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The caste system in India is called Jati.

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A short essay on Jati, the caste system in India.

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https://asiasociety.org/education/jati-caste-system-india

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The Caste System is not completely abolished because sentiment towards certain people is still very prevalent and people can even be identified in a caste now by last name.

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35650616

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https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/02/asia/dalit-protests-india-intl/index.html

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Korea has a caste system named baekjeong which is similar to one in Japan called burakumin. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Caste_system#Korean_caste_system

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https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/japan-has-caste-system-and-it%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98untouchables%E2%80%99-are-yet-be-completely-mainstreamed-35429 Even though the caste system is illegal, it still exists in Japan and the people at the bottom are often  ostracized and looked down upon.

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Nepal has 36 castes that all have different people based on their families.

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Protest about the caste system in India
https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/02/asia/dalit-protests-india-intl/index.html

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Nepal has a caste system that most people don't recognize
https://www.thelongestwayhome.com/blog/nepal/nepalese-caste-system-culture-in-nepal-today/

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India's caste system, which splits up Hindus into different societal groups according to their work and birth, is thought by researchers to go back some 3,000 years.
https://www.dw.com/en/indias-caste-system-weakened-but-still-influential/a-39718124

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france and spain
For centuries, through the modern times, the majority regarded Cagots who lived primarily in the Basque region of France and Spain as an inferior caste, the untouchables. While they had the same skin color and religion as the majority, in the churches they had to use segregated doors, drink from segregated fonts, and receive communion on the end of long wooden spoons. It was a closed social system. The socially isolated Cagots were endogamous, and chances of social mobility non-existent.

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the caste system in India continues to have a strong impact on society.
https://www.dw.com/en/indias-caste-system-weakened-but-still-influential/a-39718124

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There are 5 classes in India's caste system (Brahmins on the top, Kshatriyas, Vasishyas, Shurdas and Daltis on the bottom)

https://www.dw.com/en/indias-caste-system-weakened-but-still-influential/a-39718124

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Caste Bias exists in many domestic universities, especially in Indian and Middle-eastern dominated universities. https://www.wgbh.org/news/national-news/2019/02/27/caste-bias-isnt-illegal-in-the-united-state-but-this-university-is-trying-to-fight-it

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Eight people died in protests in three states on Monday, as tens of thousands of lower-caste Indians demonstrated violently across the country against a recent Supreme Court ruling they say dilutes protections for the Dalit community

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Caste systems in Somalia mandate non-Arab descended outcasts as impure. Some other societies in Africa separate by occupation or ethnic ties. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Caste_system

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There are 36 castes within Nepal. "One should never touch someone of the lowest caste"
https://www.thelongestwayhome.com/blog/nepal/nepalese-caste-system-culture-in-nepal-today/

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The caste system isn't as relevant in india as it used to be.
https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/posts/caste-still-relevant-today

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The Buraku people of Japan.The Buraku  are an outcast group at the bottom of the traditional Japanese social order that has historically been the victim of severe discrimination and ostracism. They were originally members of outcast communities in the Japanese Feudal Era.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burakumin

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Pakistan and Nepal has designated where you can work, who you can marry, and what your reputation is in life.  https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/04/25/605030018/when-caste-discrimination-comes-to-the-united-states

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the upper and lower castes almost always lived in segregated colonies, the water wells were not shared, Brahmins would not accept food or drink from the Shudras, and one could marry only within one's caste
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35650616

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The people of Nepal are divided into castes based off ones their families were assigned in 1854. Though castes are not supposed to be tied with socioeconomic status, it still often is. This became evident after an earthquake that hit in 2015. People at the bottom of the caste were helped last and given the least amount of aid. https://journeys.dartmouth.edu/NepalQuake-CaseStudies/caste-based-inequality/#significance

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India's caste system is one of the world's oldest forms of social stratification

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India's caste system is among the world's oldest forms of surviving social stratification. The BBC explains its complexities.

The system which divides Hindus into rigid hierarchical groups based on their karma (work) and dharma (the Hindi word for religion, but here it means duty) is generally accepted to be more than 3,000 years old.

How did caste come about?

Manusmriti, widely regarded to be the most important and authoritative book on Hindu law and dating back to at least 1,000 years before Christ was born, "acknowledges and justifies the caste system as the basis of order and regularity of society".

The caste system divides Hindus into four main categories - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras. Many believe that the groups originated from Brahma, the Hindu God of creation.

At the top of the hierarchy were the Brahmins who were mainly teachers and intellectuals and are believed to have come from Brahma's head. Then came the Kshatriyas, or the warriors and rulers, supposedly from his arms. The third slot went to the Vaishyas, or the traders, who were created from his thighs. At the bottom of the heap were the Shudras, who came from Brahma's feet and did all the menial jobs.

The main castes were further divided into about 3,000 castes and 25,000 sub-castes, each based on their specific occupation.

Outside of this Hindu caste system were the achhoots - the Dalits or the untouchables.

How does caste work?

For centuries, caste has dictated almost every aspect of Hindu religious and social life, with each group occupying a specific place in this complex hierarchy.

Rural communities have long been arranged on the basis of castes - the upper and lower castes almost always lived in segregated colonies, the water wells were not shared, Brahmins would not accept food or drink from the Shudras, and one could marry only within one's caste.

The system bestowed many privileges on the upper castes while sanctioning repression of the lower castes by privileged groups.

Often criticised for being unjust and regressive, it remained virtually unchanged for centuries, trapping people into fixed social orders from which it was impossible to escape.

Despite the obstacles, however, some Dalits and other low-caste Indians, such as BR Ambedkar who authored the Indian constitution, and KR Narayanan who became the nation's first Dalit president, have risen to hold prestigious positions in the country.

Historians, though, say that until the 18th Century, the formal distinctions of caste were of limited importance to Indians, social identities were much more flexible and people could move easily from one caste to another.

New research shows that hard boundaries were set by British colonial rulers who made caste India's defining social feature when they used censuses to simplify the system, primarily to create a single society with a common law that could be easily governed.

Is the system legal?

Independent India's constitution banned discrimination on the basis of caste, and, in an attempt to correct historical injustices and provide a level playing field to the traditionally disadvantaged, the authorities announced quotas in government jobs and educational institutions for scheduled castes and tribes, the lowest in the caste hierarchy, in 1950.

In 1989, quotas were extended to include a grouping called the OBCs (Other Backward Classes) which fall between the traditional upper castes and the lowest.

In recent decades, with the spread of secular education and growing urbanisation, the influence of caste has somewhat declined, especially in cities where different castes live side-by-side and inter-caste marriages are becoming more common.

In certain southern states and in the northern state of Bihar, many people began using just one name after social reform movements. Despite the changes though, caste identities remain strong, and last names are almost always indications of what caste a person belongs to.

What about job quotas?

In recent years, there have been demands from several communities to be recognised as OBCs - in 2016 there were violent protests by the Jat community in Haryana and the Patel community led huge protests in Gujarat in 2015 demanding access to caste quotas.

Both are prosperous and politically dominant communities, but they support their demand for caste quotas by saying large numbers in their communities are poor and suffering.

Some say the caste system would have disappeared by now if the fires were not regularly fanned by politicians.

At elections, many caste groups still vote as a block and are wooed by politicians looking for electoral gains.

As a result, what was originally meant to be a temporary affirmative action plan to improve the lot of the unprivileged groups has now become a vote-grabbing exercise for many politicians.

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India's complex caste system is among the world's oldest forms of surviving social stratification.

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In the United States, inequality tends to be framed as an issue of either class, race or both. Consider, for example, criticism that Republicans' new tax plan is a weapon of " class warfare," or accusations that the recent U.S. government shutdown was racist.