# data[].attributes.body
HEWARD, W. L. (2018). EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN: An introduction to special education. UPPER SADDLE RIVER: PEARSON.

# data[].attributes.body
Learning Disorders in Children. (2020, July 13). Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/learning-disorder.html

# data[].attributes.headline
9. What are the educational placement alternatives for students with learning disabilities?

# data[].attributes.subject
9. What are the educational placement alternatives for students with learning disabilities?

# data[].attributes.body
Since a child must be educated in their least restrictive environment, or with their non-disabled peers to the greatest extent possible, there are many placement alternatives for students with learning disabilities. Students with learning disabilities may be placed in the general education classroom with or without a “consultant” special education teacher, in a resource room, or in a separate classroom. (Heward, Alber-Morgan, & Konrad, 2018, p. 174).

# data[].attributes.headline
8. What are the suspected causes of learning disabilities?

# data[].attributes.subject
8. What are the suspected causes of learning disabilities?

# data[].attributes.body
Due to the wide range of learning disabilities, in most cases, the cause of a child’s learning disability is unknown. “Three classes of suspected causes include brain damage or dysfunction, heredity, and environmental factors” (Heward, Alber-Morgan, & Konrad, 2018, p. 153).

# data[].attributes.headline
7. What are the characteristics (in general) of children and youth with learning disabilities?

# data[].attributes.subject
7. What are the characteristics (in general) of children and youth with learning disabilities?

# data[].attributes.body
Some general characteristic of children and youth with learning disabilities are: difficulty reading, writing deficits, math underachievement, poor social skills, attention deficits with hyperactivity, behavior problems, and low self-esteem or self-efficacy. “The signature characteristics of students with learning disabilities is severe low achievement despite generally effective instruction and intelligence within normal range” (Heward, Alber-Morgan, & Konrad, 2018, p. 151).

# data[].attributes.headline
6. What are the three key components in operationalizing the IDEA definition of learning disabilities?

# data[].attributes.subject
6. What are the three key components in operationalizing the IDEA definition of learning disabilities?

# data[].attributes.body
When operationalizing the IDEA definition of learning disabilities, “most states require three criteria: a severe discrepancy between the student’s intellectual ability and academic achievement, an exclusion criterion— the student’s difficulties are not the result of another known condition that can cause learning problems, and a need for special education services”. (Heward, Alber-Morgan, & Konrad, 2018, p. 144).