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Between 1806 and 1812, Napoleon made important territorial changes in German-speaking lands.
- He annexed lands along the Rhine River for France.
-He dissolved the Holy Roman Empire by forcing the emperor of Austria to agree to the lesser title of king.
-He organized a number of German states into the Rhine Confederation.
The emperor of Prussia encouraged freeing the serfs, made trade easier, and abolished laws against Jews. In the 1830’s Prussia created an economic union called the Zollverein. It dismantled tariff barriers between many German states. Still, Germany remained politically fragmented.

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Like his grandfather William 2 lavished funds on the German military machine which was already the most powerful in Europe at the time.

He also launched a campaign to expanded the German navy and win a overseas rival with those of Britain and France.

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German industrialists were the first to see the value of applied science in producing such as synthetic chemicals and dyes.

The government:

1. supported research

2. development in the university

3. promoted economic development.

4. Reorganized the banking system

5. Coordinated railroads built

6, raised tariffs in the late 1800s to protect home industries

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1)     Iron and coal raises Germany’s growth

2)     Disciplined and Educated workforce

3)    Middle class and educated professionals improve productively and efficiently society.

4)     Pride itself on its sense of responsibility and deference to authority.

5)     Rapid growing population 41-67 million 1871-1914

6)     Huge home market

7)     Founded larger companies and many railroads early on. 1850s and 1860s

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The Bundesrat, or upper house. The Reichstag, or lower.

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William I of Prussia took the title of Kaiser, or emperor. Nationalists gave birth to the Second Reich.

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Prussia annexed multiple German states. Prussia started wars with France.

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The legislature refused to vote for funds for the military. He started 3 wars that led closer to German unification

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Realpolitik, or realistic politics based on the needs of the state. Although he was the architect of German unity. He was not really a German nationalist.

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Otto von Bismarck succeeded in uniting Germany. He came from Prussia’s Junker class, made up of conservative landowning nobles. He first became a diplomat to Russia and France. Then he became prime minister to King William I. In 1871 he became chancellor. Blood and Iron was his most famous speech. It was delivered in 1862. Its purpose was to build up the army.

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The Raise of Socialist Democratic Party| Bismarck’s Policies

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The Raise of Socialist Democratic Party| Bismarck’s Policies

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The Socialist Democratic party grew to the point that in 1912, it held more seats in Reichstag than any of the other parties. The policies that Bismarck’s program set showed that a revolution wasn’t needed. European nations increased government’s role in providing the needs of its citizens.

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Bismarck Attacks the Socialists | Change Course

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Bismarck Attacks the Socialists | Change Course

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Late 1870s, German Marxists had set up the Socialists Democratic party. Which is called parliamentary democracy and laws to improve conditions for the working class.  Bismarck feared this and passed laws to try to stop the group from taking the loyalty of the German workers. This backfired though and workers started to support the socialist cause.

Bismarck in the 1890s passed laws for health and accident insurance to get the German workers back on his side. This social reform’s system of economic safeguards became the model for other European nations

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Kulturkampf, or battle for civilization. This lasted from 1871 to 1878. During this time laws were passed that would supervise Catholic education and put the Catholics loyalty to the state. The laws got to the point where Jesuits were expelled from Prussia. This would backfire for Bismarck because the Catholic party gained power in the Reichstag. Making Bismarck work to make peace with the church.

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Text 4/The Iron Chancellor | Catholic Church - Emma Seibel

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Text 4/The Iron Chancellor | Catholic Church - Emma Seibel

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Bismarck, the Iron chancellor of the German Empire, had foreign policy goals.

1)     To keep France weak.

2)     Wanted to build strong links with Austria and Russia

3)    Respectful at first to the British naval power but later on competed for overseas colonies.

Bismarck wanted to erase local loyalties and crush all opposition to the imperial state. Two groups he targeted: Catholic Church and the Socialists.  When unification happened a third of Germany was Catholic and to Bismarck, a Lutheran, they weren’t to be trusted.

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Germany defeated Napoleon III in the France-Prussian War. Germany is the new dominant power in Europe. Aftermath of unification, German empire emerges as the second in shipping and becomes a industrial giant.

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Like his grandfather William 2 lavished funds on the German military machine which was already the most powerful in Europe at the time.

He also launched a campaign to expanded the German navy and win a overseas rival with those of Britain and France.

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Social welfare are programs provided by the state to benefit its citizens.

This programs also helped improve conditions not only for workers and the elderly but also German society in general.
Kaiser William ll resisted efforts to introduce democratic reforms.

The government provided cheap transportation and also a excellent system of public schools which flourished under Bismarck.

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succeeded his grandfather in 1888 and forced Bismarck to resign in 1890. William also thought that he was god.