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Carbohydrates are organic structures that contain C, O and H

Monosaccharides = 1 unit (example shown in image above)
Examples include glucose, fructose and galactose
Disaccharides = 2 units / 2 monosaccharides bound together
Examples include maltose, sucrose and lactose
Polysaccharides = 2+ units bound together
Examples include glycogen, starch and fibre

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The primary role of dietary carbohydrates is the provision of energy to cells, particularly the brain that requires glucose for metabolism.

They store energy in the form of glycogen, build macromolecules, and spare protein and fat for other uses.

The presence of adequate glucose in the body spares the breakdown of proteins from being used to make glucose needed by the body.

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- When resting, people get about 10% of their
energy as protein, 40% from fat, and 50%
from carbohydrates. In moderate intensity
activity, the energy source is 50% fat and 50%
carbohydrate.

- Used in the Krebs Cycle for cells to produce energy.

-Sugar (glucose) molecules
- Regulated in the body
- Most basic form of energy used by the body
-Important aspects of living activity and are mainly involved in the oxidation of fats, breakdown of body protein and other human metabolic processes.

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The energy of foods consumed is measured as kilojoules (kJ) in Australia. There is approx. 16.7 kJ in every gram. Compared to fats which contain 37.7 kJ per gram, carbohydrates are less energy-dense/the least concentrated. Glucose from carbohydrates goes through the Kreb’s Cycle where energy is processed and used for movement and bodily processes.

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The Dietary Guidelines for Adults recommends that carbohydrates make up 45 to 65 percent of your total daily calories. So, if you get 2,000 calories a day, between 900 and 1,300 calories should be from carbohydrates. That translates to between 225 and 325 grams of carbohydrates a day.