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Alkaline Earth metals are shiny but not extremely reactive

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Higher melting point than alkali metals

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Low melting/boiling point

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Reacts with alkali metals

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Usually vibrant in colour

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- Less reactive than alkali metals
- have two electrons on the valence shell
- group 2

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Have one electron in their outermost layer of electrons, Silvery, soft, and not dense, Incredibly reactive.

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- Full outer shell ( stable )
- Least reactive
- Group 18
-

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Consists of 2 metalloids and 2 metals. Only one element from this group ( Carbon is the only element in this group that can be found pure within nature ). Are quite stable and are fairly unreactive. Their melting and boiling points are quite high compared to group 13 meaning to melt or boil each element it would take higher temperature although these melting/boiling points decrease as you go down the table. This can be seen by lead being able to be liquified by just a flame. Will have 4 valence electrons.

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Alkai metals have:
- low melting and low boiling points
- one electron in their outer shell
- reactive
- not dense
- silvery

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The nitrogen family is also known as the pnictogen group, meaning 'to choke' in Greek. This is because of the 'choking' gas of nitrogen in the group. These elements require three valence electrons on the outer shell to become stable. Each element, except nitrogen, are solid at room temperature. Density, and melting and boiling points increase going down the group. Nitrogen and phosphorus are nonmetals, arsenic and antimony are mettalliods, while bismuth and moscovium are metals.

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Alkali metals react violently with water

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Have strong bonds between atoms, this means they’re hard and have a high melting point

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Very reactive, shiny

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Nitrogen group elements are any of the chemical elements in group 15. They have the widest range of physical state than any other group in the periodic table. They are different chemically too. Nitrogen and phosphorus are non metals, while arsenic and antimony are metalloids, and bismuth is a metal.
-Victoria

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Stable

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Show extreme chemical behaviour

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– Also known as chalcogens
– Commonly found in copper ores
– Increase in density, melting and boiling point down the group

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It could have 1, 2, 3 or  4 valence electrons
Iron, gold and titanium are examples

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get bigger and become less reactive as you move down the group

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Alkali earth metals have 2 valence electrons

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High melting and boiling points

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Period 4 in the table are magnetic

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Full valence shell

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easily ionised, very reactive; excellent conductor of heat and electricity; high ductility, react vigorously with water.

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found in types of salt not in their natural form

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+2 charge

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Very dense, colourless

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Malleable

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The elements are the top of the group are essential to life(oxygen), lower down the group they’re quite toxic(Tellurium)

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-Two electrons in the outer shell and a full outer electron shell
-low densities
-Low melting points and boiling points
-malleable
-ductile
-shiny
-appear dull

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- somewhat reactive and standard room temperature and pressure
- low densities
- low melting point
- low boiling point
- two electrons in their outer shell

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Oxygen, Sulfur, tellurium and livermorium are some in the family

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Metallic properties increase down the group; carbon is a non-metal, silicon and germanium are metalloids, and tin and lead are poor metals (they conduct heat and electricity less effectively than other metals.)

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They often are quite dense

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They are good conductors of heat

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Group 17

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Fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid.

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Group

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Group 16

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-Highly reactive
-toxic and potentially lethal
-Boiling point increases moving down the group because the Van der Waals force is greater with increases size and atomic mass.

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Halogens are the seventeenth group of the periodic table. They require only one electron on their valence shell to become stable. As a result of this, they form ions with a charge of -1. Reactivity decreases as you move down the group.

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Alkali metals:
-form ions with a charge of +1
-have typical metallic properties Eg. They are lustrous
-display extreme chemical behaviour
-are far too reactive to be found naturally in their pure forms- instead they are found as compounds

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Alkaline Earth Metals:
-react in a similar but slightly less reactive way to the alkali metals
- when they react, alkaline earth metals lose two electrons from each atom to form ions with a charge of 2+.

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Transition Metals:
- groups 3 to 12
- all of them are metals including valuable metals like gold, platinum and silver
- their solutions and salts are colourful
- they have very similar properties; for example they all tend to be relatively hard with high melting points
-the period for four metals are magnetic