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deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. The fundamental and distinctive characteristics or qualities of someone or something, especially when regarded as unchangeable.

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determined by genetic factors and therefore able to be passed on from parents to their offspring or descendants.

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relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.

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a dominant trait or gene. Shows up in people.

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A genetically determined characteristic, a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.

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Gravitropism (also known as geotropism) is a coordinated process of differential growth by a plant or fungus in response to gravity pulling on it. It is a general feature of all higher and many lower plants as well as other organisms.

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the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

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the turning or bending of a plant or other organism in response to a touch stimulus.

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the orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light, either toward the source of light ( positive phototropism ) or away from it ( negative phototropism ).

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the growth of the parts of plants with respect to the force of gravity. The upward growth of plant shoots is an instance of negative geotropism ; the downward growth of roots is positive geotropism

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the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

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the vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.

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Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development.

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Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, plants were treated as one of two kingdoms including all living things that were not animals, and all algae and fungi were treated as plants

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A fungus is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, fungi, which is separate from

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The Protista is an heterogeneous group of eukaryotic organisms. That is, the nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, and they contain organized plastids and mitochondria. Most protists are unicellular, but there are some relatively simple multicellular forms.

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a bacterium of a large group typically having simple cells with rigid cell walls and often flagella for movement. The group comprises the “true” bacteria and cyanobacteria, as distinct from archaebacteria.

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microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but different in molecular organization. They are now believed to constitute an ancient intermediate group between the bacteria and eukaryotes.
They are microscopic and can live in extreme environment.

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microorganisms that look like bacteria, but have different molecular organization

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Eukarya includes eukaryotic organisms. These are organisms with cells that contain a nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles. The kingdoms most associated with Eukarya are the Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi kingdoms.

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a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but don't have organelles and an organized nucleus. Some bacteria can cause disease. Bacteria are asexual and prokaryotes.

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Cell theory is the basic principle of biology.

1.  living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.

3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

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Sexual reproduction (on a cellular level)

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Sexual reproduction (on a cellular level)

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In animals, sexual reproduction involves the production of sex cells (gametes) during meiosis followed by their subsequent fusion (fertilization) to yield a zygote. Asexual reproduction occurs when an organism makes a copy of itself without undergoing meiosis and fertilization.

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Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.

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an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

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an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

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Consisting of a single cell

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Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, and are enclosed by a plasma membrane. Organisms that have eukaryotic cells include protozoa, fungi, plants and animals.

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A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that does not have a cell bound membrane.