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THREATS TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VALIDITY

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THREATS TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VALIDITY

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"Internal validity refers to whether an experimental treatment/condition makes a difference or not, and whether there is sufficient evidence to support the claim. External validity refers to generalization of the treatment/condition outcomes" (web.pdx.edu). Threat to internal validity would be selection of focus groups have to be without bias and threat to external validity would be the questionnaire questions should be the same material but not the same exact questions. This way students are not able to share their answers that could tamper with the outcome. External validity would be selection maturation effect because my groups would not be the same age and would possibly mature at different rates.

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To gather data for this research topic a pre-test would be conducted that students have taken in a traditional setting. The material will be taught again using digital education. Digital education will include games, etc. Afterwards a post test will be given to see if the digital education was effective. With its results four focused groups of 6-12 students will be created for study. A focus group is "a type of group interview in which a moderator leads a discussion with a small group of individuals to examine, in detail how the members think and feel about a topic", (Johnson & Christensen 2016). In this case it would be affective learning in digital education.

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1. Johnson & Christensen (2016). Educational research. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Pub.
2. Mesfin Gebremariam, Ghinea Gheorghita, Grønli Tor-Morten, & Hwang Wu-Yuin. (2018). Enhanced Agility of E-Learning Adoption in High Schools. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(4), 157.
3. Fikri Anza, Achmad Luthfi, & Arfah Saragih. (2019). Introduction E-Learning in Educational Sector Case Study Senior High School in DKI Jakarta. ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, 3(1), 139–162. https://doi.org/10.7454/ajce.v3i1.149

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Obvious I would go with Internet Experiment because my research is studying digital education. Johnson & Christensen explains, "internet experiment is an experimental study that is conducted over the Internet. Internet experiments have the same characteristics as either a field or laboratory experiment in that the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables and controls for as many extraneous variables as possible" (Johnson & Christensen 2016).

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HIGH SCHOOL:
AGES 13-18

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How is digital education becoming more effective than traditional education?

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As educators we are always trying to find ways to encourage students and keep them engaged in their learning.   Digital Education has made its debut and it is clear it will not be going away soon. This research will help educators understand the need for embracing digital learning and its effectiveness when conducted the proper way.

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Since the pandemic, our school systems have been trying to adapt to a new source of learning environment: digital education. In the beginning students and teachers have been reluctant to embrace the change but most school districts have no choice because the pandemic has been getting worse. Now the research has to be done to evaluate if digital education is being effective. Traditional settings have been the norm for centuries but are we finding out our education system needs a permanent change? It is hard to gauge its effectiveness because students are still having trouble signing on and do not know how to submit assignments properly. The school district wants us to be lenient on students attendance. This too would be a problem with research because the students I want to target, are the students who are having trouble adapting.

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Brief Background of Topic: Effective Learning in Digital Education

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Brief Background of Topic: Effective Learning in Digital Education

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The world of Educational Psychology and Technology is very important in our society today. This program intergrades technology to improve teaching and learning outcomes. Therefore, I chose for a research plan effective learning in digital education. "In the age of information, the technology and in particular the information technology in the shape of e-learning has landscaped the education industry. The latently impending shift from the classical design of teaching and training is a source of both the challenges and opportunities for higher education institutions. " (Gebremariam, Gheorghita, Morten, & Wu-Yuin 2018). The United States has had no choice but to dive into digital education. This research will attempt to conclude if digital education has been affective and not "effective".