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In groups of not more than 3 persons, demonstrate FIVE simple activities that you can carry out to help the children''s fine motor skills development.

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Fine motor skills refer to the coordination between small muscles, like those of the hands and fingers, with the eyes. Fine motor skills involve the small muscles of the body that enable such functions as writing, grasping small objects and fastening clothing. They involve strength, fine motor control, and dexterity.

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FIVE simple activities that you can carry out to help the children''s fine motor skills development.

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FIVE simple activities that you can carry out to help the children''s fine motor skills development.

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1) Clothespins on a Box

Children squeeze the clothespins and clip them to the sides of the box. To make the activity more interesting, I wrote letters on dot stickers and placed the dot stickers around the sides of the boxes. I wrote letters on the clothespins so the children would match the letters on the clothespins to the letters on the boxes. Other skills could be used, e.g. colors, numbers, beginning sounds. This is similar to activities where children clip clothespins to a paper plate or cardstock circle; however, in my experience, those were flimsy and awkward to use, which is why I like the box better. Any sturdy box could be used (shoe box, postal box). The boxes in this picture were stacking gift boxes that held chocolate covered nuts (a Christmas gift), and they worked out perfectly.

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2) Stringing Cut Straws

Cut plastic drinking straws into small pieces, about 1-inch. (Cutting the straws is another great fine motor activity for kids.) Tie yarn to a plastic needle, or use plastic laces, and knot the end. Children string the straws onto the yarn or lace. For teachers or parents who supervise this activity, they can include multi-coloured straws to make it more interesting. Children also can learn to differentiate colours and this will help their eyes coordination.

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3) Plate Sewing

Tie lengths of yarn to plastic yarn needles, and knot the end. Children “sew” the yarn on a styrofoam plate by pushing the needle in and out through the plate.

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4)Seeds and Tweezers

Children pick up different types of seeds with tweezers and sort them by type into the cups.

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DISCUSS THE POTENTIAL COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT DURING THE INFANT AND EARLY CHILDHOOD STAGES. SUPPORT YOUR IDEAS WITH SUITABLE PICTURES.

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Concepts on Children Cognitive Development

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Concepts on Children Cognitive Development

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Cognitive development can be meant as internal and reasoning processes that happened along with the development of socio-emotional, physical and language proficiency. In the other word, it also can be seen as changes in an individual’s action and communication. Cognitive development focuses on how did the children study and process information such as expanding and constructing new knowledge.

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Cognitive development (from birth to 3 months years old)

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Cognitive development (from birth to 3 months years old)

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At this age, most of the developmental milestones at this age are centered on exploring basic sense. During this period, most infants begins to :

1. Demonstrate anticipatory behaviors, like rooting and sucking at the site of a nipple or bottle

2. Detect sound differences in pitch and volume

3. Discern objects more clearly within a distance of 13 inches

4. Focus on moving objects, including the faces of caregivers

5. See all colors of the human visual spectrum

6. Tell between tastes, from sweet, salty, bitter, and sour

7. Use facial expressions to respond to their environment

8. Begin to show emotion such as fussy or bored.

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Cognitive development (from 3 months old to 6 months old)

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Cognitive development (from 3 months old to 6 months old)

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In early infancy, perceptual abilities are still developing. From the age of 3–6 months, infants begin to develop a stronger sense of perception. At this age, most babies begin to:

1. Imitate facial expressions

2. React to familiar sounds

3. Recognize familiar faces

4. Respond to the facial expressions of other people

5. Looks around at things nearby

6. Brings things to mouth

7. Shows curiosity about things and tries to get things that are out of reach

8. Begins to pass things from one hand to the other

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Cognitive development ( From 6 months old to 9 months old )

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Cognitive development ( From 6 months old to 9 months old )

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Looking inside the mind of an infant is no easy task. After all, researchers cannot just ask a baby what he or she is thinking at any given moment. To learn more about the mental processes of infants, researchers have come up with a number of creative tasks that reveal the inner workings of the baby brain.

From the age of 6–9 months, researchers have found that most infants begin to:

1. Gaze longer at "impossible" things such as an object suspended in midair

2. Tell the differences between pictures depicting different numbers of objects

3. Understand the differences between animate and inanimate objects

4. Utilize the relative size of an object to determine how far away it is

5. Sits without support

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Cognitive development ( From 9 months old to 12 months old )

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Cognitive development ( From 9 months old to 12 months old )

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As infants become more physically adept, they are able to explore the world around them in greater depth. Sitting up, crawling, and walking is just a few of the physical milestones that allow babies to gain a greater mental understanding of the world around them.

As they approach 1 year of age, most infants are able to:

1. Enjoy looking at picture books

2. Imitate gestures and some basic actions

3. Manipulate objects by turning them over, trying to put one object into another, etc.

4. Respond with gestures and sounds

5. Understand the concept of object permanence , the idea that an object continues to exist even though it cannot be seen

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Cognitive development ( 1 year old to 2 years old )

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Cognitive development ( 1 year old to 2 years old )

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After reaching a year of age, children's physical, social, and cognitive development seems to grow by leaps and bounds. Children at this age spend a tremendous amount of time observing the actions of adults, so it is important for parents and caregivers to set good examples of behavior.

Most one-year-old begin to:

1. Identify objects that are similar

2. Imitate the actions and language of adults

3. Learn through exploration

4. Point out familiar objects and people in picture books

5. Tell the difference between "Me" and "You"

6. Understand and respond to words

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Cognitive development ( From 2 to 3 Years Old)

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Cognitive development ( From 2 to 3 Years Old)

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At 2 years of age, children are becoming more independent than before.Since they are now able to better explore the world, a great deal of learning during this stage is the result of their own experiences. Most 2 years old are able to:

1.  Identify their own reflection in the mirror by name
2.Imitate more complex adult actions such as playing house and  pretending to do laundry.

3.Match objects with their uses

4.Name objects in a picture book

5.Respond to simple directions from parents and caregivers

6.Sort objects by category such as animals, flowers, and vehicles

7.Stack rings on a peg from largest to smallest

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Cognitive development ( From 3 to 4 Years Old)

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Cognitive development ( From 3 to 4 Years Old)

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Children become increasingly capable of analyzing the world around them in more complex ways. As they observe things, they begin to sort and categorize them into different categories, often referred to as schemas. Since children are becoming much more active in the learning process, they also begin to pose questions about the world around them. "Why?" becomes a very common question around this age.

At the age of three, most kids are able to:

1.Ask "why" questions to gain information as they become curious about everything
2.Demonstrate awareness of the past and present
3.Learn by observing and listening to instructions
4.Maintain a longer attention span of around 5 to 15 minutes
5.Organize objects by size and shape
6.Seek answers to questions
7.Understand how to group and match object according to color such as classing their toys with different colors in different boxes.

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5 )Sewing/Lacing Cards

These can be purchased or made with poster board and a hole puncher. Use shoe laces or plastic lacing. Tie one end of the lace to one hole of the card. Children lace the string through each hole. These can be made to match different themes or holidays.

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Cognitive development ( From 4 to 5 Years Old)

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Cognitive development ( From 4 to 5 Years Old)

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As they near school age, children become better at using words, imitating adult actions, counting, and other basic activities that are important for school preparedness. Most 4-years-old are able to:

1.Create pictures that they often name and describe such as animals
2.Count to five
3.Draw the shape of a person such as the cartoon drawing
4.Name and identify many colors
5.Rhyme
6.Tell where they live