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One theory as how to the universe formed.

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Roamed earth for food

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Language, fire, wood, and stone

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Permanent settlements

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An exchange of goods.

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Worship of more than one god

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government in which priest rule in the name of god.

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Status based on ability.

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Used to write on in Egypt.

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code of law in Ancient Mesopotamia.

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city that runs like a state.

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Rules of a country.

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Idea that there can only be one ruler.

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Use to fight in war

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removed from job.

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Exchange for military service.

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used to grow crops

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Group of people who settle in new places but kept titles to their homeland.

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King or queen rules kingdom or empire

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class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially the hereditary nobility.

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form of government run by a small number of people such as wealthy landowners, royalty or powerful military figures.

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which people decide on policy initiatives directly.

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A government that is ruled by the people.

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rectangular mass military formation, usually composed entirely of heavy infantry armed with spears, pikes, sarissas, or similar pole weapons.

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country that has the capacity to project dominating power

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one who murders a politically important person either for money or from fanatical adherence to a cause.

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A professional soldier hired for service in a foreign army

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In economics, hyperinflation is very high.

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"Roman peace," refers to the time period from 27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E. in the Roman Empire.

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nations or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful sovereign or government

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Long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns

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put it in a bag," a military leader's command to his troops to plunder a city

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a language used for communication between groups of people who speak different languages

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the period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (5th century) to the fall of Constantinople (1453), or, more narrowly, from c. 1100 to 1453.

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the Bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church.

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king of France in the late eighth and early ninth centuries and was crowned emperor in 800. He is especially remembered for his encouragement of education.

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Scandinavian seafaring pirates and traders who raided and settled in many parts of northwestern Europe in the 8th–11th centuries.

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the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service.

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(especially in former times) a person of noble rank or birth.

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widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality.

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an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.

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All legal and economic power belonged to the lord of the manor. who was supported economically from his land and from contributions from the peasant population under his authority.

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(in the Middle Ages) a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor.

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a large building, typically of the medieval period

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military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside.

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faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632) Synonyms: Mahomet, Mahound, Mohammad, Mohammed Example of: prophet

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the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic

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Sharia, Sharia law, or Islamic law is a religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition

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struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam.

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group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs (typically regarded as heretical) from those of a larger group to which they belong.

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components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation marks

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a mix of chemical substances (70% charcoal, 15%sulfur and 15% (saltpeter]]). It burns very quickly, and creates gases.

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system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

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Pastoralism is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. It is animal husbandry.

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an empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century,

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is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.

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group of families or households, as among the Scottish Highlanders, the heads of which claim descent from a common ancestor

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Mongol leader

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flexible noncommittal attacks are used to inflict damage on a target and immediately exit the area to avoid the enemy's defense and/or retaliation.

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violence or threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes

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ancient network of trade routes, formally established during the Han Dynasty of China

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city founded by the Roman emperor Constantine the Great as capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire.

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the art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations. 2

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legal code of ancient Rom. Basis for many modern systems of civil law.

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was an incendiary weapon used by the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire that was first developed c. 672.

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new military system created during the Heraclian Dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, in which land was granted to farmers who, in return, would provide the empire with loyal soldiers.

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period of division in the Roman Catholic Church, 1378–1417,

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contagious, often fatal epidemic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pests, transmitted from person to person or by the bite of fleas

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a member of an elite military unit of the Turkish army organized in the 14th century and abolished in 1826 after it revolted against the Sultan

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highly successful, unexpected stroke, act, or move; a clever action or accomplishment.

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buying or selling of something spiritual or closely connected with the spiritual

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the action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church.

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tenth part of something paid as a voluntary contribution or as a tax especially for the support of religious supplement

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Pope Urban II, born Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was Pope from 12 March 1088 to his death in 1099.

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was a Muslim military and political leader who as sultan (or leader) led Islamic forces during the Crusades.

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English Reconquest, in medieval Spain and Portugal, a series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Muslims (Moors), who had occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century.

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organization established by Spain

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The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from roughly the fourteenth through the middle of the seventeenth centuries

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institution of higher education

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using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language.

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farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farm land was divided into three parts.

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an association of people with similar interests or pursuits especially : a medieval association of merchants or craftsmen

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European economy based on trade, which began in the 11th century

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societies from hunting and gathering to farming. This transition occurred worldwide between 10,000 BC and 2000 BC, with the earliest known developments taking place in the Middle East.

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toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants

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person who flagellates or scourges himself or herself for religious discipline. a person who derives sexual pleasure from whipping or being whipped by another person.

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large drawn by hand

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French military leader of the fifteenth century, a national heroine who at the age of seventeen took up arms to establish the rightful king on the French throne

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The strong belief that the interests of a particular nation-state are of primary importance

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a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.

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variety of ethical theory and practice that emphasizes reason, scientific inquiry, and human fulfillment in the natural world and often rejects the importance of belief in God.

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Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, writer, playwright and poet of the Renaissance period. He has often been called the father of modern political science.

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punishment consists of either earthly sufferings or time spent after death in Purgatory

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major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church

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heology, is the doctrine that all events have been willed by God, usually with reference to the eventual fate of the individual soul

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was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church

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a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

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n Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500) navigator. in earlier times, a person who explored by ship.