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There were about 4,296 protests with over 5,402,011 attendees in 2017, and that was probably an underestimate!

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Maps built from the "Count Love" project reveal patterns in American protests

Meet Tommy Leung and Nathan Perkins (MED'18). Perkins, a Boston University PhD candidate in neuroscience who studies songbirds, and Tommy Leung, a software engineer with a PhD in engineering systems from MIT, have a side gig together: counting protests.

Since the 2016 presidential election, Americans have been protesting issues from healthcare to immigration. Earlier in 2017, Leung and Perkins launched their site Count Love, which chronicles all protests against the current administration.

"[We wanted] to turn that protest activity into something that could be used to make a larger point," Perkins explains. Leung says they hope their data could eventually be given to government officials as evidence of the issues their constituents are passionate about.

To gather strong, reliable data, Perkins and Leung opted for a conservative approach: they skipped Twitter and Facebook in favor of local media accounts of American protests. Since January 20, 2017, the pair has recorded about 4,296 protests with over 5,402,011 attendees (as of October 11, 2017), numbers they consider likely to be an underestimate.

Some of the most recent spate of nationwide protests occurred following the violent confrontation between white nationalists and counterprotesters in Charlottesville, VA, on August 12, 2017 (below).

So far, Perkins and Leung have confirmed 351 Charlottesville-related protests involving 64,198 people, and while many have occurred in the northeast, the pair point out that "Charlottesville protests, like protests about healthcare, immigration, and civil rights, appear all throughout the country." For them, the national distribution of the Charlottesville protests-and others-emphasizes that people throughout the country care about the same issues. "We are not as different or divided as is often portrayed in the national media," says Perkins.

Perkins and Leung started their project after attending the Boston chapter of the Women's March on January 21, 2017. "It was nice to see that so many people came out," says Perkins. "But we were walking back and it was like, well, did that accomplish anything?"

The pair started by overlaying all the women's marches onto a map of the United States (below), "just to say, look, people from all parts of the country came out," says Perkins. "Just something a little more permanent."

They used data from the Crowd Counting Consortium cross-referenced with reports from local newspaper and television outlets to document where protests occurred and how many people attended. According to the data they gathered, there were 425 total marches involving 4,124,543 people throughout the United States.

Soon after the Women's March, people began protesting the travel ban, and then other issues. "We realized there was this momentum," says Perkins, adding that while big protests in cities like New York get the most national coverage, there are many more smaller protests happening in cities and towns nationwide.

To capture the full scope, the pair built a software tool that visits local online newspapers and television station sites every night and identifies articles that include the terms "protest," "rally," or "march." Perkins and Leung parse the articles manually and pull out relevant data, including when and where a protest occurred, what was being protested, and how many people attended. The project started with a few hundred local newspaper and television sites but now includes over 2,000. They update the site nightly with the most current protest data. Below are their results through October 11, 2017.

Unlike the Women's March, which was a nationally organized series of protests on a specific day, the American protests over immigration initially emerged after the first executive travel ban and continued over a longer period of time.

"The travel ban was much more organic; people just went to their local airports," Perkins explains. "There were some very big and sustained protests at cities that do act as crucial ports of entry, but the travel ban mobilized protesters in large numbers throughout the country," as seen in the map below. Perkins adds that protests occurred in places that aren't particularly associated with large immigrant populations, such as Boise, Idaho, Joplin, Missouri, and Portland, Maine. In the month following the initial travel ban on January 27, 2017, Perkins and Leung confirmed 433 American protests related to immigration with at least 219,045 attendees.

Perkins and Leung also mapped the most commonly protested issue in each state (below). Immigration is protested the most in southern border states like California, Arizona, and Texas, and in states with large immigrant populations like New York and Massachusetts. Civil rights protests are most common in central states such as Colorado and Minnesota, while racial injustice tops the list in southern states such as Virginia, Georgia, and Tennessee. Only in Nebraska are executive protests-general protests of the current administration not associated with a specific policy or event- most common.

"People will put the effort into protesting and standing up for an issue if it has more immediate relevance," Perkins says. "Ten people come out in this teeny town and they'll hold a little sit-in or talk about how much they appreciate the Affordable Care Act."

After hearing so much about the divide between urban and rural, Perkins and Leung did their own analysis. They broke down the issues people are protesting in urban and rural counties, defining urban as more than 200 people per square kilometer and rural as less than 200 people per square kilometer. They discovered that people are generally protesting similar issues, including immigration, civil rights, and racial injustice, as shown in the pie charts below.

"For the most part, there was surprising consistency in their priorities, which was kind of nice to see," Perkins said. "It suggests that a lot of values are held throughout the country."

"We aren't all that different," Leung adds.

Some highly populated states like California and New York that have a lot of protesters overall also have a lot of protesters relative to population, as seen on the bubble map below. By contrast, other large states like Texas and Florida that have a large number of overall protesters do not have a lot of protest activity relative to population. There are also states with small populations, like Maine and Vermont, which have a lot of protesters relative to population. Massachusetts falls in the middle population-wise, but has had a lot of protest activity.

Micah Sifry, a cofounder of Personal Democracy Media, was so impressed by Count Love that he invited Perkins and Leung to speak at the 2017 Personal Democracy Forum. "They are a great example of people with tech skills and data smarts taking on a hard problem and solving it in a fresh way," Sifry says. "It's very hard to get an accurate picture of political protest activity and no method will be perfect, but their approach-which is very conservative-definitely offers a solid baseline."

Zachary Steinert-Threlkeld, a political scientist at UCLA who uses Twitter geotags to record crowd size at protests, thinks Count Love is "really promising." He points out that measuring American protests is a useful way of determining how citizens feel about the many policy issues that come up between voting opportunities. "The protest movement in the United States appears to be well sustained and broadly based both geographically and substantively," he says.

Perkins and Leung are developing tools to more directly capture crowd size at protests while protecting individual privacy. They built an iPhone app-also called Count Love -that allows users to indicate they attended a protest (and verifies using GPS location), yet ensures the information cannot be traced back to a specific phone.

They also hope that, someday, their approach of extracting structured information from local newspaper and television stories can be adapted to look at topics like gentrification, housing, and education on a national scale.

"We hope that Count Love will serve as a resource for future research in political engagement and social activism," Perkins says. "[Protest] has played a crucial role through so many generations of reform in our country, and by recording those acts of dissent, we can do a small part to amplify and remember that activism."

BU Law professor keeps tabs on SCOTUS funnymakers

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Nathan Perkins and Tommy Leung created "Count Love" to track data on American protests. The protest statistics hint that we're not as divided as we think.

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For example: Women still protest for rights to this day.

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transcript

Women's March 2.0: Scenes of a Protest

A year after millions of women protested President Trump, marchers gathered across the country and the world.

"It is our duty to fight for our freedom. It is our duty to win. We must love each other and support each other. We have nothing to lose but our chains." "Trump can't read. Trump can't read. All he does is watch TV." "Tell me what democracy looks like. This is what democracy looks like." "Show me what democracy looks like. This is what democracy looks like." "And together let's make sure all young girls everywhere know that they have a voice. They can use it. One woman's voice is powerful. But all of our voices are completely unstoppable." "Well I went down to the White House and I took back what he stole from me." "Women's rights are human rights!"

A year after millions of women protested President Trump, marchers gathered across the country and the world. Credit Credit... Andrea Bruce for The New York Times

A year after millions of people turned out for the Women's March and took to the streets en masse to protest President Trump's inauguration, demonstrators gathered on Saturday in cities across the United States, galvanized by their disdain for Mr. Trump and his administration's policies.

A deluge of revelations about powerful men abusing women, leading to the #MeToo moment, has pushed activists to demand deeper social and political change. Progressive women are eager to build on the movement and translate their enthusiasm into electoral victories in this year's midterm elections.
Here are some highlights:
* More than 200,000 protesters attended the march in New York on Saturday, according to Mayor Bill de Blasio. Mayor Eric Garcetti of Los Angeles said 600,000 attended the march there, while organizers of the Chicago march said 300,000 attended that event. Thousands also turned out in Washington, Philadelphia, Austin and hundreds of other cities and towns around the country and world.

* Several speakers urged women to channel their energy into helping Democrats win races in the upcoming midterm elections. A rally called "Power to the Polls," organized by the leaders of last year's Women's March in Washington, will be held on Sunday in Las Vegas.

* President Trump said in a tweet that it was a "perfect day for all Women to March," while touting "unprecedented economic success and wealth creation" under his watch.

* Read our analysis of how activists have tried to sustain the energy from last year's marches - and the challenges they face next.

That's what Vanessa Medina, a 32-year-old nurse, said prompted her to participate this year, even though she didn't march last January. Ms. Medina, of Clifton, N.J., cited the Time's Up campaign against sexual harassment and Republicans' attempts to defund Planned Parenthood as her reasons for protesting.

"I want equal pay," her 11-year-old daughter, Xenaya, chimed in. "And equal rights."

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Ann Dee Allen of Wauwatosa, Wis., stood by a vendor table on 60th Street and Broadway, holding a T-shirt and a handful of buttons she had just bought for the demonstration.

"I feel differently about it this year," said Ms. Allen, 61, who works in communications for a health care organization. "Last year, I just felt kind of angry and impassioned. This year, I feel like I'm in it for the long haul."

Women filled Central Park West from 61st Street north as far as the eye could see. A D.J. spun songs. The wind kicked up.

Desiree Joy Frias, 24, of the Bronx, and her grandmother, Daisy Vanderhorst, wore red capes and curved white hoods - the telltale outfits of the enslaved child-bearers of "The Handmaid's Tale," which was recently adapted for television from Margaret Atwood's dystopian science fiction novel.

"We both watch the show," said Ms. Frias, a law school graduate who said she belongs to an activist group called the "Handmaid Coalition." "We're a group of men and women that believe fiction should not become reality."

In the middle of a park surrounded by gleaming downtown skyscrapers, hundreds of thousands of people assembled. Some hugged strangers. Others were still coloring in their signs.

"I'm done with men feeling like they have some sort of power over women, and I'm definitely done with having a president who believes that he has the power to take things from them, to take things that are provided - like Planned Parenthood - from women, when they deserve the same sort of health care as anybody else," said Amanda Kowalski, 28, who works in financial services.

Claudia Grubbs, a 42-year-old high school teacher, returned after marching last year, which she said spurred her into donating to organizations that support women in politics.

"Over the last year, every day when I read the news or watch the news, I'm horrified at the things that Trump and his administration are doing, and I feel like going to the march will help re-center me, refocus me and not make me feel like I don't know what is happening to our country," she said. "I feel like it'll help me gain a sense of balance and a sense of purpose, and help me pursue things that I want to pursue."

Ashley Bennett, a Democrat from Egg Harbor Township, N.J., unseated a longtime local Republican politician in her first campaign for office last November. She ran for Atlantic County freeholder against John L. Carman after he posted a meme on Facebook during last year's march asking, "Will the women's protest be over in time for them to cook dinner?"

Ms. Bennett told the crowd at Saturday's march in New York that she was scared to run at first, and that she asked herself, "Am I the right person? Can I really do this? But then I realized that if you wait until you feel ready, you may never take action."

In Washington, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, Democrat of California, took the stage with other legislators who arrived from the Capitol. She praised the women who have already launched campaigns, many for the first time.

"They marched, and now they have run for office, and some of them have already won their office," she said. "We want women to know their power in so many respects - by showing up not only on the day of the march, but in airports, in town halls."

"It's women who are holding our democracy together in these dangerous times," added Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, Democrat of New York. "To change the system, we need to change the players and have women at the table."

On Twitter Saturday afternoon, the president seemed to celebrate the women's demonstrations, even though the protests across the country had a distinct anti-Trump message.

According to Bureau of Labor Statistics data, the unemployment rate for women aged 20 and older has been falling steadily since 2012, years before Mr. Trump took office.

On Friday, Mr. Trump addressed the thousands of anti-abortion protesters gathered in Washington for the March for Life.

"We are with you all the way," he said in remarks broadcast to the National Mall. The president, who once described himself as "very pro-choice," has used his executive powers to curtail abortion rights.

The federal government shutdown that took effect early Saturday did not dissuade marchers from taking to the streets.

One of the sticking points that led to the shutdown - disagreement over extending legal status to immigrants brought into the country illegally as children - has become a rallying cry for organizers.

On the Metro headed to the Smithsonian, participants on their way to the Lincoln Memorial wore the symbolic pink hats that became popular during last year's march.

Michelle Bloom, 52, a Washington teacher, held a sign as her daughter, Jenna, 14, repaired hers with duct tape. She had made it in her mother's classroom Friday, tracing the handprints of her classmates who couldn't make it to the march.

"It's inspiring to see young and old coming together like this," Michelle Bloom said. But, she added, "I thought there would be more."

Women lined the frozen reflecting pool and slowly filled the grassy areas, but there was still space for kickball games around the Washington Monument. And people jogged and biked around the Mall, which would have been impossible a year ago, when the crowd of marchers was bigger.

The organizers of last year's march in Washington focused their energy this year on putting together an event Sunday in Las Vegas. The event, Power to the Polls, will serve as an opening rally for a national voter registration campaign.

While the crowds in Washington were not quite as large as they were in 2017, the Mall was still teeming with people.

Garrett Regunberg, 32, pointed to the rallies against President Trump's travel ban as an example of ongoing activism that has made a difference.

"There was a lot done in the first year to limit the damage that could have been done," he said. "The resistance is alive."

Marchers packed into downtown Chicago to listen to speakers like billionaire Democratic donor Tom Steyer, who has urged Democrats to make the ouster of Mr. Trump a central campaign issue this year.

With midterm elections approaching, Mr. Steyer said, "We are going to have to be organized, we are going to have to be engaged and we are going to have to go to the polls and flip those seats."

Marchers shouted anti-Trump chants and carried signs saying, "Vote" and "Immigrants Make America Great."

"I'm an activist and an artist and I'm here to fight for women's equality and equality for all minorities," said Michelle Hartney, 39, of Chicago, who said she attended the Women's March in Washington last year.

Some women avoided the marches on Saturday because they felt they were too focused on electing Democrats, at the expense of other issues. They wanted the movement to be more inclusive of people of color and other marginalized groups.

Nadya Agrawal, 26, joined the big rally in Washington last year. "But it just wasn't what I thought it would be," she said. "It felt more like a commiseration rather than the start of a lot of work."

Gatherings like these, she added, were no substitute for more focused activism. "I hope that the women who are at this rally are also going to the next Black Lives Matter protest, or marching on behalf of DACA," she said.

Other gatherings across the country faced similar criticism on social media and in public statements. In Cincinnati, Black Lives Matter activists said on their website, the march was not welcoming to minorities and was "a poorly veiled campaign to elect more Democrats to 'resist Trump.'" In Philadelphia, activists criticized the rally in an open letter after they learned that the police would be on patrol. (Organizers said the security was normal for a large event and marginalized groups were well represented.)

Deandra Jefferson, 24, who helped write the letter, said in a phone interview on Saturday that the march "caters mostly toward middle class, straight white women," and was not an effective way to dismantle oppression.

"They should stop organizing these marches until they decide what they're going to do the other 364 days of the year," she added.

The shutdown kept the president from traveling as planned to his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida this weekend.

Despite his absence, several hundred protesters gathered north of the mansion, on the beach in front of Worth Avenue. Many people waved "Impeach Trump" signs.

Organizers of the second Women's March in Ottawa shifted the focus to issues directly affecting Canadian women. Many marchers wore red scarves as a gesture of support for the large number of indigenous women whose murders or disappearances have received relatively little attention from the police.

The march, which began at the Parliament buildings, was one of about three dozen across Canada.

Among those who addressed the crowd in Ottawa was Catherine McKenna, the environment minister, who has been one of the leading international voices against President Trump's climate policies.

Late last year, Ms. McKenna confronted a reporter from a right-wing Canadian news outlet, Rebel Media, over its repeated references to her as Climate Barbie. Earlier, a Conservative member of Parliament apologized for describing her that way on Twitter.

"I realized that when I spoke out in my small case of being called Climate Barbie - when I did it I felt better, but I also saw that so many other people stood up for me and they also felt empowered," Ms. McKenna said in an interview outside of a concert venue at the end of the march.

Although Ms. McKenna credited Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who regularly describes himself as a feminist, for encouraging women to enter politics, she said their numbers still must increase, and not just in Canada.

"I really believe that we wouldn't have had an ambitious Paris climate agreement if we didn't have strong women negotiators," she said. "That's one of the untold stories."

The actress and director Asia Argento, one of the first women to publicly accuse Harvey Weinstein of sexual assault, has been mostly vilified by Italian commentators. But the several hundred women who congregated in a downtown Rome piazza on Saturday morning gave her a rousing welcome.

"I'd like to see how many of you today acknowledge that you have put up with abuse, by raising your hands. And not just sexual. Abuse of power. Because we are women, because we don't have power," said Ms. Argento, as numerous hands timidly rose from the crowd.

The women chanted slogans in Italian and English in solidarity with a global sisterhood whose vision "is in sharp contrast with the Donalds of the world and other self-proclaimed geniuses," said one of the keynote speakers, Loretta Bondi, of Rome's Casa Internazionale delle Donne, or International Women's Center.

Women also gathered in other corners of the world, including Frankfurt, Germany; Kampala, Uganda; and Osaka, Japan, where a small group chanted "Time's up!" in English and Japanese.

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Women's March 2018: Protesters Take to the Streets for the Second Straight Year (Published 2018)

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A year after millions of people turned out for the Women's March and took to the streets en masse to protest President Trump's inauguration, demonstrators gathered on Saturday in cities across the United States, galvanized by their disdain for Mr. Trump and his administration's policies.

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I thought that our society was already pretty equal

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I thought that our society was already pretty equal

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Our world as a whole has progressed a lot in terms of equality.

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The immense amount of protest signifies that our society is not yet perfect, and there are many kinks to work out.

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Not too long ago, our country promoted slavery, one of the last countries to still have slavery as a legal thing.

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treat all people equally, with the same respect.