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provided colleges with benefits to technology that helped with agriculture

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Fredrick Jackson Turner's " Frontier Thesis" 

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Fredrick Jackson Turner's " Frontier Thesis" 

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- Reacting to the closing of the frontier wrote an influential essay
- Closing of frontier troubles Turner

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-created by shareholders, companies

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- Fighting between US troops and American Indians
-Due to settlement of thousands on Indians lands

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-Ending the Indian culture through assimilation

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-PUSHES: religious persecution, poverty and overcrowing/ lack of jobs
-PULLS: political and religious freedom, economic opportunity, jobs

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-divided Native American tribal land into allotments for Individual Native Americans.
-Significance: helped reduce the tribes' ability to live in their traditional ways and ended communal ownership of the land.

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-bill giving 17 states land for colleges
-esablished 70+ colleges

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A company controls the production and sale of a product
- Ex: All the ones connected to this box

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-Land owned by Indians
-Reservations created fo the Indians because they thought the land west of the Mississippi would remain "Indian Country"

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-1868 organized by Oliver H. Kelley
- Social and educational organization for farmers and their families
-Established cooperatives- businesses owned and run by farmers
-Defended members against middlemen
-Munn v. Illinois (1877) the right of the state to regulate businesses of a public nature

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- Because of trade going down and domestic consumption moving slowly farmers had an overproduction of goods
- This is also due to the high protective tariffs
- Caused farmers to lower their prices in order to sell the surplus

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-Made farmers lives much easier
-EX: Mechanical Threshing Machine
McCormick Reaper
- Increased production

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- Created to protect american industry
- Made foreign goods more expensive so they'd buy american goods
-Made farmers pay $100 more

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-In 1888 farmers made up majority of the labor force
-There was better tech = increased production

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- All people born in or naturalized in US were citizens
- obligated states to respect the rights of US citizens and provide them with equal protection of the laws

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- Wrote novels that portrayed a young man of modest means who becomes wealthy through honesty, hard work, and little luck
- Men such as Carnegie and Edison
-American Dream

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Due to the panic of of 1893 bankers like him quickly moved in to take control of the bankrupt railroads and consolidate them

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Def: Combinations of businessmen designed to maximize profits

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-Gave 160 acres of land to people if they lived there for 5 years
-Problem: many had to buy their own land due to land going to railroad companies and speculators
-falling crop prices and cost of new machinery led to the failure of 2/3 homestead farms

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-Coalition of agrarian reformers in the Midwest and south
-got some gov’t representation (congress, governors, etc.)
-GOALS: unlimited coinage of silver, graduated income tax, gov’t owns railroads, direct election of senators
-wanted to strengthen political democracy and help farmers

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-financial panic
-caused 1/4 of all railroads to go bankrupt
-set off by collapse of two of the largest employers: Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and National Cordage Company

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-Industry was mainly growing in northeast and midwest
-^due to high population, most capital and good transportation

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-Labor union
-Industrial unionism
-both skilled and unskilled workers
-Non-discriminatory
-advocates socialism

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-Natural selection and survival of the fittest was applied to markets
-Used by economic conservatives
-Fueled racial intolerance

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-Gov’t regulation of business is completely separate to economic beliefs

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-1869
-Extended and connected markets

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-Linked east and west
-Promoted settlement on Great Plains
-Federal gov’t gave railroad companies money and land to make railroads to promote settlement

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-Book by Andrew Carnegie
-Said that the wealthy should use their money to better society

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-Invested in railroad industry
-Not philanthropic

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-Railroad charges must be fair
-Forbade interstate railroad abuses

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-Horizontal Integration
-John D. Rockefeller

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-Federal gov't had to stop
-Over wage cuts
-Significance: commerce clause

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-Occurs when one company gains control over other companies that produce the same product

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- when a company controls both the production and distribution of its product

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-oil indusrty
- bought oil companies
-ex of horizontal integration

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-Radical
-American labor federation
-Wanted to protect employees

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Pullman rail car company
RENT ( too high )
Eugene V. Debs got jailed from this strike

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- Carnegie steel

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- Set back the union movements in the steel industry

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-Organized by labor radicals
-Goal: 8 hour day
-Significance: decline in Knights of Labor

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- Members: skilled and unskilled  men
-Non-discriminatory
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
-Advocate socialism

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-Founded the AFL
-Craft unionist

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- Our three union goals
-Higher wages, less hours, and better working conditions.

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-Craft union
-Members: unskilled white men

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-Members: Skilled White Men
-American Fed.  of Labor
-Wouldn't strike during war
-Discriminatory
-Cooperate with capitalism

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-Industrial unionism
-Socialist labor leader
-Workers of the World