# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 CiteSeerX | Pseudomonas fluorescens after Biofield Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	 CiteSeerX | Pseudomonas fluorescens after Biofield Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.body
Global emergence of Pseudomonas fluorescens displays a mechanism of resistance to all existing antimicrobials. Study the research to check influence of biofield treatment on P. fluorescens.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	CiteSeerX | Multidrug Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
	

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	CiteSeerX | Multidrug Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
	

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacillus, an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among nosocomial infections. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia.

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	An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Streptococcus group B
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Streptococcus group B
	

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi investigate the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae gr.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
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Volume 7(5): 269-273 (2015) - 269

ISSN: 1948-5948 JMBT, an open access journal

Research ArticleOpen Access

Trivedi et al., J Microb Biochem Technol 2015, 7:5

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000223

Research ArticleOpen Access

Microbial & Biochemical Technology

*Corresponding author:Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern

Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA, Tel: +91-755-6660006; E-mail:

Received August 12, 2015; Accepted September 01, 2015; Published September

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015)

Effect of Bioeld Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum

Pathogen. J Microb Biochem Technol 7: 269-273. doi: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000223

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed

under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits

unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original author and source are credited.

Streptococcus agalactiae group B (S. agalactiae gr. B) is widespread in nature mainly causes bacterial

septicemia and neonatal meningitis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of bioeld treatment

on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae

gr. B strain was used in this experiment bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 12386) number

and stored according to the recommended storage protocol. The revived and lyophilized state of ATCC strains

of S. agalactiae gr. B were selected for the study. Gr. I was considered as control. Both revived (Group; Gr. II)

and lyophilized (Gr. III) strains of S. agalactiae gr. B were subjected to Mr. Trivedi's bioeld treatment. Gr. II was

assessed on day 5 and day 10 while Gr. III on day 10 with respect to the control (Gr. I) using MicroScan Walk-Away®

system. Although bioeld treatment did not show any change with respect to susceptibility pattern. However the

minimum inhibitory concentration of S. agalactiae gr. B showed signicant (70.37%) alteration, out of twenty-seven

in lyophilized group (Gr. III) as compared to the control. Moreover, the improvement of MIC value of noroxacin was

observed by two-fold (8 to ≤4 µg/mL) in Gr. II on day 10 after bioeld energy treatment as compared to the control.

It was observed that overall 48.28% biochemical reactions, out of twenty-nine were altered in Gr. II with respect to

the control. Moreover, biotype numbers were changed in Gr. II on day 5 (777777615) and on day 10 (757677405)

as compared to the control (237147047). The results suggest that bioeld treatment has signicant impact on S.

agalactiae gr. B in revived treated cells (Gr. II) with respect to MIC values, biochemical reactions pattern and biotype

Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1 , Alice Branton1 , Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Harish Shettigar1, Sambhu Charan Mondal2 and Snehasis Jana2*

1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Madhya Pradesh, India

Minimum inhibitory concentration; Biochemical reaction; Biotype

Abbreviations: CLSI: Clinical and laboratory standards institute;

GBS: Group B Streptococci; CAMP: Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen;

CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; ACOG: American

College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; AAP: American Academy

of Pediatrics; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; ATCC:

American Type Culture Collection; PBPC 20: Positive Breakpoint

Group B Streptococci (GBS), or Streptococcus agalactiae group B,

are Gram-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, β-hemolytic and

chain-forming cocci bacteria. It is mainly inhabitant in human gut ora

and female urogenital tract [1]. Pregnant women [2] and neonates [3] are

the main victim host of this organism. It can be transferred to neonates

through the birth canal and causes bacterial septicaemia and neonatal

meningitis [4]. Most of GBS, produce Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen

(CAMP) factor or protein B an extracellular cytolytic protein and

β-lysin from Staphyllococcus species are jointly lysed the erythrocytes

[5]. It is estimated that in US over 70,000 cases of GBS diseases

were prevented [6]. Several antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin,

amoxicillin, cephalosporins (all three generations), macrolides,

clindamycin and vancomycin (as alternative) have been used to treat

against GBS infections. Among above mentioned antibiotics penicillin

is the drug of choice next to cefazolin. However, it also have certain

limitations such as high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), a

factor associated with high level of bacteremia and more concentration

of microbes in tissue, especially in cerebrospinal uid [7,8]. erefore,

some alternative treatment strategies are needed to overcome these

lacunas against β-hemolytic strain of gr. B Streptococci. Bioeld

treatment has been known as an alternative approach that may be

useful for S. agalactiae group B infected patients.

Researchers have shown that short-lived electrical events or action

potential exist in the several type of mammalian cells such as neurons,

muscles, and endocrine cells [9]. For instance, when the cells present

in central nervous system of human body communicate with each

another by means of electrical signals that propagate along the nerve

impulses. erefore, it was hypothesized that bioeld exists around

the human body and evidence was found using electromyography,

electrocardiography and electroencephalogram [10]. us, the human

body emits the electromagnetic waves in the form of bio-photons,

which surrounds the body and it is commonly known as bioeld.

erefore, the bioeld consists of electromagnetic eld, being generated

by moving electrically charged particles (ions, cell, molecule etc.) inside

the human body. Rivera-Ruiz reported that electrocardiography has

been extensively used to measure the bioeld of human body [11].

us, human has the ability to harness the energy from environment or

Universe and can transmit into any living or nonliving object(s) around

the Globe. e objects always receive the energy and responding into

useful way that is called bioeld energy and the process is known as

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Effect of Bioeld Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A

Postpartum Pathogen. J Microb Biochem Technol 7: 269-273. doi:10.4172/1948-5948.1000223

Volume 7(5): 269-273 (2015) - 270

ISSN: 1948-5948 JMBT, an open access journal

bioeld treatment that is also called as Trivedi eect®. Mr. Trivedi's

unique bioeld treatment has been known to transform the structural,

physical, and thermal properties of several metals in material science

[12-14], improved the overall productivity of crops [15,16], altered

characteristics features of microbes [17-19] and improved growth and

anatomical characteristics of various medicinal plants [20,21].

Due to the clinical signicance of this organism and literature

reports on bioeld treatment, the present work was undertaken to

evaluate the impact of bioeld treatment on S. agalactiae group B

in relation to antimicrobials susceptibility and bio typing based on

various biochemical characters.

S. agalactiae group B, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC

12386) strains were procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA, in

two sets A and B. Two dierent sealed packs were stored with proper

storage conditions until further use. All the tested antimicrobials and

biochemicals were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, MA, USA. e

antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions and biotype number

were estimated with the help of MicroScan Walk-Away® (Dade Behring

Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) using Positive Breakpoint Combo 20

(PBPC 20) panel with respect to the control group.

Two ATCC samples A and B of S. agalactiae gr. Bwere grouped

(Gr.). ATCC A sample was revived and divided into two parts Gr.I

(control) and Gr.II (revived); likewise, ATCC B was labeled as Gr.III

Bioeld treatment strategy

e Gr. I remained as untreated. e treatment Gr. II and III

in sealed pack were handed over to Mr. Trivedi for bioeld energy

treatment under laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the

treatment through his energy transmission process which includes

bioenergy emission to the treated groups (Gr. II and Gr. III) without

touching the samples. Aer treatment, sample was handed over in the

same condition and stored at standard conditions as per the standard

experimental protocol. An optimum precautionary measure were taken

while evaluating the study parameters throughout the experiments.

e dierences in parameters before and aer the treatment were

noted and compared. Gr.II was assessed at two time point i.e. on day

5 and day 10, while Gr. III was assessed on day 10 for antimicrobial

susceptibility, MIC, biochemical reactions pattern, and biotyping.

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of S. agalactiae gr. B

was carried out with the help of automated instrument, MicroScan

Walk-Away® system using PBPC 20 panel as per the clinical and

laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. e test was carried

out on MicroScan, which was miniaturized of the broth dilution

susceptibility test that has been dehydrated. Briey, the standardized

suspension of S. agalactiae gr. Bwas inoculated, rehydrated, and then

subjected to incubation for 16 hours at 35°C. e detailed experimental

procedures and conditions were followed as per the manufacturer's

instructions. e antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and MIC were

determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration

showing growth inhibition [22].

Biochemical reaction studies

Biochemical reactions of S. agalactiae gr. Bwere determined using

MicroScan Walk-Away®, system with PBPC 20 panel [22]. Biochemicals

used in the study were arabinose, arginine, bacillosamine, bile

esculin, β-lactamases, crystal violet, hemolysin, indoxyl phosphatase,

inulin, acidication lactose, mannitol, mannose, micrococcus screen,

sodium chloride, nitrate, novobiocin, optochin, p-nitro phenyl β-D-

glucuronide, p -nitro phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside, phosphatase,

pyruvate, pyrolidonyl arylamidase, ranose, rambose, sorbitol,

thymidine free growth, acidication trehalose, urea, and Voges-

Identication of organism by biotype number

e biotype number of S. agalactiae gr. Bwas determined on

MicroScan Walk-Away® processed panel data report with the help of

biochemical reactions data [22].

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

e outcomes of MIC values of tested antimicrobials against S.

agalactiae gr. B aer bioeld treatment are summarized in Table 1. e

data were analyzed using automated system and compared with respect

to the control. In this experiment, twelve antibiotics were used to

investigate the susceptibility pattern on GBS viz. ampicillin, cefepime,

cefotaxime, ceriaxone, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, levooxacin,

linezolid, ooxacin, penicillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Out

of these, ve antibiotics showed susceptible in the control sample. It

has been evidenced from literatures that penicillin and its derivatives

are the choice of drugs against gr. B streptococcal infection [8,9].

However, bioeld treatment did not show any alteration with respect

to susceptibility pattern in all the treated groups aer bioeld treatment

(data not shown). Besides sensitivity assay, the MIC values of tested

antimicrobials were signicantly (70.37%) altered out of twenty seven

as compared to the control. e MIC value of noroxacin was reduced

by two-fold to ≤ 4 µg/mL aer bioeld treatment in Gr. II on day 10

as compared to the control (8 µg/mL). e MIC values of cefazolin,

cephalothin, and chloramphenicol were changed from ≤ 8 to >16 µg/

mL in Gr. II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. e MIC values

of rifampin and synercid were changed from ≤ 1 to >2 µg/mL in Gr. II

on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. Alteration of MIC values of

cefotaxime and ceriaxone were changed from ≤8 to 32 µg/mL in Gr.

II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. Moreover, MIC values

of amoxicillin/k-clavulanate and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

were slightly changed from ≤4/2 to >4/2 µg/mL (on day 5 and 10) and

≤2/38 to >2/38 µg/mL (on day 5) respectively in Gr. II aer bioeld

treatment as compared to the control. Antimicrobial linezolid showed

an alteration of MIC value in Gr. II on day 5 (>4 µg/mL) and on day

10 (4 µg/mL) as compared to the control. Besides this, alteration of

MIC values were observed in case of penicillin (≤ 0.03 to >8 µg/mL),

vancomycin (≤ 0.2 to >16 µg/mL), nitrofurantoin (≤ 32 to >64 µg/mL),

clindamycin (≤ 0.5 to >2 µg/mL), ampicillin (≤ 0.25 to >8 µg/mL) and

ampicillin/sulbactam (≤ 8/4 to >16/8 µg/mL) in Gr. II on day 5 and 10

as compared to the control. e MIC value of tetracycline was changed

from ≤ 4 to 8 µg/mL in Gr. II on day 10 and MIC value of oxacillin

was changed from ≤ 0.25 to >2 µg/mL (on day 5) and 2 µg/mL on day

10 in Gr. II as compared to control. Antimicrobials did not show any

change in MIC value in Gr. III as compared to the control aer bioeld

treatment. Seventeen out of twenty seven (62.96%) antimicrobials

showed alteration of MIC value in Gr. II on day 5 and 66.67% (eighteen

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Effect of Bioeld Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A

Postpartum Pathogen. J Microb Biochem Technol 7: 269-273. doi:10.4172/1948-5948.1000223

Volume 7(5): 269-273 (2015) - 271

ISSN: 1948-5948 JMBT, an open access journal

such as ranose (RAF) and sorbitol (SOR) showed an alteration of

biochemical reaction i.e. negative (-) to positive (+) in Gr. II on day 5

while remained negative in Gr. II on day 10 and in Gr. III as compared

e one of the key characteristic feature for GBS is complete

lysis of red blood cells and metabolization of sugars by fermentation

process. Hence, in control sample the positive reaction of hemolysin

(HEM) indicated β-hemolysis of erythrocytes and positive reaction of

acidifying lactose (LAC) indicated the production of lactic acid as bi-

product. e data was supported with literature [23]. Similarly, based

on existing literature pyrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) has negative

reaction in group B streptococcal species while positive reaction in

group A streptococcal. Control data of PYR was well supported with

literature data [24]. However, aer bioeld treatment the negative

reaction was altered in Gr. II, assessed on day 5 as well as day 10 due to

change of enzymatic reaction.

Overall, 48.28% biochemical reactions were altered in tested

twenty-nine biochemicals with respect to the control aer bioeld

treatment. In both time points of Gr. II (day 5 and 10) 41.38% (twelve

out of twenty-nine) biochemical reactions were altered as compared

to the control. About 51.72% out of twenty-nine biochemicals, such as

arabinose (ARA), bacillosamine (BAC), β-lactamase (BL), hemolysin

(HEM), indoxyl phosphatase (IDX), inulin (INU), acidication lactose

(LAC), mannose (MNS), micrococcus screen (MS), optochin (OPT),

glycosidase (PGT), phosphatase (PHO), thymidine free growth (TFG),

acidication trehalose (TRE), and Voges-Proskauer (VP) did not

out of twenty seven) on day 10 as compared to the control aer bioeld

treatment. Eight, out of twenty seven tested antimicrobials (29.63%)

viz. cefepime, ciprooxacin, gatioxacin, imipenem, levooxacin,

moxioxacin, ooxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam did not show any

alteration of MIC values in all the treated cells of GBS as compared to

Biochemical reactions studies

Study of biochemical reactions can be utilized to identify

the enzymatic and metabolic characteristic features of microbes.

Microorganisms can be categorically dierentiated based on their

utilization of specic biochemicals as nutrients during the process of

metabolism or enzymatic reactions. e specic biochemical showed

some changes against S. agalactiae gr. Baer bioeld treatment that

are shown in Table 2. Biochemicals such as bile esculin (BE), crystal

violet (CV), mannitol (MAN), sodium chloride (NaCl), nitrate (NIT),

novobiocin (NOV), pyrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) and urea (URE)

were changed from negative (-) to positive (+) reactions in revived

treated group (Gr. II) on day 5 and 10, but remained same i.e. negative

(-) reaction in lyophilized treated cells (Gr. III) with respective to

control. Arginine (ARG) and glycosidase (PGR) were converted

from positive (+) to negative (-) reactions in Gr. II on day 10, while

remained unchanged i.e. positive (+) on day 5 in Gr. II and in Gr. III as

compared to the control in bioeld treated S. agalactiae gr. B. Similarly,

pyruvate (PRV), and rambose (RBS) were converted from positive (+)

to negative (-) reactions on both days in Gr. II, while did not show any

change in Gr. III as compared with the control. Moreover, biochemicals

S. No.AntimicrobialType of Response

10. Ciprooxacin≤1 ≤1 ≤1 ≤1

12. Gatioxacin≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2

14. Levooxacin≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2

16. Moxioxacin≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2

22. Piperacillin/tazobactam≤4 ≤4 ≤4 ≤4

MIC values are presented in µg/mL; Gr.: Group

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Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen - PdfSR.com

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Streptococcus agalactiae group B (S. agalactiae gr. B) is widespread in nature mainly causes bacterial septicemia and neonatal meningitis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae gr.

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	Biofield Treatment on Streptococcus group B – Study more
	

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Study more about the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae gr.

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	Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B
	

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	Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B
	

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Read research of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi on the Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen.

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	 Study Publications on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen
	

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	 Study Publications on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen
	

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Study Mahendra Kumar Trivedi research, to understand the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity and biochemical reactions.

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Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen

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Streptococcus agalactiae group B (S. agalactiae gr. B) is widespread in nature mainly causes bacterial septicemia and neonatal meningitis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with

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	Streptococcus group B after Biofield Energy Treatment
	

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	Streptococcus group B after Biofield Energy Treatment
	

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The aim of present study was investigate the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae gr.

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	Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology
	

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	Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology
	

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The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae gr.

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¹ Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

² Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Madhya Pradesh, India

*Corresponding Author:

Snehasis Jana
Trivedi Global Inc.
10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Tel: +91-755-6660006
E-mail: [email protected]

Received Date: August 12, 2015; Accepted Date: September 01, 2015; Published Date: September 08, 2015

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen. J Microb Biochem Technol 7:269-273. doi:10.4172/1948-5948.1000223

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Visit for more related articles at Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology

Abstract

Streptococcus agalactiae group B (S. agalactiae gr. B) is widespread in nature mainly causes bacterial septicemia and neonatal meningitis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae gr. B strain was used in this experiment bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 12386) number and stored according to the recommended storage protocol. The revived and lyophilized state of ATCC strains of S. agalactiae gr. B were selected for the study. Gr. I was considered as control. Both revived (Group; Gr. II) and lyophilized (Gr. III) strains of S. agalactiae gr. B were subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment. Gr. II was assessed on day 5 and day 10 while Gr. III on day 10 with respect to the control (Gr. I) using MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Although biofield treatment did not show any change with respect to susceptibility pattern. However the minimum inhibitory concentration of S. agalactiae gr. B showed significant (70.37%) alteration, out of twenty-seven tested antimicrobials, among which in Gr. II i.e. 62.96% on day 5 and 66.67% on day 10 while no alteration was found in lyophilized group (Gr. III) as compared to the control. Moreover, the improvement of MIC value of norfloxacin was observed by two-fold (8 to ≤4 μg/mL) in Gr. II on day 10 after biofield energy treatment as compared to the control. It was observed that overall 48.28% biochemical reactions, out of twenty-nine were altered in Gr. II with respect to the control. Moreover, biotype numbers were changed in Gr. II on day 5 (777777615) and on day 10 (757677405) as compared to the control (237147047). The results suggest that biofield treatment has significant impact on S. agalactiae gr. B in revived treated cells (Gr. II) with respect to MIC values, biochemical reactions pattern and biotype number.

Keywords

Streptococcus agalactiae group B; Biofield treatment; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Biochemical reaction; Biotype

Abbreviations

CLSI: Clinical and laboratory standards institute; GBS: Group B Streptococci; CAMP: Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen; CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; ACOG: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; AAP: American Academy of Pediatrics; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; PBPC 20: Positive Breakpoint Combo 20

Introduction

Group B Streptococci (GBS), or Streptococcus agalactiae group B, are Gram-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, β-hemolytic and chain-forming cocci bacteria. It is mainly inhabitant in human gut flora and female urogenital tract [ 1]. Pregnant women [ 2] and neonates [ 3] are the main victim host of this organism. It can be transferred to neonates through the birth canal and causes bacterial septicaemia and neonatal meningitis [ 4]. Most of GBS, produce Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen (CAMP) factor or protein B an extracellular cytolytic protein and β-lysin from Staphyllococcus species are jointly lysed the erythrocytes [ 5]. It is estimated that in US over 70,000 cases of GBS diseases were prevented [ 6]. Several antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins (all three generations), macrolides, clindamycin and vancomycin (as alternative) have been used to treat against GBS infections. Among above mentioned antibiotics penicillin is the drug of choice next to cefazolin. However, it also have certain limitations such as high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), a factor associated with high level of bacteremia and more concentration of microbes in tissue, especially in cerebrospinal fluid [ 7, 8]. Therefore, some alternative treatment strategies are needed to overcome these lacunas against β-hemolytic strain of gr. B Streptococci. Biofield treatment has been known as an alternative approach that may be useful for S. agalactiae group B infected patients.

Researchers have shown that short-lived electrical events or action potential exist in the several type of mammalian cells such as neurons, muscles, and endocrine cells [ 9]. For instance, when the cells present in central nervous system of human body communicate with each another by means of electrical signals that propagate along the nerve impulses. Therefore, it was hypothesized that biofield exists around the human body and evidence was found using electromyography, electrocardiography and electroencephalogram [ 10]. Thus, the human body emits the electromagnetic waves in the form of bio-photons, which surrounds the body and it is commonly known as biofield. Therefore, the biofield consists of electromagnetic field, being generated by moving electrically charged particles (ions, cell, molecule etc.) inside the human body. Rivera-Ruiz reported that electrocardiography has been extensively used to measure the biofield of human body [ 11]. Thus, human has the ability to harness the energy from environment or Universe and can transmit into any living or nonliving object(s) around the Globe. The objects always receive the energy and responding into useful way that is called biofield energy and the process is known as biofield treatment that is also called as Trivedi effect ®. Mr. Trivedi's unique biofield treatment has been known to transform the structural, physical, and thermal properties of several metals in material science [ 12- 14], improved the overall productivity of crops [ 15, 16], altered characteristics features of microbes [ 17- 19] and improved growth and anatomical characteristics of various medicinal plants [ 20, 21].

Due to the clinical significance of this organism and literature reports on biofield treatment, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae group B in relation to antimicrobials susceptibility and bio typing based on various biochemical characters.

Materials and Methods

S. agalactiae group B, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 12386) strains were procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA, in two sets A and B. Two different sealed packs were stored with proper storage conditions until further use. All the tested antimicrobials and biochemicals were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, MA, USA. The antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions and biotype number were estimated with the help of MicroScan Walk-Away ® (Dade Behring Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) using Positive Breakpoint Combo 20 (PBPC 20) panel with respect to the control group.
Experimental design
Two ATCC samples A and B of S. agalactiae gr. B were grouped (Gr.). ATCC A sample was revived and divided into two parts Gr.I (control) and Gr.II (revived); likewise, ATCC B was labeled as Gr.III (lyophilized).
Biofield treatment strategy
The Gr. I remained as untreated. The treatment Gr. II and III in sealed pack were handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield energy treatment under laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission process which includes bioenergy emission to the treated groups (Gr. II and Gr. III) without touching the samples. After treatment, sample was handed over in the same condition and stored at standard conditions as per the standard experimental protocol. An optimum precautionary measure were taken while evaluating the study parameters throughout the experiments. The differences in parameters before and after the treatment were noted and compared. Gr.II was assessed at two time point i.e. on day 5 and day 10, while Gr. III was assessed on day 10 for antimicrobial susceptibility, MIC, biochemical reactions pattern, and biotyping.
Antimicrobial susceptibility test
Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of S. agalactiae gr. B was carried out with the help of automated instrument, MicroScan Walk-Away ® system using PBPC 20 panel as per the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. The test was carried out on MicroScan, which was miniaturized of the broth dilution susceptibility test that has been dehydrated. Briefly, the standardized suspension of S. agalactiae gr. B was inoculated, rehydrated, and then subjected to incubation for 16 hours at 35°C. The detailed experimental procedures and conditions were followed as per the manufacturer's instructions. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and MIC were determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration showing growth inhibition [22].
Biochemical reaction studies
Biochemical reactions of S. agalactiae gr. B were determined using MicroScan Walk-Away ®, system with PBPC 20 panel [ 22]. Biochemicals used in the study were arabinose, arginine, bacillosamine, bile esculin, β-lactamases, crystal violet, hemolysin, indoxyl phosphatase, inulin, acidification lactose, mannitol, mannose, micrococcus screen, sodium chloride, nitrate, novobiocin, optochin, p-nitro phenyl β-Dglucuronide, p-nitro phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside, phosphatase, pyruvate, pyrolidonyl arylamidase, raffinose, rambose, sorbitol, thymidine free growth, acidification trehalose, urea, and Voges- Proskauer.
Identification of organism by biotype number
The biotype number of S. agalactiae gr. B was determined on MicroScan Walk-Away ® processed panel data report with the help of biochemical reactions data [ 22].

Results and Discussion
Antimicrobial susceptibility test
The outcomes of MIC values of tested antimicrobials against S. agalactiae gr. B after biofield treatment are summarized in Table 1. The data were analyzed using automated system and compared with respect to the control. In this experiment, twelve antibiotics were used to investigate the susceptibility pattern on GBS viz. ampicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, levofloxacin, linezolid, ofloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Out of these, five antibiotics showed susceptible in the control sample. It has been evidenced from literatures that penicillin and its derivatives are the choice of drugs against gr. B streptococcal infection [8,9]. However, biofield treatment did not show any alteration with respect to susceptibility pattern in all the treated groups after biofield treatment (data not shown). Besides sensitivity assay, the MIC values of tested antimicrobials were significantly (70.37%) altered out of twenty seven as compared to the control. The MIC value of norfloxacin was reduced by two-fold to ≤ 4 μg/mL after biofield treatment in Gr. II on day 10 as compared to the control (8 μg/mL). The MIC values of cefazolin, cephalothin, and chloramphenicol were changed from ≤ 8 to >16 μg/ mL in Gr. II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. The MIC values of rifampin and synercid were changed from ≤ 1 to >2 μg/mL in Gr. II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. Alteration of MIC values of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were changed from ≤8 to 32 μg/mL in Gr. II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. Moreover, MIC values of amoxicillin/k-clavulanate and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were slightly changed from ≤4/2 to >4/2 μg/mL (on day 5 and 10) and ≤2/38 to >2/38 μg/mL (on day 5) respectively in Gr. II after biofield treatment as compared to the control. Antimicrobial linezolid showed an alteration of MIC value in Gr. II on day 5 (>4 μg/mL) and on day 10 (4 μg/mL) as compared to the control. Besides this, alteration of MIC values were observed in case of penicillin (≤ 0.03 to >8 μg/mL), vancomycin (≤ 0.2 to >16 μg/mL), nitrofurantoin (≤ 32 to >64 μg/mL), clindamycin (≤ 0.5 to >2 μg/mL), ampicillin (≤ 0.25 to >8 μg/mL) and ampicillin/sulbactam (≤ 8/4 to >16/8 μg/mL) in Gr. II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. The MIC value of tetracycline was changed from ≤ 4 to 8 μg/mL in Gr. II on day 10 and MIC value of oxacillin was changed from ≤ 0.25 to >2 μg/mL (on day 5) and 2 μg/mL on day 10 in Gr. II as compared to control. Antimicrobials did not show any change in MIC value in Gr. III as compared to the control after biofield treatment. Seventeen out of twenty seven (62.96%) antimicrobials showed alteration of MIC value in Gr. II on day 5 and 66.67% (eighteen out of twenty seven) on day 10 as compared to the control after biofield treatment. Eight, out of twenty seven tested antimicrobials (29.63%) viz. cefepime, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, imipenem, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam did not show any alteration of MIC values in all the treated cells of GBS as compared to the control ( Table 1).

MIC values are presented in μg/mL; Gr.: Group

Table 1: Effect of biofield treatment on Streptococcus agalactiae group B to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested antimicrobials.
Biochemical reactions studies
Study of biochemical reactions can be utilized to identify the enzymatic and metabolic characteristic features of microbes. Microorganisms can be categorically differentiated based on their utilization of specific biochemicals as nutrients during the process of metabolism or enzymatic reactions. The specific biochemical showed some changes against S. agalactiae gr. B after biofield treatment that are shown in Table 2. Biochemicals such as bile esculin (BE), crystal violet (CV), mannitol (MAN), sodium chloride (NaCl), nitrate (NIT), novobiocin (NOV), pyrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) and urea (URE) were changed from negative (-) to positive (+) reactions in revived treated group (Gr. II) on day 5 and 10, but remained same i.e. negative (-) reaction in lyophilized treated cells (Gr. III) with respective to control. Arginine (ARG) and glycosidase (PGR) were converted from positive (+) to negative (-) reactions in Gr. II on day 10, while remained unchanged i.e. positive (+) on day 5 in Gr. II and in Gr. III as compared to the control in biofield treated S. agalactiae gr. B. Similarly, pyruvate (PRV), and rambose (RBS) were converted from positive (+) to negative (-) reactions on both days in Gr. II, while did not show any change in Gr. III as compared with the control. Moreover, biochemicals such as raffinose (RAF) and sorbitol (SOR) showed an alteration of biochemical reaction i.e. negative (-) to positive (+) in Gr. II on day 5 while remained negative in Gr. II on day 10 and in Gr. III as compared to the control.

'-' (negative); '+' (positive); Gr.: Group; NR: Not reported; *PGR: p-nitro phenyl β-D- glucuronide; #PGT: p-nitro phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside.

Table 2: Effect of biofield treatment on Streptococcus agalactiae group B to the biochemical reaction pattern.

The one of the key characteristic feature for GBS is complete lysis of red blood cells and metabolization of sugars by fermentation process. Hence, in control sample the positive reaction of hemolysin (HEM) indicated β-hemolysis of erythrocytes and positive reaction of acidifying lactose (LAC) indicated the production of lactic acid as biproduct. The data was supported with literature [ 23]. Similarly, based on existing literature pyrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) has negative reaction in group B streptococcal species while positive reaction in group A streptococcal. Control data of PYR was well supported with literature data [ 24]. However, after biofield treatment the negative reaction was altered in Gr. II, assessed on day 5 as well as day 10 due to change of enzymatic reaction.

Overall, 48.28% biochemical reactions were altered in tested twenty-nine biochemicals with respect to the control after biofield treatment. In both time points of Gr. II (day 5 and 10) 41.38% (twelve out of twenty-nine) biochemical reactions were altered as compared to the control. About 51.72% out of twenty-nine biochemicals, such as arabinose (ARA), bacillosamine (BAC), β-lactamase (BL), hemolysin (HEM), indoxyl phosphatase (IDX), inulin (INU), acidification lactose (LAC), mannose (MNS), micrococcus screen (MS), optochin (OPT), glycosidase (PGT), phosphatase (PHO), thymidine free growth (TFG), acidification trehalose (TRE), and Voges-Proskauer (VP) did not show any change in all the treated groups after biofield treatment as compared to the control.
Identification of organism by biotype number
The species ( S. agalactiae gr. B) was identified based on variety of conventional biochemical characters and biotyping. Biotype number of particular organism was evaluated after interpreting the results of the biochemical reactions. The biotype number then led to the particular organism identification. In this experiment, biotyping was performed using automated systems. Results showed changes of biotype numbers in the biofield treated Gr. II (on day 5 and 10) and Gr. III (on day 10) without alteration of organism. Based on the biochemical data, biotype number was changed in treated Gr. II on day 5 (777777615, S. agalactiae group B) and on day 10 (757677405, S. agalactiae group B) with respect to the control (237147047) i.e. S. agalactiae group B ( Table 3). Biotyping, covers the overall cellular pattern of enzymatic activities of any organism. GBS can be characterized based on analysis of biochemical properties with CAMP, Na-hippurate positive and esculin negative as key characters [ 25]. In this experiment, bile esculin also showed negative (-) reaction in control sample, that directly correlated with literature. This negative reaction of esculin was altered after biofield treatment in revived treated cells of GBS. It was indicated that biofield treatment has the ability to alter the biochemical pattern which may be due to change the enzymatic reaction. So, it is assumed that these changes of biotype number without alteration in organism may be due to change of metabolic and/or enzymatic reactions of GBS.

Table 3: Effect of biofield treatment on biotype number of Streptococcus agalactiae group B.

Biofield treatment may responsible for alteration in microorganism at genetic and/or enzymatic level, which probably act on receptor protein. While altering receptor protein, ligand-receptor/protein interactions may alter that could lead to different phenotypic characteristics [ 26]. Biofield treatment might induce a significant changes in revived strain of GBS and altered the MIC values, biochemical reactions, and ultimately change the biotype number of microorganism.

Conclusion

Altogether, the biofield treatment has significantly altered 70.37%, (out of twenty-seven) the MIC values of tested antimicrobials against the strain of S. agalactiae gr. B. Norfloxacin was improved the MIC value by two-fold (8 to ≤4 μg/mL) in Gr. II on day 10 after biofield energy treatment as compared to the control. Additionally, it also significantly (48.28%) altered the biochemical reactions pattern of biofield energy treated strain of S. agalactiae gr. B. On the basis of utilization of group B streptococcal specific biochemicals, change in metabolic reactions led to variation of biotype number in all the treated groups without change of organism after biofield treatment with respect to the control. Based on above findings, it is assumed that Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment is an alternative approach to alter the antibiogram profile of S. agalactiae gr. B.

Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledged to Trivedi science, Trivedi testimonials and Trivedi master wellness and the whole team of PD Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Microbiology Lab for their support.

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Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen

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1 Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA 2 Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Madhya Pradesh, India *Corresponding Author: Snehasis Jana Trivedi Global Inc.