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War broke out between Russia and japan in 1904. Nicholas the second called people to fight for the faith, the tsar and the fatherland. Russians suffered defeat after another.

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Austria's defeat brought pressure for political change. One politician, Ferenc Deak. He brought about the political climate for a change in the government. this new system would be called Dual Monarchy. This system would split Austria and Hungary into their own separate self-governing states. The Hungarians were open to the compromise, but the Czechs, and Slavs were still defiant.

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For centuries, tsars had ruled with absolute power, imposing their will on their subjects. The tsars tried to make liberal reforms but drew back when they began to worry fear losing the support of nobles.
Peyton Young.

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Russia tries Reform - continued (peyton young)

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Russia tries Reform - continued (peyton young)

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By 1815, Russia was not only the largest, most populous nation in Europe but also a great world power. Explorers, soldiers, and traders seeking furs had expanded Russia's empire eastward across Siberia to the Pacific. A great obstacle to progress was the rigid social structure. The middle class was small and weak. Most Russians were serfs, while serfdom had almost disappeared in Western Europe, it had survived and spread to Russia.

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During the 1800s, Russia expanded its empire eastward into Asia but faced rising demands for reform at home. Reformers called for an end to autocratic rule and urged the tsar to modernize Russia.

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Austrian Hapsburgs, and ottoman Turks owned land with various ethnic groups. The Hapsburgs were the oldest ruling family in Europe. The idea of nationalism spread, and tension between the government and the people rose. Nations joined by the idea of Nationalism such as Germany, and Italy undermined people like the Austrian Hapsburgs, and the Ottoman Turks. The Austrian Hapsburgs faced many challenges, due to the difficulty of owning vast amounts of land with vast numbers of ethnic groups living in that land. Trying to limit the influence of other European countries on Austria, the royal family restricted industrialization. After the embarrassing defeat  to the French, the then ruler of Austria, Francis Joseph applied a new constitution, although after this, the people were still not satisfied.

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Emancipation and Stirrings of Revolution (Connor)

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Emancipation and Stirrings of Revolution (Connor)

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After Russia was defeated in the Crimean War, Russian liberals demanded changes, and students demonstrated, seeking reform. In 1861, Alexander ll agreed to reforms. Alexander ll issued a royal decree that required emancipation, or freeing, of the serfs.  This freedom brought some problems but, also was a turning point. Many peasants moved to cities, taking jobs and building Russian industries.

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Protesters were on the streets. Workers went on strike demanding shorter hours and better wages. Liberals called for a constitution and reforms to overhaul the government. Father george Gapon organized a peaceful march for Sunday, January 22, 1905. Father george was certain with this march tsar would understand the people's suffering. Marchers walked down the streets towards tsar's winter palace. They were chanting prayers and singing hymns. Tsar fled the palace and called in the soldiers. Hundreds of men and women fell dead or wounded in the snow. Bloody sunday killed the people's faith and trust in the tsar.

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The Ottoman Empire Reclines (peyton young)

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The Ottoman Empire Reclines (peyton young)

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The ottomans ruled a multinational empire. It stretched from Eastern Europe and the Balkans to North Africa and the Middle East.

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In 1830 the Balkans, Serbia, won autonomy. Southern Greece won independence in the 1830s as well. But many other national groups still lived under the Ottoman rule, such as the Serbs, the Bulgarians, and so on. By the mid 1800s, Europeans came to see the Ottoman Empire as, " The sick man of Europe." Eagerly they tried to divide up the Ottoman's land. All countries had plans to where they were going to divide and move to. The Russians fought several wars against the Ottomans. Germany parted with the Ottomans because of their strategies. The explosion the came in 1914 helped set of WWI.
Peyton Young

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Manifest won moderates leaving socialists isolated. This helped tsar. In 1906 was the first duma meeting. Tsar quickly dissolved it. Peter Stolypin was appointed as nicholas prime minister. Peter improved education before being assassinated in 1911. He also helped reform order in arrest and pogroms.

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Unrest Explodes into Revolution (Jackie)

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Unrest Explodes into Revolution (Jackie)

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Months that followed bloody sunday. Strikes multiplied. Some city workers took over local government. In the countryside peasants demanded land. Nicholas promised freedom of person, conscience, speech, assembly, and union. He also said no law would go in effect without the approval of duma ( elected national legislature).

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The Beginning of Industrialization (Connor)

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The Beginning of Industrialization (Connor)

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In the 1890's, the government focused on economic development. It encouraged building railroads to connect iron and coal mines with factories and to transport goods across Russia. Industrialization also brought increased social and political problems. Government officials and business leaders loved the economic growth but, nobles hated it, fearing the changes it brought. Peasants flocked to cities hoping for a better life but instead, they found long hours and low pay in dangerous conditions.