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Marked difference or deviation from the normal or recognized form, function, or structure.

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A trait that has been passed down from other generations.

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The extent to which an organism is adapted to or able to produce offspring in a particular environment.

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For a given individual, the number of offspring that survive to reproduce.

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The process in nature by which, according to Darwin's theory of evolution, only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics in increasing numbers to succeeding generations while those less adapted tend to be eliminated.

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A structure such as a bone or organ in an organism that has lost all of its original function due to evolution.

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The similar anatomical structures such as bones or organs of two or more organisms that indicate a common evolutionary origin, even though the structures have different functions.

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A temperate species of night-flying moth. Educators often use peppered moth evolution as an example of natural selection.

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The act or process of being altered or changed.

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A group of volcanic islands lying along the equator in the Pacific Ocean west of the mainland of Ecuador. The islands are famous for their rare species of fauna, including the giant tortoises for which they are named. Charles Darwin visited the islands in 1835 and collected a wealth of scientific data that contributed to his theory of natural selection.

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Change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations, as a result of natural selection acting on the genetic variation among individuals, and resulting in the development of new species.

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The action or response taken by an organism when it responds to a stimulus or its environment.

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The actual or hypothetical organism from which later kinds evolved.

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characteristics that gives an organism an advantage in its environment.