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1. Overall Summary of the Battle at Guilford Court House

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1. Overall Summary of the Battle at Guilford Court House

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The Battle of Guilford Courthouse occurred on March 15, 1781. It was a battle against Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis’s 1,900 British soldiers, and Major General Nathanael Greene’s 4,400 to 4,500 Continental troops and militia.The battle lasted for almost 2 hours when Major General Greene ordered his troops to retreat giving the British a tactical victory. However, more than 25 percent of Cornwallis’s men were either killed, wounded, or captured during the battle.

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Map of the Battle of Guilford Courthouse

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Map of the Battle of Guilford Courthouse

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~ Major General Nathanael Greene (led the Continental army under General George Washington's orders)
~ Daniel Morgan
~ General John Butler
~ General Thomas Eaton
~ General Edward Stevens
~ General Robert Lawson

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Major General Nathanael Greene

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~ Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis
~ Banastre Tarleton

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Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis

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4. Effectiveness of American leadership in the battle

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4. Effectiveness of American leadership in the battle

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~Major General Greene was a very effective leader in this battle for he retreated because he knew he needed to keep most of his army intact giving him the advantage.
~Major General Greene also knew more about the land in North Carolina than the British General, Charles Cornwallis.
~ Before the battle, however, Greene's army had led Cornwallis's deep into the wilderness of North Carolina causing a strain on the British supply lines.

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5. Effectiveness of British leadership in the battle

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5. Effectiveness of British leadership in the battle

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~ Even though Cornwallis won, he won off of a tactical victory.
~Cornwallis also suffered a huge loss to his army that could have been avoided thus, the win was more costly than losing.
~ Cornwallis also did not know the "layout" of the land thus, giving his army a disadvantage.

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6. Effectiveness of the American use of resources

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6. Effectiveness of the American use of resources

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The Americans were prepared with their surplus troops. Their land was set up and ready by time the British got there. They had all their weapons/ fire arms ready with plentiful ammunition.

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7. Effectiveness of the British use of resources

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7. Effectiveness of the British use of resources

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~Britain was not very effective with the use of their resources seeing as they did not know the land so they in turn, lost a lot of useful supplies.
~ Cornwallis had also ordered at one point (on the way to the battlefield), that all heavy baggage be burned and destroyed to gain momentum.
~ Cornwallis also lost a lot of good army men to the "insignificant" Battle of Guilford Courthouse

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8. Effectiveness of the American strategy in the battle 

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8. Effectiveness of the American strategy in the battle 

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~ Major General Greene adopted a tactic which was used by Daniel Morgan at the Battle of Cowpens
~ Greene's men were positioned into three lines approximately 300-400 yards apart (900-1,200 feet).
~ Greene positioned his men with a concept known as "defense in depth" so as to exhaust Cornwallis's advance and inflict as many casualties as possible in hopes of delivering a great blow at the third line.
~ General Greene despite having more troops, lost the majority of his to General Cornwallis

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9. Effectiveness of the British strategy in the battle 

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9. Effectiveness of the British strategy in the battle 

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~ At 1:30 p.m. Cornwallis launched his attack up the west side of the road after an initial artillery barrage. As his troops got within 150 yards of the fence line the Americans opened with a volley, with the British pressing on, returning fire only when they got within range of their guns.
~Cornwallis had successfully pushed through 2 of the 3 lines in General Greene's army but had lost a significant amount of troops by the time he reached the 3rd line
~ Cornwallis used the tactic of surrounding the whole front side of the southern lines
~ Greene retreated giving Cornwallis the victory

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A battlefield loss but a strategic victory for the Americans in North Carolina over the British. Who soon afterwards the battle was required to abandon control of the Carolinas.

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~ “Battle of Guilford Courthouse.” Edited by History.com, HISTORY, A&E.          Television Networks, 2 Dec. 2009, www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/battle-of-guilford-courthouse.
~“Battle of Guilford Courthouse.” George Washington's Mount Vernon, www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/battle-of-guilford-courthouse/.
~ “Battle of Guilford Court House Facts & Summary.” American Battlefield Trust,14 Jan. 2020, www.battlefields.org/learn/revolutionary-war/battles/guilford-court-house.
~ “Charles Cornwallis.” American Battlefield Trust, 2020, battlefields.org/learn/biographies/charles-cornwallis.
~ “Nathanael Greene.” American Battlefield Trust, 2020, www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/nathanael-greene.