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epicenter

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focus

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elastic rebound

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A fault line is the surface trace of a fault, the line of intersection between the fault plane and the Earth's surface. Since faults do not usually consist of a single, clean fracture, geologists use the term fault zone when referring to the zone of complex deformation associated with the fault plane

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fault line

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each year cali has roughly 10,000 earthquakes each year.

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Almost 80% of all the planet's earthquakes occur along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, called the "Ring of Fire"; a region that encircles the Pacific Ocean and is home to 452 volcanoes (over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes).

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the largest earthquake recorded since 1900

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the largest earthquake recorded since 1900

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chile

may 22, 1960

the magnitude is 9.5

the earthquake is responsible for 5,700 deaths

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earthquake damage

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earthquake

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two plates colliding.

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After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs. During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again.

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The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus (on top of the ground) is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

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earthquake

any seismic vibration of Earth caused by the rapid release of energy

fault

crack along which movement takes place

elastic rebound

sudden energy release that goes with fault movement

focus

point of origin of an earthquake

epicenter

point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus

friction

a force that opposes the sliding motion between objects that are in contact

stress

the force per unit area that acts on a material

compressive stress

mass is squeezed or shortened

tension stress

mass is stretched or lenghtened

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Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide smoothly; the rocks catch on each other. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving.