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As used in this chapter:

(A) "Employ" means to permit or suffer to work.

(B) "Employer" means the state, its political subdivisions, and every person who employs any individual.

(C) "Enforcement official" means the director of commerce or the director's authorized representative, the superintendent of public instruction or the superintendent's authorized representative, any school attendance officer, any probation officer, the director of health or the director of health's authorized representative, and any representative of a local department of health.

(D) "Minor" means any person less than eighteen years of age.

(E) "Seasonal amusement or recreational establishment" means both of the following:

(1) An amusement or recreational establishment that does not operate for more than seven months in any calendar year;

(2) An amusement or recreational establishment whose average receipts for any six months during the preceding calendar year were not more than thirty-three and one-third per cent of its average receipts for the other six months of that calendar year.

Effective Date: 07-01-2000; 03-30-2006 .

(A) Except as provided in division (B) of this section or in section 4109.06 of the Revised Code, no minor of compulsory school age shall be employed by any employer unless the minor presents to the employer a proper age and schooling certificate as a condition of employment.

A valid certificate constitutes conclusive evidence of the age of the minor and of the employer's right to employ the minor in occupations not denied by law to minors of that age under section 4109.06 of the Revised Code or rules adopted under that section.

(B) Minors aged sixteen or seventeen are not required to provide an age and schooling certificate as a condition of employment if they are to be employed during summer vacation months after the last day of the school term in the spring and before the first day of the school term in the fall, in nonagricultural and nonhazardous employment as defined by the "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938," 52 Stat. 1060, 29 U.S.C.A. 201, and similar state statutes, or in other employment not prohibited to minors age sixteen or seventeen by law.

(C) To be hired for the type of employment described in division (B) of this section, minors shall provide the employer with the following:

(1) Evidence of proof of age in the same manner as proof of age is provided the superintendent of schools or chief administrative officer under division (A)(3) of section 3331.02 of the Revised Code;

(2) A statement signed by the minor's parent or guardian consenting to the proposed employment. For the purposes of this section, in the absence of a parent or guardian, a person over eighteen years of age with whom the minor resides may sign the statement.

Effective Date: 08-28-2002; 03-30-2006 .

No employer shall employ a minor before thoroughly reviewing the minor's age and schooling certificate, required by law, or fail to give notice to the superintendent of schools or chief administrative officer who issued such certificate of the nonuse of the certificate within five working days from such minor's withdrawal or dismissal from the employer's service, or continue to employ a minor after the minor's age and schooling certificate is void, or refuse to permit an enforcement official to observe the conditions under which minors are employed, or to make reasonable inquiry of minors or persons supposed by such official to be under eighteen in regard to matters pertaining to their age, employment, or schooling.

Effective Date: 08-28-2002 .

No employer or officer or agent of an employer shall participate or acquiesce in any violation of law relating to compulsory education or employment of minors.

Effective Date: 01-12-1979 .

(A) The director of commerce, after consultation with the director of health, shall adopt rules, in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code, prohibiting the employment of minors in occupations which are hazardous or detrimental to the health and well-being of minors.

In adopting the rules, the director of commerce shall consider the orders issued pursuant to the "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938," 52 Stat. 1060, 29 U.S.C. 201, as amended.

The director of commerce shall not adopt any rule that prohibits a minor who is sixteen or seventeen years of age and who is employed by an employer under the manufacturing mentorship program created in section 4109.22 of the Revised Code from being employed in a manufacturing occupation if the orders issued pursuant to the "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938," 29 U.S.C. 201, et seq., permit the employment of the minor in the manufacturing occupation. As used in this division, "manufacturing occupation" has the same meaning as in section 4109.22 of the Revised Code.

(B) No minor may be employed in any occupation found hazardous or detrimental to the health and well-being of minors under the rules adopted pursuant to division (A) of this section.

Amended by 133rd General Assembly File No. TBD, HB 166, §101.01, eff. 10/17/2019.

Effective Date: 07-01-2000 .

(A) This chapter does not apply to the following:

(1) Minors who are students working on any properly guarded machines in the manual training department of any school when the work is performed under the personal supervision of an instructor;

(2) Students participating in a career-technical or STEM program approved by the Ohio department of education or students participating in any eligible classes through the college credit plus program established under Chapter 3365. of the Revised Code that include a state-recognized pre-apprenticeship program that imparts the skills and knowledge needed for successful participation in a registered apprenticeship occupation course;

(3) A minor participating in a play, pageant, or concert produced by an outdoor historical drama corporation, a professional traveling theatrical production, a professional concert tour, or a personal appearance tour as a professional motion picture star, or as an actor or performer in motion pictures or in radio or television productions in accordance with the rules adopted pursuant to division (A) of section 4109.05 of the Revised Code;

(4) The participation, without remuneration of a minor and with the consent of a parent or guardian, in a performance given by a church, school, or academy, or at a concert or entertainment given solely for charitable purposes, or by a charitable or religious institution;

(5) Minors who are employed by their parents in occupations other than occupations prohibited by rule adopted under this chapter;

(6) Minors engaged in the delivery of newspapers to the consumer;

(7) Minors who have received a high school diploma or a certificate of attendance from an accredited secondary school or a certificate of high school equivalence;

(8) Minors who are currently heads of households or are parents contributing to the support of their children;

(9) Minors engaged in lawn mowing, snow shoveling, and other related employment;

(10) Minors employed in agricultural employment in connection with farms operated by their parents, grandparents, or guardians where they are members of the guardians' household. Minors are not exempt from this chapter if they reside in agricultural labor camps as defined in section 3733.41 of the Revised Code;

(11) Students participating in a program to serve as precinct officers as authorized by section 3501.22 of the Revised Code.

(B) Sections 4109.02, 4109.08, 4109.09, and 4109.11 of the Revised Code do not apply to the following:

(1) Minors who work in a sheltered workshop operated by a county board of developmental disabilities;

(2) Minors performing services for a nonprofit organization where the minor receives no compensation, except for any expenses incurred by the minor or except for meals provided to the minor;

(3) Minors who are employed in agricultural employment and who do not reside in agricultural labor camps.

(C) Division (D) of section 4109.07 of the Revised Code does not apply to minors who have their employment hours established as follows:

(1) A minor adjudicated to be an unruly child or delinquent child who, as a result of the adjudication, is placed on probation may either file a petition in the juvenile court in whose jurisdiction the minor resides, or apply to the superintendent or to the chief administrative officer who issued the minor's age and schooling certificate pursuant to section 3331.01 of the Revised Code, alleging the restrictions on the hours of employment described in division (D) of section 4109.07 of the Revised Code will cause a substantial hardship or are not in the minor's best interests. Upon receipt of a petition or application, the court, the superintendent, or the chief administrative officer, as appropriate, shall consult with the person required to supervise the minor on probation. If after that consultation, the court, the superintendent, or the chief administrative officer finds the minor has failed to show the restrictions will result in a substantial hardship or that the restrictions are not in the minor's best interests, the court, the superintendent, or the chief administrative officer shall uphold the restrictions. If after that consultation, the court, the superintendent, or the chief administrative officer finds the minor has shown the restricted hours will cause a substantial hardship or are not in the minor's best interests, the court, the superintendent, or the chief administrative officer shall establish differing hours of employment for the minor and notify the minor and the minor's employer of those hours, which shall be binding in lieu of the restrictions on the hours of employment described in division (D) of section 4109.07 of the Revised Code.

(2) Any minor to whom division (C)(1) of this section does not apply may either file a petition in the juvenile court in whose jurisdiction the person resides, or apply to the superintendent or to the chief administrative officer who issued the minor's age and schooling certificate pursuant to section 3331.01 of the Revised Code, alleging the restrictions on the hours of employment described in division (D) of section 4109.07 of the Revised Code will cause a substantial hardship or are not in the minor's best interests.

If, as a result of a petition or application, the court, the superintendent, or the chief administrative officer, as appropriate, finds the minor has failed to show such restrictions will result in a substantial hardship or that the restrictions are not in the minor's best interests, the court, the superintendent, or the chief administrative officer shall uphold the restrictions. If the court, the superintendent, or the chief administrative officer finds the minor has shown the restricted hours will cause a substantial hardship or are not in the minor's best interests, the court, the superintendent, or the chief administrative officer shall establish the hours of employment for the minor and shall notify the minor and the minor's employer of those hours.

(D) Section 4109.03, divisions (A) and (C) of section 4109.02, and division (B) of section 4109.08 of the Revised Code do not apply to minors who are sixteen or seventeen years of age and who are employed at a seasonal amusement or recreational establishment.

(E) As used in this section, "certificate of high school equivalence" means either:

(1) A statement issued by the department of education that the holder of the statement has achieved the equivalent of a high school education as measured by scores obtained on a high school equivalency test approved by the department pursuant to division (B) of section 3301.80 of the Revised Code;

(2) A statement issued by a primary-secondary education or higher education agency of another state that the holder of the statement has achieved the equivalent of a high school education as measured by scores obtained on a similar nationally recognized high school equivalency test.

Amended by 132nd General Assembly File No. TBD, HB 49, §101.01, eff. 9/29/2017.

Amended by 131st General Assembly File No. TBD, HB 113, §1, eff. 9/14/2016.

Amended by 128th General Assemblych.9, SB 79, §1, eff. 10/6/2009.

Effective Date: 08-28-2002; 01-27-2006; 03-30-2006

(A) No person under sixteen years of age shall be employed:

(1) During school hours except where specifically permitted by this chapter;

(2) Before seven a.m.;

(3) After nine p.m. from the first day of June to the first day of September or during any school holiday of five school days or more duration, or after seven p.m. at any other time;

(4) For more than three hours a day in any school day;

(5) For more than eighteen hours in any week while school is in session;

(6) For more than eight hours in any day which is not a school day;

(7) For more than forty hours in any week that school is not in session.

(B) No person under sixteen years of age may be employed more than forty hours in any one week nor during school hours unless employment is incidental to bona fide programs of vocational cooperative training, work-study, or other work-oriented programs with the purpose of educating students, and the program meets standards established by the state board of education.

(C) No employer shall employ a minor more than five consecutive hours without allowing the minor a rest period of at least thirty minutes. The rest period need not be included in the computation of the number of hours worked by the minor.

(D) No person sixteen or seventeen years of age who is required to attend school under Chapter 3321. of the Revised Code shall be employed:

(1) Before seven a.m. on any day that school is in session, except such person may be employed after six a.m. if the person was not employed after eight p.m. the previous night;

(2) After eleven p.m. on any night preceding a day that school is in session.

(E) As used in this section, "school" refers to either a school the child actually attends or a school he is required to attend pursuant to Chapter 3321. of the Revised Code.

Effective Date: 04-10-1991 .

(A) No minor shall be employed unless the employer keeps on the premises a complete list of all minors employed by the employer at a particular establishment and a printed abstract to be furnished by the director of commerce summarizing the provisions of this chapter.

The list and abstract shall be posted in plain view in a conspicuous place which is frequented by the largest number of minor employees, and to which all minor employees have access.

(B) An enforcement official may require any employer, in or about whose establishment an employee apparently under eighteen years of age is employed and whose age and schooling certificate is not on file with the director of commerce as required by section 3331.01 of the Revised Code, to furnish the enforcement official satisfactory evidence that the employee is in fact eighteen years of age or older. The enforcement official shall require from the employer the same evidence of age of the employee as is required by section 3331.02 of the Revised Code upon the issuance of an age and schooling certificate. No employer shall fail to produce the evidence.

(C) Any employee apparently under eighteen years of age, working in any occupation or establishment with respect to which there are restrictions by rule or law governing the employment of minors, with respect to whom the employer has not furnished satisfactory evidence that the person is at or above the age required for performance of employment with the employer after being requested to do so, and who refuses to give to an enforcement official the employee's name, age, and place of residence may be taken into custody and charged with being an unruly child or other appropriate charge under Chapter 2151. or 2152. of the Revised Code.

(D) No person shall, with the intent to assist a minor to procure employment, make a false statement by any means, including by submitting falsified forms electronically, to any employer or to any person authorized to issue an age and schooling certificate.

Effective Date: 08-28-2002 .

(A) After a minor employee has made a written request that an employer give notice of the nonuse of the minor's age and schooling certificate, should the employer fail to mail the document to the issuing authority within three days of receipt of the request, the minor shall be entitled to recover from the employer an amount equal to the wages which would have been earned had the minor continued in employment for the period between the receipt of the request by the employer and the initiation of the suit or compliance with the request by the employer.

(B) If any minor fails to appear for work without explanation for three days, an employer shall consider the employment terminated, and shall give notice of the nonuse of the age and schooling certificate to the issuing authority.

Effective Date: 08-28-2002 .

(A) No employer shall give employment to a minor, without agreeing with him as to the wages or compensation he shall receive for each day, week, month, or year; or per piece, for work performed. The employer shall furnish the minor with written evidence of the agreement and, on or before each payday, with a statement of the earnings due and the amount to be paid to him. No employer shall reduce the wages or compensation of any minor without giving him notice at least twenty-four hours previous to the reduction, at which time a written agreement shall be entered into with the minor as in the case of original employment.

(B) No employer shall retain or withhold from a minor in his employ the wages or compensation, or any part thereof, agreed to be paid and due the minor for work performed or services rendered because of presumed negligence or failure to comply with rules, breakage of machinery, or alleged incompetence to produce work or perform labor according to any standard of merit.

(C) No employer shall receive a guarantee, bonus, money deposit, or other form of security to obtain or secure employment for a minor or to ensure faithful performance of labor, guarantee strict observance of rules, or make good losses which may be charged to the minor's incompetence, negligence, or inability.

Effective Date: 01-12-1979 .

Every employer shall keep a time book or other written records which shall state the name, address, and occupation of each minor employed, the number of hours worked by such minor on each day of the week, the hours of beginning and ending work, the hours of beginning and ending meal periods, and the amount of wages paid each pay period to each minor. The director of commerce or the director's authorized representative shall have access to and the right to copy from the time book or records. Records shall be kept for a period of two years. No employer shall fail to keep such time book or records, or knowingly make false statements therein, or refuse to make the time book and records accessible, upon request, to the director or the director's authorized representative.

Effective Date: 07-01-2000 .

(A) No person shall continue to employ any minor in violation of any law relating to the employment of minors after being notified of the violation in writing by the director of commerce or other enforcement official.

Failure of the director or other enforcement official to give such notice does not excuse or negate a conviction for any offense except a violation of this division.

(B) No employer shall employ, and no person having under the person's control as parent, guardian, or custodian, any minor, shall permit or suffer a minor to be employed in violation of any law relating to the employment of minors for which a penalty is not otherwise provided by law.

Effective Date: 07-01-2000 .

(A) The director of commerce shall designate enforcement officials to enforce this chapter.

(B) An enforcement official, upon discovery of a violation of this chapter and after notice to the employer, shall make a complaint against the offending employer in any court of competent jurisdiction.

(C) Enforcement officials shall make complaint by filing a complaint before a court having competent jurisdiction against any person violating any law relating to the employment of minors. This section shall not be construed to limit the right of other persons to make those complaints.

(D) County courts, municipal courts, and juvenile courts have jurisdiction to try offenses under this chapter. Juvenile courts have exclusive original jurisdiction to try offenses under section 3321.38 of the Revised Code.

(E) No person or enforcement official instituting proceedings under this section shall be required to file or give security for the costs. If a defendant is acquitted, the judge before whom the case is brought shall certify the costs to the county auditor. The county auditor shall examine the amount and, if necessary, correct it. The county auditor shall issue a warrant on the county treasurer in favor of the persons to whom the costs are due.

(F) Fines collected for violations of this chapter and section 3321.38 of the Revised Code shall be paid into the funds of the school district in which the offense was committed.

Effective Date: 09-04-2000 .

Effective Date: 01-12-1979 .

(A) No employer shall employ any minor who is under sixteen years of age in any door-to-door sales activity unless that employer is registered pursuant to this section and otherwise is in compliance with the requirements of this chapter.

(B) To obtain registration as a door-to-door employer, an employer shall apply to the director of commerce, on forms provided by the director. The application form shall include all of the following:

(1) The name, principal business address, and telephone number of the applicant. If the applicant is a partnership or association, the names of all the members also shall be stated and, if the applicant is a corporation, the names of its president and each of its officers also shall be stated.

(2) A certification that the applicant and its employees:

(a) Are in compliance with and will comply with all applicable Ohio and federal laws and regulations relating to the employment of minors;

(b) Will provide at least one supervisor who is over the age of eighteen, for each six minor employees, who is at all times available and responsible for assuring the minor's well-being, and who remains in the general area and in visual contact with each minor employed in door-to-door sales activities at least once every twenty minutes;

(c) Will require all minors to work at least in pairs with others who are engaged in substantially the same activity, employing insofar as possible canvassing techniques that keep the persons working in pairs in close proximity and view of each other;

(d) Are in compliance with Ohio's motor vehicle financial responsibility, workers' compensation, unemployment compensation, and all other applicable laws; and

(e) Will not employ any minor who does not have an appropriate age and schooling certificate if that minor is required by Ohio law to have the certificate to be employed.

(3) A certification, as evidenced by a current official inspection sticker issued by the Ohio state highway patrol, that each motor vehicle used by the applicant and the applicant's employees for the purpose of transport of minors for door-to-door sales activities complies with all applicable motor vehicle safety laws;

(4) A certification that any person who transports by motor vehicle minors for purposes of door-to-door sales activities possesses a valid and properly issued Ohio motor vehicle driver's license, which license is not under suspension.

(C)

(1) The director shall issue a registration to each applicant who satisfactorily submits an application pursuant to this section and otherwise meets all of the requirements of this section. If the director fails to issue or deny a registration or its renewal within fifteen days of submission of the application or renewal, the applicant is deemed registered under this section. Each registration expires one year after its issuance. To obtain a renewal of registration, the holder of the registration shall apply for renewal to the director according to the procedures of division (B) of this section for the initial issuance of the registration.

(2) Each employer issued a registration pursuant to this section shall provide each minor employee who is engaged in door-to-door sales, prior to beginning employment with the employer, an identification card in a form prescribed by the director. The card shall include, at a minimum, a picture of the minor employee, the minor employee's name, the name and address of the employer, a statement that the employer is registered with the director of commerce, and the employer's registration number.

(D) The director, pursuant to a hearing conducted in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code, may refuse to issue or renew a door-to-door sales registration or revoke a door-to-door sales registration if the director determines that the applicant, registrant, any member of an applicant's or registrant's partnership or association, or any officer or employee of an applicant or registrant has done any of the following:

(1) Obtained or attempted to obtain a registration by fraud or misrepresentation;

(2) Been guilty of gross misconduct in the pursuit of the door-to-door sales profession;

(3) Violated or is threatening to violate any provision of this or any other state or federal law or regulation which regulates the employment of minors.

(E) No employer whose registration has been revoked under this section may apply for registration for two years from the date of the revocation. The director may require such employer upon application for a registration to meet conditions in addition to those provided in this section for registration and renewal as the director determines necessary to safeguard the interests of minors to be employed by the employer.

(F) No employer may employ:

(1) Any minor who is under sixteen years of age in any door-to-door sales activity before seven a.m. or after seven p.m. or during school hours except where specifically permitted by this chapter;

(2) Any minor who is sixteen or seventeen years of age in any door-to-door sales activity before seven a.m. or after eight p.m. or during school hours except where specifically permitted by this chapter.

(G) As used in this section, "door-to-door sales activity" means any activity involving selling or offering to sell any candy, cookies, flowers, newspapers, magazines, newspaper or magazine subscriptions, household cleaning products, or any other merchandise or commodity at a place of business other than the employer's place of business but does not mean any such activity conducted in connection with a bona fide educational, charitable, or religious activity or for a newspaper subscription drive provided that the minor also is engaged in the delivery of newspapers to the consumer for the newspaper in which the subscription drive is conducted and further provided that the subscription drive is supervised by an individual who is eighteen years of age or older and an employee of the newspaper's subscription drive.

Effective Date: 07-01-2000 .

Effective Date: 01-12-1979 .

(A) As used in this section:

(1) "Manufacturing occupation" means employment that consists of the mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products for sale, including the assembling of component parts into a finished product.

(2) Notwithstanding the definition of "employer" in section 4109.01 of the Revised Code, "employer" means every person who employs any individual in a manufacturing occupation.

(B) There is hereby created the manufacturing mentorship program to expose minors who are sixteen or seventeen years of age to manufacturing occupations in this state through temporary employment with an employer. An employer employing a minor under the mentorship program shall do all of the following:

(1) Determine the duration of the minor's employment;

(2) Assign the minor a mentor to provide direct and close supervision while the minor is engaged in any workplace activity;

(3) Provide the minor with the training described in division (C) of this section;

(4) Encourage the minor to participate in a career-technical education program approved by the department of education if the minor is not participating in a career-technical education program when the minor begins employment;

(5) Comply with all applicable state and federal laws and regulations relating to the employment of minors.

(C)

(1) An employer employing a minor who is sixteen or seventeen years of age in a manufacturing occupation under the mentorship program shall provide the minor with training that includes all of the following:

(a) A ten-hour course in general industry safety and health hazard recognition and prevention approved by the occupational safety and health administration of the United States department of labor;

(b) Instructions on how to operate the specific tools the minor will use during the minor's employment;

(c) The general safety and health hazards to which the minor may be exposed at the minor's workplace;

(d) The value of safety and management commitment;

(e) Information on the employer's drug testing policy.

(2) For purposes of division (C)(1)(a) of this section, a minor may participate in a thirty-hour course in general industry safety and health hazard recognition and prevention approved by the occupational safety and health administration if the minor has already successfully completed a ten-hour course.

(3) The employer shall pay any costs associated with providing the training required by division (C)(1) or permitted under division (C)(2) of this section.

(4) An employer is not required to provide the training described in division (C)(1) or (2) of this section if the minor presents proof of completing the training during the six-month period immediately before beginning employment with the employer.

(D) The director of commerce, in consultation with employers, shall adopt rules in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code specifying a list of the tools that a minor who is sixteen or seventeen years of age who is employed under the mentorship program may operate during the minor's employment in a manufacturing occupation. The director shall use the manual issued by the wage and hour division of the United States department of labor titled "field operations handbook" or its successor for guidance in developing the list. Nothing in this division requires the director to include a tool on the list if the orders issued pursuant to the "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938," 29 U.S.C. 201, et seq., and section 4109.05 of the Revised Code or rules adopted under that section specifically permit minors of that age to operate the tool.

(E) A minor who is sixteen or seventeen years of age who is employed by an employer under the mentorship program may work in any manufacturing occupation not denied by law to minors of that age under section 4109.05 of the Revised Code or rules adopted under that section.

(F) No employer shall do either of the following:

(1) Permit a minor who is sixteen or seventeen years of age to operate a tool minors of that age are permitted to operate pursuant to the rules adopted under division (D) of this section unless the minor is employed by the employer under the mentorship program;

(2) Permit a minor who is sixteen or seventeen years of age who is employed by the employer under the mentorship program to operate a tool prohibited for use by minors of that age pursuant to the "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938," 29 U.S.C. 201, et seq., and section 4109.05 of the Revised Code or rules adopted under that section.

Added by 133rd General Assembly File No. TBD, HB 166, §101.01, eff. 10/17/2019.

Effective Date: 01-01-1974 .

Effective Date: 01-12-1979 .

Effective Date: 01-01-1974 .

Effective Date: 01-12-1979 .

Effective Date: 05-25-1976 .

Effective Date: 01-12-1979 .

(A) Whoever violates section 4109.04, division (C) of section 4109.07, division (A), (B), or (D) of section 4109.08, section 4109.11, or division (B) of section 4109.12 of the Revised Code is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.

(B) Whoever violates section 4109.05 of the Revised Code is guilty of a misdemeanor of the third degree.

(C) Whoever violates section 4109.03, division (A), (B), or (D) of section 4109.07, or section 4109.10 of the Revised Code is guilty of a minor misdemeanor on a first offense and a misdemeanor of the third degree on each subsequent offense.

(D) Whoever violates division (A) of section 4109.12 of the Revised Code is guilty of a minor misdemeanor for each day the violation continues.

(E) Whoever violates division (A) of section 4109.21 of the Revised Code is guilty of a misdemeanor of the fourth degree on a first offense and a first degree misdemeanor on each subsequent offense. If, however, the violation on a first offense contains aggravating circumstances, including, but not limited to, threats to a minor, reckless operation of a motor vehicle, or abandonment of or endangerment to a minor but not including circumstances that are the basis of a felony violation of section 2919.22 of the Revised Code, then the person is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree. If the offender previously has been convicted under this section and if the subsequent offense contains aggravating circumstances other than circumstances that are the basis of a felony violation of section 2919.22 of the Revised Code, then the person is guilty of a felony of the fourth degree.

(F) Whoever violates division (F) of section 4109.22 of the Revised Code shall be assessed a civil penalty of up to one thousand seven hundred thirty dollars for each violation.

Amended by 133rd General Assembly File No. TBD, HB 166, §101.01, eff. 10/17/2019.

Effective Date: 07-01-1996 .

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As used in this chapter: (A) "Employ" means to permit or suffer to work. (B) "Employer" means the state, its political subdivisions, and every person who employs any individual.

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Illegal job interview questions solicit information from job candidates that could be used to discriminate against them. Asking questions about a candidate's age, race, religion, or gender could open a company up to a discrimination lawsuit.

Asking questions on these topics can result in charges of discrimination, an investigation by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), and potentially a lawsuit if the issue cannot be resolved.

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Illegal Interview Questions and EEO Guidelines:

The examples above are pretty direct. Don't make the mistake of asking illegal questions indirectly either. For example, asking someone what year they graduated high school would be indirectly asking about their age.

Also, during the course of an interview, candidates may offer information about themselves voluntarily that would answer an illegal interview question. If this happens, do not follow up on the topic, and do not consider it when making your hiring choice.

FAQs:

What interview question topics are illegal?

Race, Color, or National Origin.

Religion.

Sex, Gender Identity, or Sexual Orientation.

Pregnancy status.

Disability.

Age or Genetic Information.

Citizenship.

Marital Status or Number of Children.

What Questions Are Illegal to Ask During an Interview?

Are you Hispanic?

Do you go to church?

How much do you weigh?

How old are you?

What country are you from?

Are you pregnant?

How many children do you have?

Are you married?

What is pre-employment discrimination?

Pre-employment discrimination happens when a potential employer discriminates against a candidate during the hiring process. This discrimination may be based on age, race, religion, sexual orientation, or other factors. This still counts as discrimination, even if an employment relationship has not started.

Are there exceptions to illegal interview questions?

According to the EEOC, exceptions can be made in cases when information is needed for a "bona fide occupational qualification." In cases where an employer is worried that a person may not be able to perform the job due to health or disabilities, it is appropriate to ask how they would perform it.

Employers are not allowed to ask job applicants how old they are, as they may lead to age discrimination.

What are some examples of illegal interview questions?

When do you plan to retire?

What is your religion?

Are you comfortable working for a male/female boss?

What political party do you support?

Have you had any recent health issues?

What Are Legal Interview Questions?

What is your current (or previous) salary?

What is your expected salary?

What do you expect to accomplish in the first 30, 60, and 90 days on the job?

What people or companies are doing the best job in our industry? Why?

Why are you leaving your current role?

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Illegal Interview Questions - What Not to Ask Candidates

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Illegal job interview questions solicit information from job candidates that could be used to discriminate against them. Asking questions about a candidate's age, race, religion, or gender could open a company up to a discrimination lawsuit. Asking questions on these topics can result in charges of discrimination, an investigation by the U.S.

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Coming out of the recent recession, and looking forward to an uncertain future in an increasingly globalized and connected economic and political landscape, many Americans are anxious about their job prospects. While some may choose to purely follow their passions, and some may inherit careers and business from their families, others are left asking: what do I do next?

Those who have lost their jobs through outsourcing, layoffs, or cutbacks are facing second-and even third-career choices, and possibly having to go back to school to get the necessary degrees. New college grads are struggling to find entry-level jobs that use their skills. Older workers are being talked into early retirement. Even those who are gainfully employed are seeking to get out of jobs that offer little in terms of salary advancement.

Some careers, however, show there is light at the end of the tunnel. Many of them reflect our fascination with, and our increasing dependence upon, technology. Some grow from the push for new, renewable energy sources, and some build further on our need for established energy sources. Others have to do with the changing demographics of our country, as the baby boomer generation continues to age. Regardless, there are plenty of available, lucrative, and rewarding career options on the table for determined American job seekers.

This list identifies and profiles 25 jobs representing a variety of industries that are not only thriving now, but are expected to grow the most throughout the next decade. We have taken our numbers from projections by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) for 2016 to 2026.

Fastest Growing Jobs for the Next Decade

25 Rotary Drill Operators-Oil and Gas

The oil industry is massive, and big oil companies depend on the skills of rotary drill operators to harvest their product for refinement and sale. As the need for oil increases, so too does the need for qualified professionals working on the frontlines of the industry.

Rotary drill operators, like the name suggests, are trusted with the task of operating oil drills. The job includes a variety of responsibilities, such as erecting and dismantling drilling machinery, monitoring and maintaining the machines, overseeing drill rig crews, training crews, repairing the machines, and keeping records of drilling activities. While there is not a specific, formal educational background required for this profession, rotary drill operators must have thorough knowledge of their machines, strong technical aptitudes, and good critical thinking skills. Rotary drill operators enter the position after gaining experience in the field and on-the-job training.

Typically the job requires rotary drill operators to live on-site in remote drilling locations, such as offshore rigs or the Middle East, and to work long shifts, often at odd hours. The job comes with extended work periods, followed by extended break periods.

Educational Requirements: No formal educational credential; on-the-job training
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 24.20%
2016 Total Employment: 16,700
2026 Projected Total Employment: 20,800

Median Annual Wage 2016: $54,430

Anyone who has been to the doctor in their lifetime has met a phlebotomist, even if they don't recognize the name. Blood, vital to our healthy functioning, plays a major role in medicine, through blood tests, transfusions, donations, and research. The primary job of a phlebotomist is to draw blood for these services. This requires foundational knowledge in medicine, medical terminology, and medical practices, but does not require the advanced knowledge of a nurse or doctor.

To enter the profession, phlebotomists must earn a postsecondary non-degree award, such as a certificate or diploma, from a university, community college, vocational schools, or technical school. This can typically be earned in one year or less. Additionally, many employers prefer to hire phlebotomists with professional certification, such as from the National Center for Competency Testing, the National Phlebotomy Association, or the National Healthcareer Association. Phlebotomists may work in all sorts of medical practice settings, including hospitals, doctor's offices, blood banks, and ambulatory healthcare services.

Educational Requirements: Postsecondary non-degree award, plus professional certification
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 24.4%
2016 Total Employment: 122,700
2026 Projected Total Employment: 152,600

Median Annual Wage 2016: $32,710

23 Roustabouts-Oil and Gas

Roustabouts work alongside rotary drill operators and derrick operators to ensure that oil drilling and collection goes smoothly and safely. The duties of roustabouts typically include basic maintenance roles, such as cleaning up spilled oil, checking and tightening connections on machines and pipes, dismantling and maintaining machinery and tools, locating leaks and other problems, guiding cranes into position, moving equipment, and building foundations for derricks. While roustabouts do not operate oil drills, their job supports the successful, safe functioning of drills and job sites.

To become a roustabout, individuals need only receive on-the-job training. The profession is physically demanding, and often requires prolonged period of work, in remote locations, extended hours. However, periods of work are followed by extended break periods.

Educational Requirements: No formal educational credential; on-the-job training
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 24.50%
2016 Total Employment: 50,000
2026 Projected Total Employment: 62,300

Median Annual Wage 2016: $37,340

22 Occupational Therapy Aides

Occupational therapy aides perform supportive and administrative roles in occupational therapy settings, ensuring that a practice runs smoothly and effectively serves the needs of patients. Occupational therapy aides work in a variety of environments, such as private therapist offices, hospitals, residential care facilities, social services, and educational services. The duties of the job include clerical tasks, like scheduling and answering emails or phone calls, arranging or providing patient transport, cleaning and preparing treatment sites and equipment, and helping with billing and insurance.

Because the duties of occupational therapy aides do not require extensive medical knowledge or board certification, the career can be entered with a high school diploma and some on-the-job training. For individuals interested in advancing in the occupational therapy field, this can provide an entry-level position with notable experience and exposure.

Educational Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent; on-the-job training
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 24.7%
2016 Total Employment: 7,500
2026 Projected Total Employment: 9,300

Median Annual Wage 2016: $28,330

21 Physical Therapists

Tying together the previous two entries on this list, physical therapists play a vital role in helping patients manage and overcome pain and physical limitations. Physical therapists may practice within a variety of specialty areas, including injury rehabilitation, massage therapy, geriatric care, operation rehabilitation, and more. Regardless, physical therapists serve those in need of various forms of physical therapy for treatment, rehabilitation, or prevention relating to disabilities, injuries, chronic conditions, or illnesses.

Duties of the profession include utilizing advanced knowledge of physical therapy to develop a plan of treatment, administering treatment with specialized techniques and equipment, diagnosing issues, reviewing medical records and notes from other doctors, and educating patients and their families. Physical therapists function as part of a healthcare team, overseeing patient care with the help of physical therapist assistants and aides, and often collaborating with other doctors and practitioners.

Physical therapists may be employed in a wide variety of settings, including private practices, hospitals, home healthcare services, and residential care facilities. The field requires advanced knowledge, and to become a physical therapist, individuals must earn a Doctor of Physical Therapy degree, and must achieve licensure through passing the National Physical Therapy Examination administered by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy. Individuals may also choose to pursue advanced, specialized certification in a variety of areas, through the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties.

Educational Requirements: Doctoral degree, plus licensure
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 25%
2016 Total Employment: 239,800
2026 Projected Total Employment: 299,800

Median Annual Wage 2016: $85,400

20 Derrick Operators-Oil and Gas

Oil and gas, for the foreseeable future, continue to be major energy sources, and consequently, a major industry. Because of this, the demand for derrick operators is expected to grow.

Derrick operators manage all aspects of derricks, including erecting, operating, inspecting, and maintaining them, to ensure that oil drilling and collection goes smoothly. The job requires individuals to know the ins and outs of oil derricks, learned through on-the-job experience and training.

Derrick operators work in a wide variety of locations, and may need to travel regularly from jobsite to jobsite. Many oil derricks are stationed in remote locations, included offshore oil platforms, the Middle East, and far northern regions. Individuals in the profession typically live onsite for long periods, followed by period of extended leave.

Educational Requirements: On-the-job training
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 25.7%
2016 Total Employment: 11,100
2026 Projected Total Employment: 13,900

Median Annual Wage 2016: $48,130

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19 Health Specialties Teachers-Postsecondary

Many people pursue careers in health specialties fields, such as medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, therapy, and veterinary sciences. To achieve these career goals, individuals need to earn the requisite educational qualifications. Because of this, the demand for qualified health specialties teachers at the postsecondary level is expected to continue to grow at a significant, steady rate.

Health specialties teachers typically find employment in settings like colleges, universities, junior colleges, and trade schools. In order to enter this career, an individual must have an extensive amount of knowledge in their field, with a Doctoral or professional degree to their name, as well as field-specific certification. The career requires that the teacher must be able to instruct others, in great depth, in the intricacies of their chosen field. Individuals with positions at universities will need to actively research and publish in their field, but may also become tenured.

Educational Requirements: Doctoral or professional degree
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 25.9%
2016 Total Employment: 233,500
2026 Projected Total Employment: 294,000

Median Annual Wage 2016: $99,360

18 Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists

Every year, acres upon acres of forest are lost due to wildfires, particularly in the American west. Along with this is the loss of human and animal habitation and life. Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists work to understand, prevent, predict, and quickly halt these destructive forces of nature. They must assess at-risk areas to anticipate emergency situations, utilizing data from current conditions, as well as records, must have extensive knowledge of public safety issues, communications, and regulations, and must be able to remain calm under severe pressure.

This career follows the occurrence of fires. Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists find the highest levels of employment (and highest rate of pay) in the areas most at risk. To enter the field, individuals must have a high school diploma at a minimum, though a Bachelor's degree, in areas such as fire science, is highly preferred.

Educational Requirements: Minimum of high school diploma; a Bachelor's degree in fire science or related field is preferred
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 26.6%
2016 Total Employment: 1,700
2026 Projected Total Employment: 2,200

Median Annual Wage 2016: $36,230

17 Operations Research Analysts

In a perfect world, everything would go perfectly, and without any challenges or difficulty. The world, however, is not perfect, and that is where operations research analysts come in. Businesses, corporations, and governments all rely on operations research analysts to assess and solve logistical problems.

Operations research analysts combine analytical, communication, critical thinking, mathematical, and problem-solving skills in order to metaphorically (and sometimes literally) keep all of the trains running on time. The job includes gathering and analyzing data, running simulations and creating predictive models, creating memos and reports, utilizing databases, and advising managers and executives on the best courses of action.

The majority of operations research analysts work for financial institution or insurance companies, but plenty others work for professional or technical services companies, management companies, manufacturers, and the federal government, specifically in the Department of Defense. To enter the profession, individuals must have a minimum of a Bachelor's degree, which can be earned in a variety of areas, including operations research, business, analytics, management, or computer science. However, some employers may prefer a Master's degree.

Educational Requirements: Bachelor's degree
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 27.4%
2016 Total Employment: 114,000
2026 Projected Total Employment: 145,300

Median Annual Wage 2016: $79,200
See Also: The 25 Best Online Bachelor's in Business Administration Degree Programs
Genetic counselors, as the name suggests, assess risks and inherited conditions relating to genetics, and counsel clients on their findings. The information they provide is useful to patients as well as other healthcare providers. In particular, genetic counselors help individuals and families that are considering having children, through analyzing and predicting genetic complications, such as genetic disorders or birth defects.

As the medical field grows more advanced and intricate everyday, the career area of genetic counselors is expected to continue to grow steadily, applying new scientific data toward the betterment of people's lives. Genetic counselors may find employment in areas such as hospitals, laboratories, and fertility clinics.

Individuals interested in becoming genetic counselors must have a minimum of a Master's degree in genetic counseling or genetics, as well as certification from the American Board of Genetic Counseling.

Educational Requirements: Master's degree
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 28.3%
2016 Total Employment: 3,100
2026 Projected Total Employment: 3,900

Median Annual Wage 2016: $74,120

15 Information Security Analysts

Nearly every facet of society today depends on the proper functioning of complex information systems. A significant part of this is the safety and security of our information, with steady demand for information security analysts who can ensure the safety of our information.

The field requires that information security analysts have a thorough knowledge of information systems, hardware, and software, as well as current knowledge of threats to data security, and protective measures. In addition to technical knowledge, individuals must have well-developed analytical and problem-solving skills, be detail oriented, and possess a certain amount of ingenuity.

To enter the field, individuals must have a minimum of a Bachelor's degree in a relevant area, such as information systems, information assurance, or computer science. A Master's degree can provide more job opportunities, and higher salary potential. Additionally, individuals may earn optional professional certifications, including Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), and EC-Council Certified Security Analyst (ECSA).

Information security analysts may find employment in a wide variety of settings, including major corporations, computer systems services, financial institutions and insurance companies, websites and tech companies, private information security assurance agencies, and more.

Educational Requirements: Bachelor's degree
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 28.4%
2016 Total Employment: 100,000
2026 Projected Total Employment: 128,500

Median Annual Wage 2016: $92,600
See Also: The 12 Best Online Bachelor's in Information Assurance and Security Degree Programs
14 Occupational Therapy Assistants

Occupational therapy assistants, similar to aides, perform duties that ensure occupational therapy practices run smoothly and serve patients fully. However, occupational therapy assistants have greater responsibilities in occupational therapy settings, with clinical assistance roles. The profession requires a minimum of an Associate's degree from an accredited occupational therapy assistant program. Moreover, the profession is state regulated, and individuals must gain licensure through earning their degree, completing fieldwork, and passing the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) exam.

As the name suggests, occupational therapy assistants help with therapeutic activities in occupational therapy settings, the specifics of which vary based on their specific area of practice. This can involve helping with stretching, as well as rehabilitative exercises, aiding children with developmental disabilities in socialization and coordination exercises, teaching patients to use special assistive equipment, and recording progress. Occupational therapy assistants play a vital role in administering therapeutic services to patients in hospitals, nursing homes, social service agencies, educational facilities, and more.

Educational Requirements: Associate's degree, plus national certification
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 28.9%
2016 Total Employment: 39,300
2026 Projected Total Employment: 50,700

Median Annual Wage 2016: $59,010

13 Physical Therapist Aides

Physical therapist aides occupy supportive roles in physical therapy practices, including physical therapist offices, hospitals, doctor's offices, residential care facilities, and government services. Though they do not perform any physical therapy tasks or services themselves, physical therapist aides support practices in functioning smoothly through a variety of duties. Physical therapist aides typically prepare and clean up therapy treatment areas, wash linens, help patients in moving between therapy areas, and perform clerical tasks.

Because the duties of a physical therapist aide do not require extensive knowledge of physical therapy, licensing, or certification, the field is relatively easy to enter, requiring a high school diploma or equivalent, and some on-the-job training. The specifics of the job are determined by the specific therapy practice, which can includes exercise, massage, hydrotherapy, or any other form of physical therapy. Physical therapist aides must be compassionate, patient, and have strong interpersonal skills, since they will be working directly with patients. They must also have decent physical stamina and dexterity, to keep up with the physical demands of the job.

Educational Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent, and on-the-job training
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 29.1%
2016 Total Employment: 52,000
2026 Projected Total Employment: 67,100

Median Annual Wage 2016: $25,680

In recent years, bicycle riding has become increasingly popular. This rise in popularity can be attributed to a wide variety of factors, including rising gas prices, simplifying the daily commute, a need for increased fitness, environmental consciousness, or just sheer enjoyment. Regardless, the increase in bicycles and cyclists is creating an increase in demand for qualified and skilled professional bicycle repairers.

The demands of the job require that bicycle repairers be able to assess and solve maintenance issues of bikes. This can include installing and repairing tires and wheels, adjusting or repairing gear and brake mechanisms, assembling/disassembling and replacing parts, adjusting the bicycle to meet user needs, and more. Much of the requisite knowledge can be learned through on-the-job training.

Bicycle Repairers may find employment at bike shops, sporting goods stores, bike manufacturers, non-profit organizations, and other settings.

Educational Requirements: High school diploma, on-the-job training
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 29.4%
2016 Total Employment:12.400
2026 Projected Total Employment: 16,100

Median Annual Wage 2016: $27,630

As the medical field continues to grow, so does the need for knowledgeable and skilled help. Medical assistants play a key role in a variety of medical settings, including hospitals, private practices, and other healthcare facilities. The duties of the job typically include administrative tasks, such as record keeping, scheduling, and data entry. Medical assistants also perform basic healthcare duties, such as measuring vital signs, administering medication and injections, and preparing fluid samples.

Some medical assistants may specialize in administrative work, or clinical work, and also specific medical practices, such as cardiology, podiatry, or dentistry. Regardless, to become a medical assistant, individuals typically must hold a postsecondary non-degree award, such as a certificate or diploma. Medical assistants may also choose to pursue professional certification, such as Certified Medical Assistant (CMA), Registered Medical Assistant (RMA), or National Certified Medical Assistant (NCMA).

Educational Requirements: Postsecondary non-degree award
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 29.1%
2016 Total Employment: 634,400
2026 Projected Total Employment: 819,000

Median Annual Wage 2016: $31,540
See Also: The 10 Best Online Medical Assisting Associate"s Degree Programs
Individuals with a love for numbers and their functions may want to consider pursuing careers as mathematicians. Advanced knowledge and skills in mathematics can lead to lucrative, high paying jobs. Beyond crunching numbers, mathematicians play a valuable role in data analysis and prediction, solving and preventing problems for businesses as well as governments.

To enter the profession, individuals typically need a Master's degree in mathematics. Mathematicians need to not only be able to understand the interplay of mathematical data, they need strong analytical skills, as well as strong communications skills in order to convey their findings to non-mathematical audiences.

The majority of mathematicians work for the federal government, while many others work in universities and colleges, public and private research applications, finance and insurance companies, and technical consulting services.

Educational Requirements: Master's degree
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 29.4%
2016 Total Employment: 3,100
2026 Projected Total Employment: 4,000

Median Annual Wage 2016: $105,810
See Also: The 5 Best Online Bachelor's in Mathematics Degree Programs
9 Software Developers-Applications

Since the rise of the personal computer, skilled software developers have been in high demand. With the development of smartphones, tablets, cloud-based computing, and more accessible computer technologies the demand for software developers who specialize in applications is expected to steadily increase.

Whether creating word processors or spreadsheets software for computers, productivity apps for busy professionals, learning apps for adults and children, or games for pure entertainment, applications software developers have plenty of unique jobs and projects to choose from. Regardless of their specific focus, all applications software developers analyze, design, and test applications, troubleshoot and recommend upgrades for clients and employers, documents aspects of their applications, and collaborate in design teams.

Applications software developers may work in a variety of professional settings, including application design firms, software publishers, financial or insurance companies, manufacturing companies, and corporations. To become an applications software developer, individuals must have a minimum of a Bachelor's degree in a relevant field, such as computer science or software engineering.

Educational Requirement: Bachelor's degree
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 30.50%
2016 Total Employment: 831,300
2026 Projected Total Employment: 1,084,600

Median Annual Wage 2016: $100,080
See Also: The 20 Best Online Bachelor's in Computer Science Degree Programs
8 Physical Therapist Assistants

Physical therapist assistants, similar too physical therapist aides, play an important role in ensuring that physical therapy practices function smoothly and effectively serve their patients. However, physical therapist assistants play a more direct, clinical role in the field, working alongside and under direct supervision of physical therapists to help patients in the process of healing and rehabilitation.

The specific duties of physical therapist assistants vary by their area of practice, which can includes massage therapy, hydrotherapy, physical rehabilitation, or other areas. Regardless, their general duties include observing and recording patient status and information, aiding patients with exercise and other therapeutic activities, some forms of treatment, like massage or stretching, using various forms of therapeutic equipment, and education patients and family members on health maintenance. Physical therapist assistants may be employed at hospitals, residential care facilities, private physical therapy offices, or through government services.

To become a physical therapist assistant, individuals must have a minimum of an Associate's degree from an accredited physical therapist assistant program. Individuals must be licensed by passing the National Physical Therapy Exam for physical therapist assistants, administered by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy. Some states require additional certification or licensure.

Educational Requirements: Associate's degree
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 30.8%
2016 Total Employment: 88,300
2026 Projected Total Employment: 115,500

Median Annual Wage 2016: $56,610

Statisticians, like mathematicians, analyze and apply data in a wide variety of fields. Utilizing advanced knowledge of statistical interpretation, prediction, and mathematics, statisticians work with the government, research institutions, universities, finance and insurance companies, healthcare services, and consulting services.

Statisticians predict trends and outcomes, anticipate problems, trace problems to their source, and develop models of prediction. To perform these roles, statisticians must design experiments, surveys and polls, must apply mathematical and statistical principles, and possess creativity and critical thinking skills.

With organizations of all sorts and sizes relying on statisticians to aid in making key decisions, the field is expected to grow significantly over the next decade. To become a statistician, individuals need an advanced degree, with a Master's degree at a minimum, and a Doctoral or professional degree preferred for some situations.

Educational Requirements: Master's degree
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 33.40%
2016 Total Employment: 37,200
2026 Projected Total Employment: 49,600

Median Annual Wage 2016: $80,500

Also known as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), nurse practitioners provide advanced nursing services to a variety of patients. Similar to, though not as advanced as a doctor, nurse practitioners can act as primary or specialty care providers, assessing patient needs and prescribing care plans. The regular duties of the profession include performing physical exams, performing and analyzing tests, create care plans, prescribing and administering medication, and consulting with doctors and other medical professionals. Like doctors, nurse practitioners practice in specific areas of medicine, such as general medicine, pediatrics, or geriatrics.

Nurse practitioners must have advanced medical knowledge in order to practice, earned through a Master's degree program in at least one specialized nursing role. Additionally, individuals must earn a registered nursing license in accordance with the state board, and have passed the national certification exam. Further education can aid in specialization. Nurse practitioners may find employment in a variety of settings, including hospitals, private clinics, and residential care facilities.

Educational Requirements: Master's degree, plus national certification exam
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 36%
2016 Total Employment: 155,500
2026 Projected Total Employment: 211,500

Median Annual Wage 2016: $100,910
See Also: The 30 Best Online Nursing Practitioner Master's Programs
5 Physician Assistants

In the medical sciences, there is no shortage of demand for good help. Physician assistants can satisfy that need, with the profession projected for major growth in the next decade. Working alongside doctors, surgeons, and other healthcare workers, physician assistants perform a variety of duties in healthcare settings, such as reviewing and collecting information on the medical histories of patients, assessing treatment progress, and educating patients on care procedures. Though not doctors, physician assistants can, and often do, also perform exams, order and interpret tests, and give some forms of treatment.

Like doctors and surgeons, physician assistants work in all areas of medicine, and may pursue specializations, such as family care, psychiatry, emergency medicine, surgery, podiatry, and geriatric care. Physician assistants find employment in private care offices, clinics, hospitals, outpatient care facilities, residential care facilities, and educational services. Physician assistants require extensive knowledge of the medical sciences, and must have a Master's degree from an accredited program, such as a Master of Physical Therapy. Additionally, individuals must earn licensure by passing the Physical Assistant National Certifying Exam (PANCE) fro the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA).

Educational Requirements: Master's degree, plus licensure
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 37.4%
2016 Total Employment: 106,200
2026 Projected Total Employment: 145,900

Median Annual Wage 2016: $101,480

Personal care aides, similar to home health aides, serve populations in need of extra assistance and care with their daily living requirements. However, the personal care aide profession places more emphasize on non-medical services.

Personal care aides gain most of the knowledge they need through on-the-job training. They serve individuals with physical or cognitive disabilities, and other limiting health issues. Their duties include meal planning and preparation, dressing and bathing, housekeeping, arranging transportation or driving, and keeping their clients engaged. Personal care aides may find employment with private or public agencies, residential care facilities, and private households.

Educational Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent, plus on-the-job training
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 37.4%
2016 Total Employment: 2,016,100
2026 Projected Total Employment: 2,770,100

Median Annual Wage 2016: $21,920

Home health aides provide personalized, in-home assistance to individuals requiring extra help in daily activities. Though home health aides do not exclusively help senior citizens, the aging baby-boomer generation does make up a significant portion of the client base.

Home health aides serve anyone needing personal assistance at home with health related issues, including those with cognitive disabilities, physical disabilities, and chronic illnesses. The duties of the job may involve assistance in tasks like dressing or bathing, meal preparation and planning, checking and recording a patient's pulse, temperature, blood sugar, changing bandages, assistance with prosthetic limbs, and more.

The job requires some knowledge of basic health and care concepts, but it does not require extensive medical knowledge. Home health aides develop the knowledge and skills they need through on-the-job training. To enter the profession, individuals must have a high school diploma or equivalent. However, special training and certification may allow home health aides to assist with home medical equipment, and some states allow home health aides to administer medication. Home health aides may find employment with private or public agencies, community centers, and adult-day care centers.

Educational Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent, as well as on-the-job training
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 46.7%
2016 Total Employment: 911,500
2026 Projected Total Employment: 1,337,000

Median Annual Wage 2016: $22,600

2 Wind Turbine Service Technicians

Stemming from the push for renewable energy, wind turbine service technicians are in high demand, with the profession projected to grow by 96.1% over the next decade. That demand results in a large number of job openings for qualified individuals seeking to enter the field.

Like solar photovoltaic installers, wind turbine service technicians are in the business of installing, maintaining, and repairing renewable energy systems. Individuals in this profession must possess a detailed knowledge of wind turbine systems and their operation. Wind turbine service technicians inspect and maintain wind turbines, ensuring their successful functioning, perform routine tests, replace worn or broken parts, collect and analyze data on systems, and service underground systems that convey energy from the turbines to collection facilities.

To become a wind turbine service technician, individuals must earn a minimum of a postsecondary non-degree award, such as a certificate or diploma in wind turbine maintenance, from a college or technical school. Additionally, individuals receive on-the-job training. Wind turbine service technicians work for electrical power and utilities companies, repair services, and technical services. Some are self-employed. Those in the field may need to work odd hours to service out-of-commission turbines in remote locations and bad weather. Employment for the profession is determined by location, with most wind turbine systems being established in windy, open areas, such as California, Texas, and Iowa.

Educational Requirements: Postsecondary non-degree award, plus on-the-job training
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 96.10%
2016 Total Employment: 5,800
2026 Projected Total Employment: 11,300

Median Annual Wage 2016: $52,260

1 Solar Photovoltaic Installers

The recent, strong global push for renewable and sustainable energy sources has resulted in a booming job market for skilled professionals in the field. Specifically, the demand for solar energy has established solar photovoltaic installers as the career field with the highest projected growth for the next decade, at an astonishing 105.3%.

Solar photovoltaic installers, to simplify a complicated job title, install solar panels and solar panel systems. Also known as PV installers, professionals in this field plan systems according to client needs, install systems on buildings, houses, in fields, and other locations, connect panels to electrical systems, trouble shoot and perform maintenance, and more.

To enter the profession, individuals typically need a higher school diploma or equivalent; most of the knowledge and skills needed are learned through on-the job training, which may last up to a year. While certification is not necessary, employers may prefer it. Individuals can earn certification through the Electronics Technicians Association International (ETA), the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP), and Roof Integrated Solar Energy Inc. (RISE). Solar photovoltaic installers may be employed by plumbing or HVAC contractors, electrical contractors, utilities companies, hardware retailers, or may be self-employed.

Educational Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent
Projected Growth, 2016-2026: 105.30%
2016 Total Employment: 11,300
2026 Projected Total Employment: 23,200

Median Annual Wage 2016: $39,240

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The 25 Best Jobs for the Next Decade | The Best Schools

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Coming out of the recent recession, and looking forward to an uncertain future in an increasingly globalized and connected economic and political landscape, many Americans are anxious about their job prospects. While some may choose to purely follow their passions, and some may inherit careers and business from their families, others are left asking: what do I do next?

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What is the best career for you? Have you chosen the right college major? If you're asking questions like those, don't feel stressed. Everyone, at some point of his or her career, sometimes wonders, "Am I on the right track?"

But you can get some feedback without even leaving your desk. Here are some free career-assessment tests that can help.

123 Career Test
This unusual 15-question interactive quiz explores your basic preferences about working. Do you like working in an office, for example, or outdoors? Based on your responses, the test recommends careers to consider . . . and some of the suggestions can be surprising.

Aptitude-Test.com
This site is a portal to a variety of tests that evaluate math skills, verbal aptitude, abstract reasoning and other skills.

iPersonic® Career Test
After answering only four questions, you get advice about the kind of work you should consider. How can that be, after only four questions? It's due to the quiz's clever methodology. You could learn, for example, that you are an "Independent Thinker."

The Princeton Review Career Quiz
You answer 24 questions ( Example: "Would you rather be an auditor or a musician?") and get a profile of who you are and careers to consider. It's fun and takes only about 10 minutes to complete.

Truity Holland Code Career Test
This quiz asks you to rate how much you might like specific activities, like tracking expenses or teaching people to read. The results suggest careers that might be right for you to consider.

Work Interest Wizard Test
This quiz takes a unique approach - you state how often you like to perform various duties. ( Example: How many times a day or a month would you like to clean up files at work?) The quiz then offers some guidance about careers to consider.

What About the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Test?
This classic psychological assessment test has been used for years by career counselors to direct counselees to careers that are right for them. This test asks questions and then places you on the following scales:

Extroversion vs. Introversion

Sensing vs. Intuition

Thinking vs. Feeling

Judging vs. Perceiving

There are places where you can take the Myers-Briggs online. However, chances are the best place to take it is in the career counseling office at your college or university, where a counselor can administer the test and help you weigh the results.

Happy Career Testing . . . Happy Succeeding

The career tests we list in today's post might not lead you to discover your ideal career. They could, however, suggest some career options you might have been overlooking. Participate in our Career Pathway Study and you will be empowered with new information to make career and educational decisions that ultimately align with your interests, passions, and aptitudes.

We wish you the best as you make plans for a fulfilling and successful professional life.

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8 Free Career Tests You Can Take Online - Student Research Foundation

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What is the best career for you? Have you chosen the right college major? If you're asking questions like those, don't feel stressed. Everyone, at some point of his or her career, sometimes wonders, "Am I on the right track?" But you can get some feedback without even leaving your desk.

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Quiz Results

After you complete The Princeton Review Career Quiz we will show you careers that match the "style" and "interest" colors you created. The colors have particular meanings:

Your Interest

"Interests" describe the types of activities that you are drawn to; these will need to be present in a job or career that you are considering if you are to stay motivated. It is important to note that interest in an activity does not necessarily indicate skill.

Your Style

"Style" describes the strengths that you could bring to a work environment when you are at your best. This is the way you like to get results. A work environment in which your strengths are appreciated is a big part of career satisfaction.

Recommended Careers

"Interests" describe the types of activities that you are drawn to; these will need to be present in a job or career that you are considering if you are to stay motivated. It is important to note that interest in an activity does not necessarily indicate skill.

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Take our short quiz to learn which is the right career for you.

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EducationPlanner.org, a public service of the Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency (PHEAA), offers practical and easy-to-understand advice and information on how to deal with common financial situations facing today's college students and recent graduates.

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Career videos are organized into 16 clusters, or related types of work. Select a category to view a list of videos related to that cluster. Videos include career details such as tasks, work settings, education needed, and more.

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Career videos are organized into 16 clusters, or related types of work. Select a category to view a list of videos related to that cluster. Videos include career details such as tasks, work settings, education needed, and more.

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The High Pay Isn't The Only Interesting Thing About These Odd Jobs..

"You Do What and Make How Much?!?"

Think back to the last time you were at a party or a social event, and you had to make small talk with new acquaintances. Inevitably the question of 'So what do you do?" is asked, and everyone recites their professions. While the regulars seem to always come up - doctor, lawyer, teacher, etc. - every once in a while, someone comes out with a doozy that could leave you scratching your head or picking your jaw up off the floor.

Did you know Horse Exerciser is a job? Or that you can make a living as a Bingo Manager? And even if you have heard of these odd jobs, chances are you'll be surprised at much they make. So, we dug through more than 4,000 of our job titles and picked out some under-the-radar, very fun jobs that pay well with annual salaries of $50,000 or more.

Annual median salary: $54,091

If you've ever found yourself holding a winning ticket at the track, chances are you've benefited, in part, from a horse exerciser.

Everyone who has watched the movie Seabiscuit knows jockeys are the ones who actually do the racing. But what most people don't realize is that other people help exercise and train the horses long before post time. The men and women who do this are called horse exercisers, and their primary responsibility is to ride the horses on non-race days and prepare them for the jockeys. From getting them used to walking in the gate to simulating a mid-race gallop, exercisers must gauge a horse's well-being and responsiveness and accurately relate it to the jockeys and trainers.

This job generally only requires a high school diploma, but also takes roughly seven years of experience to master. Although you won't get rich, if you're a lover of horses and/or want to someday become a jockey, this is a great way to do it and bring home a solid paycheck.

If horses don't blow your hair back, try these related careers that pay well in the leisure industry.

Annual median salary: $54,491

Lots of people whine about their jobs, but only a select few make their careers all about wine.

A sommelier, or wine steward, usually works at an upscale restaurant and is in charge of everything related to the business' wine collection. Customers who have questions or need recommendations ask the sommelier, and he/she picks out precisely the right wine pairing to go with their meal. But in addition to the public-facing part of a sommelier's job, he/she may also travel to vineyards to identify wine, buy wine from distributors, monitor the condition of the wine cellar, and work with restaurant chefs to prepare appetizing food and drink pairings.

Although a college degree is not always a prerequisite, most sommeliers have many years of experience and some will complete training and certification programs. Either way, there's a lot more to becoming a successful sommelier than watching Sideways over and over again.

We know wine isn't for everyone, so get a taste of these related jobs that pay well in food industry.

Annual median salary: $57,158

In an ideal world we wouldn't know what it's like to get bad news about a loved one, but most of us have. And if your case was handled sensitively and professionally, you can most likely thank a bereavement coordinator.

While these workers aren't generally the ones breaking the bad news to people, they're managing the social workers who do. They've also worked tirelessly to come up with a system that makes an impossible situation as painless as possible under the circumstances. This job generally requires a four-year college degree, and bereavement coordinators develop and implement programs to assist the survivors of people with terminal illness. They often work in settings such as hospitals, hospice, and nursing homes.

While some might be surprised at the paycheck bereavement coordinators take home, consider that they work in a high-stress field among emotionally distraught people going through some of the worst times in their lives.

Too morbid for you? There are plenty of other jobs that pay well in the administrative health care industry.

Annual median salary: $62,711

If all you know about pregnancy and childbirth was learned on TV and in movies, you might be tempted to think women casually go into labor and then give birth minutes later while never breaking a sweat or smearing their make-up.

But the truth is there's a lot of preparation, and much of it is done by childbirth educators. These men and women aren't doctors, but they almost always have college degrees and several years of experience. Their job isn't to deliver the baby, but to prepare for the delivery with classes and information regarding childbirth procedures, trends in labor and delivery technology, and even holds pre-conception classes.

Often affiliated with area hospitals, these workers often serve not only as an initial source of information for expectant parents, but a continuing resource even after the birth.

There's a lot of other jobs waiting in the non-profit and social services field.

Annual median salary: $61,140

This isn't your grandmother's smoke-filled bingo hall job.

Often working for a casino, bingo can be big business. And a bingo manager directs it all. Although this position doesn't require a college degree, the person in the job does generally need at least five years of experience. The manager approves jackpots and payouts, handles escalated customer complaints and issues, and maintains total compliance with federal and state gaming regulations. Additionally, bingo managers oversee all aspects of their staff and maintain budgets.

While this annual salary isn't exactly hitting the jackpot, it's a surprisingly high s.

And if Bingo doesn't float your boat, try your hand as a blackjack dealer.

Annual median salary: $63,484

Many people ride in them all the time to get to work, but most people probably don't give any mind to the safety of elevators until they get stuck in one.

Let's face it, if you work in a gargantuan skyscraper it might be good exercise to hike to the 100th floor every day, but for the sake of your time and sanity the elevator is quicker. That's why elevator inspectors make sure all elevators meet safety and compliance codes for passengers and freight. They also inspect escalators, moving sidewalks, and wheelchair lift systems. After investigating complaints, they also can choose to recommend fixes to repairmen.

A college degree is not a requirement, but this job may require specific certifications and licensure depending on the state. All in all, it's a well-paying - albeit up and down - career.

This is just one of many lucrative skilled trade careers out there.

Annual median salary: $66,401

Most of the time when a job pays dirt, that's a bad thing. But for a soil conservationist whose work is dirt, it's a different story.

The main job of a soil conservationist is to come up with plans to prevent erosion and develop practices for sustainable land use, mostly by performing land-use surveys. Whether working in the private sector or in some level of government, conservation and 'green" issues have taken on added importance in recent years. This is especially vital in areas of the country susceptible to the impacts of erosion, such as coastal areas.

With open space and buildable land becoming a precious commodity, the effects of building on said land is carefully documented by soil conservationists. Most people who work in this position have a bachelor's degree in agricultural science or environmental studies.

If you're not exactly soiling yourself to work in this job, there are other careers that pay well in the related field of agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Annual median salary: $67,887

Admit it -- at one point in your life you wanted to be the conductor of a train. It's understandable since trains are cool, but you might not have realized it's also fairly profitable.

Locomotive engineers operate passenger and freight trains. In addition to monitoring things like speed, air pressure, battery, etc. during the trip, they must inspect the train and prepare routes and scheduling prior to every trip. While putting "train conductor" on your resume is impressive, locomotive engineers often work well more than 40 hours, lots of nights and weekends.

Train engineers must be at least 21 years old, have a high school diploma, and years of training involving classroom instruction, simulators and on-the-job training. They must also possess a federal license.

Skilled labor positions are always in demand (not to mention high paying).

Annual median salary: $72,385

Do you want to shape and influence the way society deals with contentious medical issues? You might consider this unheralded position.

Issues such as 'Right to Live," stem cell research and cloning can often be found in the day's biggest headlines. Emotions run high on both sides of these important topics and they often spill over into the political arena as well. A clinical ethicist takes an unbiased, non-partisan approach to examining each of these issues and providing input that helps shape how patients, their families, doctors, and hospitals deal with these difficult situations.

Most ethicists will need a master's degree or doctorate related to medical ethics, and a minimum of at least five years of experience.

Check out these related careers that pay well in the health care practitioner field.

Annual median salary: $74,765

Are you or do you know someone missing a limb, or who has needed orthopedic braces? Then you should thank a prosthetist or orthotist.

A prosthetist is someone who specializes in designing and fitting people with artificial limbs, while an orthotist designs orthopedic braces such as surgical supports and corrective shoes. Whether the missing limbs are from a birth defect, accident or the increasing number of wounded veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, prosthetists carefully examine the affected area and customize artificial hands, feet, arms and legs for the patient. They are similar careers and many people specialize in both fields simultaneously.

A four-year degree is a requirement and most states require certification from groups such as the American Board for Certification in Orthotics and Prosthetics, along with at least five years experience.

Many health care practitioner jobs pay $100,000 a year and above.

Annual median salary: $84,310

Most people not in healthcare are probably thinking 'what the heck is that?" We'll tell you, but be forewarned this isn't a career for the squeamish.

An enterostomy is an operation in which the surgeon cuts a passage into the patient's small intestine, through the abdomen. The newly created opening allows for the drainage of fecal matter or to insert a feeding tube. This procedure is used mostly in emergency cases of severe abdomen wounds and diseases such as certain types of cancer and Crohn's disease. The enterostomal therapist has to not only care for the stoma post-surgery, but also educate patients on how to properly care for it beforehand. Patients cannot leave the hospital until they know how to properly care for themselves after the surgery, and until they learn, enterostomal therapists are in charge of cleaning and sanitizing the stoma for them.

They generally must have either an associate's or bachelor's degree, as well as earn certification as a nursing degree.

There are plenty of jobs that pay well in the health care field.

Recommended Reading

Whether you're working in an unusual field or a popular one, the important thing is you're being paid fairly. And Salary.com can help.

The first thing you should do is research, so you're able to come to the table armed with the knowledge of what your job is worth. Use our free Salary Wizard below to find out what's a fair salary for your position. You can enter your location, education level, years of experience and more to find out an appropriate salary range before you negotiate.

Good luck.

How much are you worth?

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11 Odd Jobs with High Salaries | Salary.com

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Think back to the last time you were at a party or a social event, and you had to make small talk with new acquaintances. Inevitably the question of 'So what do you do?" is asked, and everyone recites their professions. While the regulars seem to always come up - doctor, lawyer, teacher, etc.

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Best Jobs For Humanities Majors | PayScale

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Humanities majors learn valuable skills like written communication and critical thinking. Find out which high-paying jobs humanities majors get hired for.

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You went through four years of college, studied long and hard, and made it to the other side, proudly holding your liberal arts degree. Or, not so proudly: Given all the talk lately of whether studying liberal arts is worth anything and the less-than-easy job market, it would be understandable if you were starting to doubt your degree.

Well, you shouldn't! We're here to tell you that there are plenty of companies looking for people with all kinds of degrees-and LinkedIn just came up with the data to prove it. We recently discovered LinkedIn for Education, which includes a great tool that aggregates data from the site's user base to give you information about the paths of people with the same major as you. By searching your field of study, you can get information about which companies most people went to work for, what sorts of roles they filled, and more.

Curious, we decided to search for some of the most popular liberal arts majors that leave people unsure what to do next, and what we discovered surprised us! For example, many fine arts majors were able to find jobs doing design work with the likes of Apple and Target, and IBM seems to be hiring across all sorts of fields!

Read below to learn more about the career paths of some common degrees, or head over to LinkedIn to search for your own major!

1. Political Science and Government

2. English Language and Literature

3. Psychology

4. Biology

5. Environmental Studies

6. History

7. Economics

8. Fine Art

9. Ethnic, Cultural Minority, Gender, and Group Studies

10. Mathematics

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Have a Liberal Arts Degree? These Companies Want to Hire You

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You went through four years of college, studied long and hard, and made it to the other side, proudly holding your liberal arts degree. Or, not so proudly: Given all the talk lately of whether studying liberal arts is worth anything and the less-than-easy job market, it would be understandable if you were starting to doubt your degree.

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The 50 Best Jobs in America - And How Much They Pay

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What are the best jobs right now? Glassdoor released their fourth annual survey highlighting the best jobs and what they pay.

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Payroll employment increases by 175,000 in April; unemployment rate changes little at 3.9%

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 175,000 in April, and the unemployment rate changed little at 3.9 percent. Job gains occurred in health care, in social assistance, and in transportation and warehousing.

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The Bureau of Labor Statistics is the principal fact-finding agency for the Federal Government in the broad field of labor economics and statistics.

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Health care jobs dominate again, and this year one such industry job tops the list.