timing of key life stages- they are also exhibiting differences in their sex ratios, tolerance to heat, and in their bodies. Some of these changes may help a species adapt, while others could speed its demise.
Move, Adapt or Die
Animals can react to climate change in only three ways: They can move, adapt or die.

Many animals are moving to higher elevations and latitudes to escape warming temperatures, but climate change may be happening too quickly for most species to outrun it. In any case, moving is not always a simple solution-entering new territory could mean encountering more competition for food, or interacting with unfamiliar species. Some animals, such as the hamster-like American pika, are at the farthest extent of their range. Pikas need the cool moist conditions of the alpine Sierra Nevadas and Western Rockies, but the rocky habitat they require is getting hotter, drier and less snowy. Because they already live so high in the mountains, when their terrain becomes inhabitable, there's nowhere left to go. Other animals attempting to move to cooler climes may be hemmed in by highways or other manmade structures.

In addition, some impacts of rising temperatures can't be outrun. Monarch butterflies take their cues from day length and temperature to fly south from Canada to overwinter in Mexico. Lately, the butterflies' southern migration has been delayed by up to six weeks because warmer than normal temperatures fail to cue them to fly south. Scientists also found that the onset of cooler temperatures in Mexico stimulates the butterflies to return northward to lay their eggs in the spring.

As temperatures warm, their migrations could fall out of sync with the bloom time of the nectar-producing plants they rely on for food. Logging where they overwinter in Mexico and the dwindling of the milkweed habitat, where they breed and their larvae feed, due to drought, heat and herbicides are additional factors in the monarch's decline. Its numbers have decreased by 95 percent in the last two decades.

As temperatures rise in the Arctic and sea ice melts, polar bears are also losing their food source; they are often unable to find the sea ice they use to hunt seals from, and rest and breed on. Puffins in the Gulf of Maine normally eat white hake and herring, but as oceans warm, those fish are moving farther north. The puffins are trying to feed their young on butterfish instead, but baby puffins are unable to swallow the larger fish, so many are starving to death.
Some Species are Adapting
Some animals, however, seem to be adapting to changing conditions. As spring arrives earlier, insects emerge earlier. Some migrating birds are laying their eggs earlier to match insect availability so their young will have food. Over the past 65 years, the date when female butterflies in southern Australia emerge from their cocoons has shifted 1.6 days earlier per decade as temperatures there have warmed 0.14˚C per decade.

Coral reefs, which are actually colonies of individual animals called polyps, have experienced extensive bleaching as the oceans warm-when overheated, they expel the colorful symbiotic algae that live within them. Scientists studying corals around American Samoa found that many corals in pools of warmer water had not bleached.

When they exposed these corals to even higher temperatures in the lab, they found that just 20 percent of them expelled their algae, whereas 55 percent of corals from cooler pools also exposed to the high heat expelled theirs. And when corals from a cool pool were moved into a hot pool for a year, their heat tolerance improved-only 32.5 percent now ejected their algae. They adapted without any genetic change.

This coral research illustrates the difference between evolution through natural selection over the course of many generations, and adaptation through phenotypic plasticity-the ability of an organism to change its developmental, behavioral and physical features during its lifetime in response to changes in the environment. ("Plasticity" here means flexible or malleable. It has nothing to do with the hydrocarbon-based products that are clogging our landfills and oceans.) The corals living in the hot pools had evolved over many generations as natural selection favored survival of the most heat-tolerant corals and enabled them to reproduce. But the corals from the cool pool exposed to the hotter water were also able to adapt because they had phenotypic plasticity.
How Does Phenotypic Plasticity Work?
When some animals (and plants) encounter the impacts of climate change in their environment, they respond by changing behavior and moving to a cooler area, modifying their physical bodies to better deal with the heat, or altering the timing of certain activities to match changes in the seasons. These "plastic" changes occur because some genes can produce more than one effect when exposed to different environments.

Epigenetics-how environmental factors cause genes to be switched on or off-bring about phenotypic plasticity mainly through producing organic compounds that attach to DNA or modifying the proteins that DNA is wound around. This determines whether and how a gene will be expressed, but it does not alter the DNA sequence itself in any way. In some cases, these changes can be passed along to the next generation, but epigenetic changes can also be reversed if the environmental stresses are eliminated.

Scientists don't know whether all species have the capacity for epigenetic responses. For those that do, epigenetic changes could buy them time to evolve genetic adaptations to changing environmental conditions. And over the long term, phenotypic plasticity could become an evolutionary adaptation if the individuals with the genetic capacity for phenotypic plasticity are better suited to the new environment and survive to reproduce more.

"Like any trait, phenotypic plasticity can undergo natural selection," emailed Dustin Rubinstein, associate professor in Columbia University's Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology. "This means that when there is a benefit to having a plastic response to the environment, this can be favored by natural selection ... Some traits (like behaviors) may be more likely to be plastic than others."

For species that take a long time to mature and reproduce infrequently, epigenetics may give them the flexibility to be able to adapt to rapidly changing conditions. Species with shorter life spans reproduce more frequently, and the rapid succession of generations helps them evolve genetic adaptations through natural selection much more quickly.
Examples of Epigenetic Changes
Guinea pigs from South America normally mate at a temperature of about 5˚C. After keeping the males at 30˚C for two months, scientists conducting one study found evidence of epigenetic changes on at least ten genes linked to modifying body temperature. The guinea pigs' offspring also showed epigenetic changes, but these were different from those of their fathers. It seems that that the fathers produced their own epigenetic changes in response to the heat, but passed along to their young a different set of "preparedness" changes.

A population of winter skate fish from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence have a much smaller body size than other populations of winter skate along the Atlantic coast. Scientists found that these skates had adapted to the gulf's 10˚C warmer water temperatures by reducing their body size by 45 percent compared with other populations. (Since oxygen content decreases when oceans warm, it is difficult for bigger fish to get enough oxygen.) The scientists detected 3,653 changes in gene expression that reflected changes in body size and some life history and physiology traits. Despite these epigenetic changes, the DNA of these winter skates-which have lived in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence for 7,000 years-was identical to that of another Atlantic skate population.
When Phenotypic Plasticity is Not Protective
"It is important to not confuse species responses and adaptation as an indicator that everything will be okay," said ecologist Brett Scheffers, from the University of Florida.

A prime example is the green sea turtle, whose sex is determined by the temperature of the sand around its egg as it develops. Warmer incubation temperatures produce more females.

Scientists examined turtles around the Great Barrier Reef, a large and important turtle breeding area in the Pacific. They found that turtles from the cooler southern nesting beaches were 65 to 69 percent female, while those from the warmer northern nesting beaches were 87 percent female. In juvenile turtles, females now outnumber males by about 116 to 1. Turtles are so sensitive that if temperatures rise a few degrees Celsius more, certain areas could end up producing only females, eventually resulting in local extinctions.

Meadow voles born in autumn are born with a thicker coat than those born in spring, thanks to environmental cues the mother relays through her hormones while the pup is in the womb. These predictive adaptive responses, believed to be controlled by epigenetics, guide the animal's metabolism and physiology to enable it to adapt to the environment it will supposedly be born into. But if it's suited to life in a certain kind of environment, it could end up being maladapted when conditions change-for instance, if winters become warmer.

Phenotypic plasticity can even limit adaptive evolution. A butterfly from Malawi speeds up its growth and reproduction and lives a short life when it is born at a warm, wet time of year; if born in a cool dry season, it leads an inactive long life with delayed reproduction. While the butterfly has a lot of variety in gene expression, scientists have found very little actual gene variation for this plasticity. The butterflies adapted to very specific, predictable and consistent environmental cues. Natural selection furthered these carefully tuned reactions because any deviation from these precise responses would have been maladaptive. Consequently, over time, natural selection eliminated the genetic variation that would have allowed for more plasticity. So, paradoxically, phenotypic plasticity in seasonal habitats may produce species that are specialists in their particular environments, but are then more vulnerable to climate change.

It's also believed that species in regions with a very consistent climate will have a harder time adapting to climate change. For example, because the tropics have had little climatic variability over thousands of years, it's thought that tropical species have less diversity in their genes to deal with changing conditions.
Evolution to the Rescue?
Scott Mills, a professor of wildlife biology at the University of Montana, has been researching global patterns of coat color changes in eight species of hares, weasels and foxes. He has found that individuals who turn white in the winter are more common at higher latitudes, but for some animals, the mismatch of their white coats with less snowfall has led to a reduction in their range.

"We know that whether or not an animal is brown in the winter or white in the winter has a very strong genetic component," said Mills. "And the coat color change trait doesn't have much plasticity. There doesn't seem to be any obvious capacity for them to have behavioral plasticity either-to behave so as to reduce mismatch or reduce being killed by the mismatch." As snowfall decreases, there will be more and more mismatches, so if these species are to survive, they will have to evolve.

Mills' research identified some populations of these animals with individuals that turn white and others that stay brown in winter. Because these groups have that genetic variability, they have the best chance to adapt, since evolution operates the fastest when there's ample variation within a population for natural selection to act upon.

Both phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary change are more likely to occur in larger populations of animals and those connected to other populations. A large, diverse group will have more individuals with genes that allow for phenotypic plasticity, which can ultimately be favored by natural selection. In addition, "generalist" species-those that can live in environments with a wide variety of conditions-usually have more variation in their traits that can be inherited.

"One of the biggest discoveries over the last 20 years in biology," said Mills, "is that meaningful evolutionary changes can happen fast. Evolution isn't just for fossils-evolution can happen on ecological time scales in five to 10 generations. That's led to more anticipation that evolutionary change might be able to play a role in rescuing species...With the right work and focus, this can become another tool in the conservation tool kit."
What Needs to be Done
Human beings rely on biodiversity -the variety of life on Earth-and functioning ecosystems for food, clean water and our health. If other species are unable to adapt to climate change, the consequences for humans could be dire. Society needs to implement strategies to help wildlife adapt to the impacts of climate. This means identifying and protecting zones where species exhibit genetic variability and preserving natural marine and land-based ecosystems.

It means purposefully increasing connectivity between natural areas, and providing stretches of land that animals can migrate along and to. These measures would enable species to travel to cooler areas and allow for larger, more connected populations that can promote the genetic diversity needed for phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution.

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) just released four reports on biodiversity. Written by more than 550 experts from 100 countries, the reports found that biodiversity is declining in every region of the world, endangering "economies, livelihoods, food security and the quality of life everywhere." In the words of IPBES chair Robert Watson: "The time for action was yesterday or the day before."

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What Helps Animals Adapt (or Not) to Climate Change?

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If we do not reduce our carbon emissions and instead allow global temperatures to rise by 4.5˚C, up to half the animals and plants in some of the world's most biodiverse areas could go extinct by 2100, according to a new study.

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When environmental conditions change, such as the change of seasons, generalist species will usually be able to survive and adapt with the conditions, however specialists will often fail to adapt and therefore will become victims and die.

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coyote is a great example of a generalist carnivore because they eat pretty much anything with meat on its bones that they can kill or find somewhere in the woods they also live in a very large area.

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Biodiversity within the generalist and specialist specie

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Biodiversity within the generalist and specialist specie

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Specialists
these are species that are experts in their ecosystem and use resources to their survival. But due to the fact that they relay on the environment so much they can't adapt to other environment making them dependant on only one type of environment and food.

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how generalists can be the dominant species outside of their own ecosystem. 

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how generalists can be the dominant species outside of their own ecosystem. 

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this is expecically show cased in the case of the lion fish. the lion fish was of taken out of its own ecosytem where it had natural predators but when poured into the gulf river they had no predators. since then they have become an apex predator of the gulf river

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https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/22/6/1286/220175

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Sometimes members of a species will migrate into different environments, and will adapt accordingly, creating an evolutionary divide between what were once members of the same species.

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Venus flytraps are specialists because they cant move to hunt for food, while they only eat insects, small frogs and lizards that land/walk on their mouth/trap

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describes the role of a species/population in an ecosystem

how it responds to changes in resources

abiotic and biotic factors

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In ecology, a niche is a term describing the relational position of a species or population in an ecosystem.

More formally, the niche includes how a population responds to the abundance of its resources and enemies (e. g., by growing when resources are abundant, and predators, parasites and pathogens are scarce) and how it affects those same factors (e. g., by reducing the abundance of resources through consumption and contributing to the population growth of enemies by falling prey to them).

The abiotic or physical environment is also part of the niche because it influences how populations affect, and are affected by, resources and enemies.

The description of a niche may include descriptions of the organism's life history, habitat, and place in the food chain.

According to the competitive exclusion principle, no two species can occupy the same niche in the same environment for a long time.

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nature; ecology research; wild animals; ecology; geoengineering; sustainability

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In ecology, a niche is a term describing the relational position of a species or population in an ecosystem. More formally, the niche includes how a population responds to the abundance of its resources and enemies (e. g., by growing when resources are abundant, and predators, parasites and pathogens are scarce) and how it affects those same factors (e.

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They just have a little because they can't adapt to the new environment, If they are change the environment they will died. So they will not significantly increase.

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a.k.a Gause's Law

2 species that are competing for the same resource cannot both live

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The competitive exclusion principle, sometimes referred to as Gause's Law of competitive exclusion or just Gause's Law, states that two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot stably coexist.

One of the two competitors will always have an ever so slight advantage over the other that leads to extinction of the second competitor in the long run (in a hypothetical non-evolving system) or (in the real world) to an evolutionary shift of the inferior competitor towards a different ecological niche.

As a consequence, competing related species often evolve distinguishing characteristics in areas where they both coexist.

This aids in mate recognition, thus maintaining each species' superiority in exploiting slightly different ecological niches.

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nature; extinction; evolutionary biology; endangered animals; mating and breeding; life sciences

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The competitive exclusion principle, sometimes referred to as Gause's Law of competitive exclusion or just Gause's Law, states that two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot stably coexist.

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The Tardigrade, or 'Water Bear' has built up resistances and immunities to just about everything, and lives just about everywhere. The resistances and whatnot are often times over the top, and unnecessary,  energy that could be better spent on being more mid-range.

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The Panda suffers from extreme specialization, only eating bamboo, mating only under specific conditions, etc.

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Generalist species it has a widely defined as a niche.
All generalist species are omnivores like humans.

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Red Panda

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https://vetmed.illinois.edu/wildlifeencounters/grade9_12/lesson2/adapt_info/specialist.html

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Animals that are Omnivores (eats both plants and meat) are more likely to be Generalists because their diets are larger than animals who are Carnivores (ONLY eats meat) and Herbivores (ONLY eats Plants).

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how specialistation leads to extinction 

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how specialistation leads to extinction 

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if a species is specialied to a certain location they are volnurable to extinction this is because if their environment is destroied or changes dramatically in a short period of time this could lead to no habitable area for that species

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Most species fall into this category, having a wide array of skills, but focusing more on some than others.

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pros and cons of generalist and specialists 

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pros and cons of generalist and specialists 

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generalist- survive climate conditions and changes in the environment
Specialist-live in narrow conditions, they thrive only when conditions are right

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DIFFERENCE  BETWEEN GENERALIST S: Live in one habitat, one may food source but may eat a few others, intolerant of climate/environmental conditions, does not adapt easily. SPECIALISTS: Can live in a variety of places, eats a variety of food, and can survive in a wide range on environmental conditions. live in one habitat, one may food source but may eat a few others, intolerant of climate/environmental conditions, does not adapt easily.

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DIFFERENCE  BETWEEN GENERALIST S: Live in one habitat, one may food source but may eat a few others, intolerant of climate/environmental conditions, does not adapt easily. SPECIALISTS: Can live in a variety of places, eats a variety of food, and can survive in a wide range on environmental conditions. live in one habitat, one may food source but may eat a few others, intolerant of climate/environmental conditions, does not adapt easily.

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https://quizlet.com/182937602/generalist-vs-specialist-species-flash-cards/

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Generalist can adapt and Specialist have a hard time adapting

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Panda

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tigers, raccoons, salamanders

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are getting more and more populated

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage. It is this ability to be successful in a variety of different environments that has enabled the raccoon to maintain large population sizes.

Specialist species are animals that require very unique resources. Often, these species have a very limited diet, or need a specific habitat condition to survive. Tiger salamanders are an example of specialists. They cannot reproduce unless they live in wetland habitats that do not dry out throughout the spring and summer. They also require an abundance of insects and worms for their diet.

Specialist species are more likely to suffer from habitat loss and disruption than generalist species. As a result, many specialist species are becoming threatened, endangered, and extinct due to human activities. In contrast, generalist species are becoming more common. Raccoons are often considered a nuisance animal due to their ability to find shelter and food close to and sometimes in human homes and buildings.

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Wildlife Encounters: Adaptations - Specialist & Generalist

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage.

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https://www.science.gov/topicpages/t/tardigrada+water+bears

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A specialist is a species who can only survive on a particular type of food/diet. It can also needs a particular environment to live as well.
In some cases the species can only eat one particular food all together.

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they both are not limited to only animals. plants can be ether or.

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when habitats change generalists are able to change but specialists don't

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Example of a specialist species.

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https://futureblind.com/2011/07/29/generalists-vs-specialists-and-the-specialists-dilemma/

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Specialist species a unique and limited diet. they also need specific habitat conditions to live.

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Specialist species is a type of species that can live in many different environment ex. Raccoons

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A specialized species can only thrive in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet.

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have higher chances of habitat loss/disruption compared to generalist species

many are becoming threatened/endangered/extinct

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage. It is this ability to be successful in a variety of different environments that has enabled the raccoon to maintain large population sizes.

Specialist species are animals that require very unique resources. Often, these species have a very limited diet, or need a specific habitat condition to survive. Tiger salamanders are an example of specialists. They cannot reproduce unless they live in wetland habitats that do not dry out throughout the spring and summer. They also require an abundance of insects and worms for their diet.

Specialist species are more likely to suffer from habitat loss and disruption than generalist species. As a result, many specialist species are becoming threatened, endangered, and extinct due to human activities. In contrast, generalist species are becoming more common. Raccoons are often considered a nuisance animal due to their ability to find shelter and food close to and sometimes in human homes and buildings.

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Wildlife Encounters: Adaptations - Specialist & Generalist

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage.

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Generalists often are just good enough at the things they do to get by. A species going for this approach makes adaptation to drastic environmental changes far easier, because it doesn't need to evolutionarily start from square one.

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humans, brown bears, Coyotes, rabbits, foxes, wolves, common house fly,

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Some examples may be: Generalist: Brown Bear, Coyote, Humans, Rabbits, Foxes, Wolves, Common House Fly. Specialists: Giant Panda, Venus Flytrap, Orca, Koala, Salmon A generalist is a species that is well rounded and can adapt very easily to survive A specialist is a species that

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Specialist species are generally not omnivores because they only eat a specific thing or a few specific things.

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smarter to adapt to the new evvioronment

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brown bears, coyote, humans, rabbits foxes wolves.

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A generalist species is able to survive in a variety of environments and can make use of different resources they find

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Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species.
Black butterfly fish can be another useful example.

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need a lot of insects and worms

need wetland habitats that do not try out during spring and summer to reproduce

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage. It is this ability to be successful in a variety of different environments that has enabled the raccoon to maintain large population sizes.

Specialist species are animals that require very unique resources. Often, these species have a very limited diet, or need a specific habitat condition to survive. Tiger salamanders are an example of specialists. They cannot reproduce unless they live in wetland habitats that do not dry out throughout the spring and summer. They also require an abundance of insects and worms for their diet.

Specialist species are more likely to suffer from habitat loss and disruption than generalist species. As a result, many specialist species are becoming threatened, endangered, and extinct due to human activities. In contrast, generalist species are becoming more common. Raccoons are often considered a nuisance animal due to their ability to find shelter and food close to and sometimes in human homes and buildings.

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Wildlife Encounters: Adaptations - Specialist & Generalist

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage.

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Generalist species can adapt to changing environmental conditions and survive.

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An indicator species is a species so specialized that drastic environmental changes can do serious damage to their populations. scientists use indicator species to tell how well a region is holding up

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need resources that are unique to certain environments

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage. It is this ability to be successful in a variety of different environments that has enabled the raccoon to maintain large population sizes.

Specialist species are animals that require very unique resources. Often, these species have a very limited diet, or need a specific habitat condition to survive. Tiger salamanders are an example of specialists. They cannot reproduce unless they live in wetland habitats that do not dry out throughout the spring and summer. They also require an abundance of insects and worms for their diet.

Specialist species are more likely to suffer from habitat loss and disruption than generalist species. As a result, many specialist species are becoming threatened, endangered, and extinct due to human activities. In contrast, generalist species are becoming more common. Raccoons are often considered a nuisance animal due to their ability to find shelter and food close to and sometimes in human homes and buildings.

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Wildlife Encounters: Adaptations - Specialist & Generalist

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage.

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an example of a specialist is the polar bear. the polar bear can only survive in a narrow range of environments.

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tend to always be omnivores.

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A koala is a great example of a specialist. It can only survive on mainly eucalyptus leaves.
pandas are also one with their diet revolving around bamboo leaves as well as some other plants.

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- Habitat (Temperatures, Environment, Resources)
- Diet
-  Resources
- Adaption
- Moisture
- Sunlight
- Water
- Gas exchange
- etc

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Specialists can live only in a small range of conditions like diet, climate, camouflage, etc. an example of a specialist species are rabbits, moose and wolfs

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Example of a generalist
species.

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are omnivores

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage. It is this ability to be successful in a variety of different environments that has enabled the raccoon to maintain large population sizes.

Specialist species are animals that require very unique resources. Often, these species have a very limited diet, or need a specific habitat condition to survive. Tiger salamanders are an example of specialists. They cannot reproduce unless they live in wetland habitats that do not dry out throughout the spring and summer. They also require an abundance of insects and worms for their diet.

Specialist species are more likely to suffer from habitat loss and disruption than generalist species. As a result, many specialist species are becoming threatened, endangered, and extinct due to human activities. In contrast, generalist species are becoming more common. Raccoons are often considered a nuisance animal due to their ability to find shelter and food close to and sometimes in human homes and buildings.

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Wildlife Encounters: Adaptations - Specialist & Generalist

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage.

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an example of a generalist is the tartegrade or water bear. Been proven to be able to survive in the harshest conditions including the vacuum of space.

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Specialist species is some animas or plant is just have a little bit. it didn't have that much.

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a generalist species is a species that generally has a wide range of things in their diets as well as relatively large area of habitat.

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specialist-herbivores
Generalist-omnivores

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Special species are animals that require very unique resources. These species have very limited diets or require specific habitat conditions to survive.

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specialized species can only survive and participate in the ecosystem when the environment around supports their needs

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Orchid Mantis

Sword Billed hummingbird

koalas

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In December of last year, I gave a presentation to a group of investors on the mental models of robustness and generalist/specialist species. Below are some of my findings, along with how these models can be applied to business and investing.

Animal species reside on a scale with "generalist" on one end and "specialist" on the other. Specialists can live only in a narrow range of conditions: diet, climate, camouflage, etc. Generalists are able to survive a wide variety of conditions and changes in the environment: food, climate, predators, etc.

Specialists thrive when conditions are just right. They fulfill a niche and are very effective at competing with other organisms. They have good mechanisms for coping with "known" risks. But when the specific conditions change, they are much more likely to go extinct. Generalists respond much better to changes/uncertainty. These species usually survive for very long periods because they deal with unanticipated risks better. They have very coarse behavior: eat any food available, survive in many climates, use a simple mechanism to defend a wide range of predators, etc. But unlike specialists they don't maximize their current environment, because they don't fill a niche where they could be more successful. It's tough being a generalist-there's more competition.

An environment with more competition breeds more specialists. Rainforests have huge diversity and competition, and therefore many specialist species.

Specialist examples: Orchid mantis (colorful mantis with appendages like leaves, thrives only on orchids and in tropics), sword-billed hummingbird (beak longer than body, co-evolved with flowers having very long corollas and difficult getting food elsewhere), (lives almost entirely on eucalyptus filling a niche that is toxic to most animals).

Generalist examples: (survives in most climates, only needs water/moisture and a food source, only defense is responding to puffs of air), (wide diet, omnivore, lives in any area with trees, brush, or structures), (found everywhere in the world but the Artic, not picky eaters), horseshoe crab (wide diet on floor of sea bed, tolerates wide range of water temperature, can survive in low oxygen waters and out of water for extended periods; species over 360MYO).

Specialists & Generalists in Business

This model can be applied to many different areas.

Investors themselves can be put on the specialist/generalist scale. The most specialized investors focus only on narrow segments of the market or certain types of securities. They can be very successful during certain time periods but in the long run are usually disrupted by a changing investment landscape or black-swan-like event. The most generalized investors use very coarse, unchanging rules and are truly "go anywhere", willing to buy or sell any type of security around the world. They may underperform or lag behind their specialized brethren in the short term but will likely do well in the long run when averaged out over many different environments. Most investors (including Warren Buffett) lie somewhere in between these two extremes. Specialists include investors in certain industries like Sam Zell (real estate) and Ron Burkle (retail), or in certain situations like Jim Chanos (shorting) and David Tepper (distressed). True generalists are more rare, but include great investors like Ben Graham and Seth Klarman.

A more interesting application is to the competitive business world. Like in the animal kingdom, generalists are rare and are usually much bigger than the specialists. They include big multinationals like Johnson & Johnson, Wal-Mart, Coca-Cola, and Proctor & Gamble. Also included are conglomerates that may hold many diversified specialists like General Electric or Berkshire Hathaway. Specialists are businesses that focus on a local niche whether in geography or product space. Because many specialists can dominate their niche, they're usually protected by moats and thus have high returns.

This is what I call the Specialist's Dilemma. The stronger your competitive position, the more vulnerable you are to eventually being disrupted and replaced.

Let me explain further. Out of the universe of companies that have strong competitive moats, many of them have advantages originating from the niches they occupy. (Which can lead to barriers like economies of scale, brand attachment driven by habit, and being ahead on the learning curve.) These advantages are durable only as long as the niche itself remains viable. In other words, the more specialized a company's dominance is, the stronger its advantages are - but the higher the odds of the niche itself eventually disappearing. Not disappearing due to competitors within the industry, but due to the niche being completely destroyed and replaced by something else. The timing of when this happens partially depends on the "clockspeed" of innovation within the industry ( more on that in my last post).

Just something to think about if you're a long term investor or business manager.

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Generalists vs. Specialists (And the Specialist's Dilemma)

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Animal species reside on a scale with "generalist" on one end and "specialist" on the other. Specialists can live only in a narrow range of conditions, while generalists are able to survive a wide variety of conditions and changes in the environment. The Specialist's Dilemma is when the stronger your competitive position, the more vulnerable...

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Specialists boost their ability to do select things well, like digesting leaves efficiently, etc.

Often times, investing so many years of evolution into specialization leaves specialists at a severe disadvantage in adapting to new environments.

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Specialists can do a handful of things very well

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Racoon, rattle snake, seagulls, Brown Bear, Coyote, Humans, Rabbits, Foxes, Wolves, Common House Fly

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Are species that need unique resources and have a limited diet and can only live in certain habitats

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Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage. It is this ability to be successful in a variety of different environments that has enabled the raccoon to maintain large population sizes.

Specialist species are animals that require very unique resources. Often, these species have a very limited diet, or need a specific habitat condition to survive. Tiger salamanders are an example of specialists. They cannot reproduce unless they live in wetland habitats that do not dry out throughout the spring and summer. They also require an abundance of insects and worms for their diet.

Specialist species are more likely to suffer from habitat loss and disruption than generalist species. As a result, many specialist species are becoming threatened, endangered, and extinct due to human activities. In contrast, generalist species are becoming more common. Raccoons are often considered a nuisance animal due to their ability to find shelter and food close to and sometimes in human homes and buildings.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Wildlife Encounters: Adaptations - Specialist & Generalist

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are considered generalists. Raccoons are the classic example of a generalist species. Their range extends throughout North and Central America. They are omnivores that can thrive on many different foods, including human garbage.

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Generalists can do several things well

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Horseshoe crab

rats

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In December of last year, I gave a presentation to a group of investors on the mental models of robustness and generalist/specialist species. Below are some of my findings, along with how these models can be applied to business and investing.

Animal species reside on a scale with "generalist" on one end and "specialist" on the other. Specialists can live only in a narrow range of conditions: diet, climate, camouflage, etc. Generalists are able to survive a wide variety of conditions and changes in the environment: food, climate, predators, etc.

Specialists thrive when conditions are just right. They fulfill a niche and are very effective at competing with other organisms. They have good mechanisms for coping with "known" risks. But when the specific conditions change, they are much more likely to go extinct. Generalists respond much better to changes/uncertainty. These species usually survive for very long periods because they deal with unanticipated risks better. They have very coarse behavior: eat any food available, survive in many climates, use a simple mechanism to defend a wide range of predators, etc. But unlike specialists they don't maximize their current environment, because they don't fill a niche where they could be more successful. It's tough being a generalist-there's more competition.

An environment with more competition breeds more specialists. Rainforests have huge diversity and competition, and therefore many specialist species.

Specialist examples: Orchid mantis (colorful mantis with appendages like leaves, thrives only on orchids and in tropics), sword-billed hummingbird (beak longer than body, co-evolved with flowers having very long corollas and difficult getting food elsewhere), (lives almost entirely on eucalyptus filling a niche that is toxic to most animals).

Generalist examples: (survives in most climates, only needs water/moisture and a food source, only defense is responding to puffs of air), (wide diet, omnivore, lives in any area with trees, brush, or structures), (found everywhere in the world but the Artic, not picky eaters), horseshoe crab (wide diet on floor of sea bed, tolerates wide range of water temperature, can survive in low oxygen waters and out of water for extended periods; species over 360MYO).

Specialists & Generalists in Business

This model can be applied to many different areas.

Investors themselves can be put on the specialist/generalist scale. The most specialized investors focus only on narrow segments of the market or certain types of securities. They can be very successful during certain time periods but in the long run are usually disrupted by a changing investment landscape or black-swan-like event. The most generalized investors use very coarse, unchanging rules and are truly "go anywhere", willing to buy or sell any type of security around the world. They may underperform or lag behind their specialized brethren in the short term but will likely do well in the long run when averaged out over many different environments. Most investors (including Warren Buffett) lie somewhere in between these two extremes. Specialists include investors in certain industries like Sam Zell (real estate) and Ron Burkle (retail), or in certain situations like Jim Chanos (shorting) and David Tepper (distressed). True generalists are more rare, but include great investors like Ben Graham and Seth Klarman.

A more interesting application is to the competitive business world. Like in the animal kingdom, generalists are rare and are usually much bigger than the specialists. They include big multinationals like Johnson & Johnson, Wal-Mart, Coca-Cola, and Proctor & Gamble. Also included are conglomerates that may hold many diversified specialists like General Electric or Berkshire Hathaway. Specialists are businesses that focus on a local niche whether in geography or product space. Because many specialists can dominate their niche, they're usually protected by moats and thus have high returns.

This is what I call the Specialist's Dilemma. The stronger your competitive position, the more vulnerable you are to eventually being disrupted and replaced.

Let me explain further. Out of the universe of companies that have strong competitive moats, many of them have advantages originating from the niches they occupy. (Which can lead to barriers like economies of scale, brand attachment driven by habit, and being ahead on the learning curve.) These advantages are durable only as long as the niche itself remains viable. In other words, the more specialized a company's dominance is, the stronger its advantages are - but the higher the odds of the niche itself eventually disappearing. Not disappearing due to competitors within the industry, but due to the niche being completely destroyed and replaced by something else. The timing of when this happens partially depends on the "clockspeed" of innovation within the industry ( more on that in my last post).

Just something to think about if you're a long term investor or business manager.

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Generalists vs. Specialists (And the Specialist's Dilemma)

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Animal species reside on a scale with "generalist" on one end and "specialist" on the other. Specialists can live only in a narrow range of conditions, while generalists are able to survive a wide variety of conditions and changes in the environment. The Specialist's Dilemma is when the stronger your competitive position, the more vulnerable...

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Generalist:
Can live in variety type of places, can eat any type of food and can survive in a wide range of environment.

Specialist:
A specie (s) that can't adapt to a new environment easily

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specialist species are species that can only live in a certain type of environment and tend to have a very limited diet based on the environment they thrive in.

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The term "specialized species" describes any species of animal or plant adapted to its particular habitat, food source, climatic condition, etc., if any of its particular requirements change, this species cannot adapt due to its high degree of specialization and therefore it is extremely vulnerable to the decrease or extinction of the population.

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Generalists can survive a wide variety of conditions and changes in the environment. Food, climate, predators, and more.

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Generalist is a species that is well rounded and can adapt very easily to survive

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Generalist is a species that is well rounded and can adapt very easily to survive

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https://prezi.com/qnlnj7tvs8eo/generalist-vs-specialists/

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Specialist species can only  survive in some specific habitats.

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In December of last year, I gave a presentation to a group of investors on the mental models of robustness and generalist/specialist species. Below are some of my findings, along with how these models can be applied to business and investing.

Animal species reside on a scale with "generalist" on one end and "specialist" on the other. Specialists can live only in a narrow range of conditions: diet, climate, camouflage, etc. Generalists are able to survive a wide variety of conditions and changes in the environment: food, climate, predators, etc.

Specialists thrive when conditions are just right. They fulfill a niche and are very effective at competing with other organisms. They have good mechanisms for coping with "known" risks. But when the specific conditions change, they are much more likely to go extinct. Generalists respond much better to changes/uncertainty. These species usually survive for very long periods because they deal with unanticipated risks better. They have very coarse behavior: eat any food available, survive in many climates, use a simple mechanism to defend a wide range of predators, etc. But unlike specialists they don't maximize their current environment, because they don't fill a niche where they could be more successful. It's tough being a generalist-there's more competition.

An environment with more competition breeds more specialists. Rainforests have huge diversity and competition, and therefore many specialist species.

Specialist examples: Orchid mantis (colorful mantis with appendages like leaves, thrives only on orchids and in tropics), sword-billed hummingbird (beak longer than body, co-evolved with flowers having very long corollas and difficult getting food elsewhere), (lives almost entirely on eucalyptus filling a niche that is toxic to most animals).

Generalist examples: (survives in most climates, only needs water/moisture and a food source, only defense is responding to puffs of air), (wide diet, omnivore, lives in any area with trees, brush, or structures), (found everywhere in the world but the Artic, not picky eaters), horseshoe crab (wide diet on floor of sea bed, tolerates wide range of water temperature, can survive in low oxygen waters and out of water for extended periods; species over 360MYO).

Specialists & Generalists in Business

This model can be applied to many different areas.

Investors themselves can be put on the specialist/generalist scale. The most specialized investors focus only on narrow segments of the market or certain types of securities. They can be very successful during certain time periods but in the long run are usually disrupted by a changing investment landscape or black-swan-like event. The most generalized investors use very coarse, unchanging rules and are truly "go anywhere", willing to buy or sell any type of security around the world. They may underperform or lag behind their specialized brethren in the short term but will likely do well in the long run when averaged out over many different environments. Most investors (including Warren Buffett) lie somewhere in between these two extremes. Specialists include investors in certain industries like Sam Zell (real estate) and Ron Burkle (retail), or in certain situations like Jim Chanos (shorting) and David Tepper (distressed). True generalists are more rare, but include great investors like Ben Graham and Seth Klarman.

A more interesting application is to the competitive business world. Like in the animal kingdom, generalists are rare and are usually much bigger than the specialists. They include big multinationals like Johnson & Johnson, Wal-Mart, Coca-Cola, and Proctor & Gamble. Also included are conglomerates that may hold many diversified specialists like General Electric or Berkshire Hathaway. Specialists are businesses that focus on a local niche whether in geography or product space. Because many specialists can dominate their niche, they're usually protected by moats and thus have high returns.

This is what I call the Specialist's Dilemma. The stronger your competitive position, the more vulnerable you are to eventually being disrupted and replaced.

Let me explain further. Out of the universe of companies that have strong competitive moats, many of them have advantages originating from the niches they occupy. (Which can lead to barriers like economies of scale, brand attachment driven by habit, and being ahead on the learning curve.) These advantages are durable only as long as the niche itself remains viable. In other words, the more specialized a company's dominance is, the stronger its advantages are - but the higher the odds of the niche itself eventually disappearing. Not disappearing due to competitors within the industry, but due to the niche being completely destroyed and replaced by something else. The timing of when this happens partially depends on the "clockspeed" of innovation within the industry ( more on that in my last post).

Just something to think about if you're a long term investor or business manager.

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Generalists vs. Specialists (And the Specialist's Dilemma)

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Animal species reside on a scale with "generalist" on one end and "specialist" on the other. Specialists can live only in a narrow range of conditions, while generalists are able to survive a wide variety of conditions and changes in the environment. The Specialist's Dilemma is when the stronger your competitive position, the more vulnerable...

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The difference between generalist and specialist specie.

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The difference between generalist and specialist specie.

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Generalist is being rounded and can adapt easily to survive.
Specialist is being limited to a certain way of survival.

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Specialists focus into being able to do a few things really well at the cost of adaptability

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generalist species are able to live in a lot of different environments

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A type of species that is versatile relative to different environments