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Рейтинг-план 3 семестр

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Рейтинг-план 3 семестр

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Учебник Кобриной

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Учебник Кобриной

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1) Read the information from Kobrina p.208-220 (§1-22)
2) Do the exercises https://docs.google.com/document/d/14iFvOe9nkkfJitB8shW6fKrhe5dwMFySa1lTkv3y76k/edit

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Иностранный язык 4 семестр.docx

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Рейтинг-план 4 семестр

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Рейтинг-план 4 семестр

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Иностранный язык 4 семестр.docx

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§ 30. The functions of the infinitive in the sentence.

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Read and make notes

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The infinitive can be used in different syntactic functions. A single infinitive occurs but seldom: in most cases we find an infinitive phrase, i.e. an infinitive with one or several accompanying words.

1. The infinitive as a subject.

Сомневаться при таких обстоятельствах - это почти означает нанести

оскорбление.

То acquire knowledge and to acquire it unceasingly, is the first duty of the

Приобретать знания, и приобретать их непрерывно - вот первый долг

художника.

Одна мысль об этом причиняла ему невыразимые страдания.

То be recognized, greeted by some local personage afforded her a joy which

Когда ее узнавал и приветствовал какой-нибудь видный местный

житель, она испытывала большую радость.

From these examples we can see that the infinitive as a subject can be rendered in Russian by an infinitive, by a noun, or by a clause.

Though the infinitive as the subject sometimes precedes the predicate, cases when it follows the predicate are far more common; with the infinitive in the latter position, the sentence opens with the introductory it, which serves as an introductory subject. The introductory it is not translated into Russian.

Бесполезно обсуждать этот вопрос.

Было приятно снова вести машину.

2. The infinitive as a preidicative.

Моя цель - пройти в парламент.

The infinitive can also be used as part of a predicative.

Жилище миссис Бетти было нелегко найти.

3. The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate.

(a) With modal verbs, modal expressions, and verbs expressing modality the infinitive forms part of a compound verbal modal predicate.

We must not leave him by himself any longer.(Dickens)

The train was to leave at midnight. (Hemingway)

...I intend to lead a better life in the future.(Wilde)

(b) With verbs denoting the beginning, duration, or end of an action the infinitive forms part of a compound verbal aspect predicate.

Imprisonment began to tell upon him. (Dickens)

Before daylight it started to drizzle.(Hemingway)

Clare continued to observe her. (Hardy)

...they gradually ceased to talk.(Twain)

(For detailed treatment of the compound, verbal predicate see Chapter XV, § 16, 17.)

4. The infinitive as an object.

Leila had learned to dance at boarding school. (Mansfield)

After the verbs to allow, to order, to ask, to beg, to request, to implore, to teach, to instruct we often find two objects, one of which is expressed by an infinitive.

After waiting some time, Mrs. Clements... ordered the cabman to drive back to her lodgings. (Collins)

He asked me to walk in. (Collins)

And the curate does not teach you to read and to write then? (E. Bronte)

The infinitive used as an object can be preceded by the introductory object it. The introductory object is not translated into Russian.

Он считал совершенно невозможным покинуть это место.

5. The infinitive as part of a complex object.

Я никогда раньше не видел, чтобы вы так поступали.

(A detailed treatment of the infinitive used as part of a complex object is given in § 32.)

6. The infinitive as an attribute.

The use of the infinitive as an attribute is far more extensive in English than in Russian: in Russian it modifies only abstract nouns, whereas in English it modifies both abstract and class nouns, indefinite pronouns (somebody, something, anybody, anything, etc.), ordinal numerals and the adjective last.

The infinitive as an attribute is rendered in Russian by an infinitive (chiefly after abstract nouns), by a subordinate clause or by a finite verb serving as the predicate of a simple sentence (after ordinal numerals and the adjective last).

У меня еще не было времени осмотреть эту комнату.

Батшеба была не такая женщина, которая стала бы страдать молча.

У меня нет никого, кто сказал бы мне доброе слово.

Onпервый протянул руку русским.

Когда его машина сломалась, ее починили последней.

The infinitive used as an attribute often has a modal significance - it expresses an action thought of as obligatory or possible.

У меня есть жена и ребенок, о которых я должен заботиться.

В этом мире, должно быть, много такого, что может сделать вас несчастным.

Тэсс была не такое незначительное существо, с которым можно поиграть и бросить.

Sometimes the infinitive used as an attribute implies a more or less prominent idea of purpose.

Here is a nice book to read before going to bed.

Вот книга, которую хорошо почитать перед сном.

Here is a charming little cottage to spend the summer in.

Вот очаровательный коттедж, в котором можно хорошо провести лето.

...у него не хватало мужества взглянуть в лицо опасности.

There was no time now to think - there was only time to give the medicine.

Теперь не было времени думать - оставалось время только для того,

чтобы дать лекарство.

7. The infinitive as an adverbial modifier.

(a) The infinitive can be an adverbial modifier of purpose.

Laws were not made to be broken,laws were made to stay within. (Heym)

Законы были созданы не для того, чтобы их нарушать, а для того, чтобы

им подчиняться.

Чтобы успокоить ее, я на несколько секунд приоткрыла окно.

The infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose can be introduced by in order and so as.

Иногда отступают для того, чтобы вновь перейти в наступление.

Сомc надел пальто, чтобы не мерзнуть.

(b) The infinitive canbe used as an adverbial modifier of result.This chiefly occurs after adjectives modified by the adverbs enough and too.

Глаза у него были достаточно зоркие, чтобы позаботиться о собственной

выгоде.

Я был так занят, что не мог ни с кем встречаться.

The infinitive as an adverbial modifier of result is also tobe found in sentences of the following type:

He was so weak as to be unable to work.

Он был так слаб, что не мог работать.

Mr. Rokesmith has been so polite as to place his sitting-room at our

Мистер Роксмит был настолько любезен, что отдал на сегодня свою

гостиную в наше распоряжение.

And he is such a fool as to think that his idle chatter can influence others.

И он такой дурак, что думает, что его пустая болтовня может на кого-

нибудь повлиять.

As the above examples show the result expressed by the infinitive is often negative.

(c) The infinitive can be an adverbial modifier of comparison (manner);in most cases with an additional meaning of purpose. In this function it is introduced by the conjunction as if or as though.

Она нервно протянула руку к его губам, как будто хотела остановить его.

(d) The infinitive can be used as an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances.

Она была вынуждена уехать и больше не вернулась в эти места.

I am sorry to have raised your expectations, Mr. Blake, only to disappoint

Мне очень жаль, что я пробудил в вас надежду, мистер Блейк, только для

того, чтобы затем отнять ее.

N o t e. - Some grammarians maintain that in sentences of this type the

infinitive performs the function of an adverbial modifier of result

(consequence).

8. The infinitive as parenthesis.

Well, to cut a long story short,they thought it would be more economical to

live at the villa. (Maugham)

Короче говоря, они решили, что будет дешевле жить на вилле.

Не was rude, to say the least of it.

Он был груб, чтобы не сказать больше.

То put it mildly,he was not up to the mark.

Мягко выражаясь, он был не на высоте.

По правде говоря, я был несколько встревожен, но теперь это прошло.

Не brought with him a collection of Indian curios, to say nothing of an

Он привез с собой коллекцию индийских художественных вещей, не

говоря уже о значительном состоянии и нескольких рабах.

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§ 30. The functions of the infinitive in the sentence.

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The infinitive can be used in different syntactic functions. A single infinitive occurs but seldom: in most cases we find an infinitive phrase, i.e. an infinitive with one or several accompanying words. 1. The infinitive as a subject. Сомневаться при таких обстоятельствах - это почти означает нанести оскорбление.

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yanayevgenyevna@mail.ru

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1) Learn the theory that we've dicussed
2) Find examples of using modal verb CAN in literature (1 example for each thing that it expresses)

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1) Do the exercises in pictures. You should write down only the answers.

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2

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3

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4

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5

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1) Advanced Language practice p.49-53 ex.2-8
2) IELTS Language practice p.52-56 all exercises
3) Make one example with each rule from the presentation (starting with other variations)

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1) Advanced grammar p.59 ex.7
2) IETLS grammar p.57-58, p.59-62 ex.2,3

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Random wheel - Spin the wheel to see which item comes up next.

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Вопросы к зачету

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Вопросы к зачету

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Read and make notes (до параграфа 34 включительно)

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In Modern English we find the following predicative constructions with the infinitive:

(1) the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction;

(2) the Subjective Infinitive Construction;

(3) the for-to- Infinitive Construction.

§ 32. The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction.

The Objective with the Infinitive is a construction in which the infinitive is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case. In the sentence this construction has the function of a complex object.

In translating the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction into Russian we nearly always use a subordinate clause.

He's a wonderful teacher and I've never seen him lose his temper or get

Он замечательный учитель, и я никогда не видел, чтобы он вышел из

себя или рассердился из-за чего-нибудь.

However, sometimes asentence containing the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction is rendered by a simple sentence.

...the bombings at night made the old walls shake to their foundations.

...от ночных бомбежек старые стены содрогались до самого основания

(бомбежки заставляли стены содрогаться).

THE USE OF THE OBJECTIVE-WITH-THE-INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

1. The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction is used after verbs denoting sense perception, such as to hear, to see, to watch, to feel, to observe, to notice, etc.

Я не слышал, чтобы кто-нибудь меня звал.

Я видел, как Браун вошел в комнату.

Я почувствовал, как кровь прилила к моим щекам и затем снова отхлынула от них.

After verbs of sense perception only the Indefinite Infinitive Active is used. If the meaning is passive we use Participle II.

Я видел, как пожар постепенно потушили.

If a process is expressed Participle I Indefinite Active is used.

N o t e 1. - The verb to see is followed by a clause and not by the Objective-

with-the-Infinitive Construction when it is not really a verb of sense

perception, i. e. when it means 'to understand'.

I saw that he did not realize the danger.

Я видел (понимал), что он не сознает опасности.

After the verbs to see and to notice the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction is not used with the verb to be; a subordinate clause is used in such cases.

I saw that he was pale.

N o t e 2. - When the verb to hear is not a verb of sense perception, i. e.

when it means 'to learn', 'to be told', a clause or a gerund (and not the

Objective-with-the-Infinitive) is used.

I hear that he left for the South (of his having left for the South).

Я слышал (мне сказали), что он уехал на юг.

2. The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction is used after verbs denoting mental activity, such as to know, to think, to consider, to believe, to suppose, to expect, to imagine, to find, to feel, to trust, etc.

After verbs of mental activity in the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction the verb to be is generally used. (This restriction does not apply to the verb to expect.) The use of this construction after most verbs of mental activity is more characteristic of literary than of colloquial style.

Я знаю, что вы самое честное и безупречное существо из всех, когда-

либо живших на свете.

Я считаю, что у него совершенно нет совести.

Если вы предполагаете, что у этого мальчика нет друзей, вы ошибаетесь.

Все ожидали, что она выйдет замуж за Пита.

After verbs of mental activity the Perfect Infinitive is used but seldom.

Доктор установил, что его сердце перестало биться два часа тому назад.

N o t e. - With the verbs to think, to consider, to find the same idea can be

expressed without an infinitive.

She found the subject rather interesting. (Dickens)

3. The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction is used after verbs of declaring: to pronounce, to declare, to report.

The surgeon pronounced the wound to be a slight one.

Врач сказал, что рана легкая.

She declared him to be the most disobedient child in existence.

Она заявила, что это самый непослушный ребенок на свете.

Я хочу, чтобы вы пришли пообедать со мной.

Я очень хотел, чтобы эти книги были возвращены сегодня.

Она велела, чтобы я пошла за ней наверх.

I did not mean you to learn the poem by heart.

Я не имел в виду, чтобы вы выучили стихотворение наизусть.

Он хотел, чтобы я поехала с ним в Индиго.

Я не хочу, чтобы вы одна жили в гостинице.

I dislike you to talk like that.

Я не люблю, когда вы так говорите.

Я терпеть не могу, когда его бьют.

Я не могу выносить, когда вы говорите об этом.

Here we find the Objective with the Infinitive only if the object is expressed by a noun or pronoun denoting a lifeless thing or when the infinitive is passive. This restriction does not apply to the verbs to suffer and to have.

Mr. Merdle ordered his carriage to be ready early in the morning.

Мистер Мердль приказал, чтобы экипаж был готов рано утром.

She... had never allowed the name of John Gordon to pass her lips.

Она никогда не позволяла себе произносить имя Джона Гордона.

Mr. Dombey suffered Florence to play with Paul.

Мистер Домби неохотно разрешил (позволил скрепя сердце) Флоренс

играть с Полем.

Она позволила мистеру Франклину отвести себя обратно в комнату.

Miss Jemima could not suffer Becky to leave the Academy without a

present.

Мисс Джемайма не могла допустить, чтобы Бекки уехала из пансиона

без подарка.

Я не могу допустить, чтобы вы так говорили, милая Тэсс!

From these examples we see that the verb to suffer, when-followed by the Objective with the Infinitive, is rendered in affirmative sentences by неохотно разрешить, позволить (скрепя сердце). In negative sentences it is rendered by допускать. The verb to have denotes permission only in negative sentences; it is very close in meaning to the verb to suffer and is translated in the same way.

If the object is expressed by a noun or pronoun denoting a living being and the infinitive is active we find two direct objects.

He ordered Alderson to perfect his plan. (Dreiser)

They only allow me to write one letter in three months.(Dreiser)

7. The Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction is used after verbs denoting compulsion: to make (in the meaning of 'заставить'), to cause (in the meaning of 'заставить', 'распорядиться'), to get (in the meaning of 'добиться'), to have (in the meaning of 'заставить; сказать чтобы').

Легкие шаги по гравию заставили его повернуть голову.

The noise caused her to awake.

Orшума она проснулась (шум заставил ее проснуться).

Она распорядилась, чтобы ему послали телеграмму.

Я не могу добиться, чтобы она приготовила уроки.

Мистер Далримпл велел возчику внести мыло в дом.

8. Though the infinitive as a rule is not used with verbs requiring prepositions, the Objective with the Infinitive is widely used with the preposition for (see the for-to-Infinitive Construction used in the function of a complex object, § 34). Occasionally it occurs with the preposition on or upon (after the verb to rely):

I rely on you to come in time.

Я рассчитываю, что вы придете вовремя.

Я рассчитываю, что вы не перейдете на сторону противника.

The gerund, however, is also possible here.

I rely on your coming in time.

Я рассчитываю, что вы придете вовремя.

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In Modern English we find the following predicative constructions with the infinitive: (1) the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction; (2) the Subjective Infinitive Construction; (3) the for-to- Infinitive Construction. The Objective with the Infinitive is a construction in which the infinitive is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case.

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1) Find examples of morphological characteristics of the infinitive (active/passive; perfect/non-perfect; common/continuous) (худ.литература, предложение с примером, источником и в скобках указать характеристики)
2) Find 3 examples of infinitive as subject

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1) Revise the theory
2) Do ex.2 and 3

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For 223
1) Read the presentation till the end and take notes
2) Write your own examples for each case for divisible and indivisible phrases

For 209
1) Do the exercise (predicate)

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From 10 till the end

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https://wordwall.net/resource/16225863/define-the-type-of-coordination-in-compound-sentences

https://wordwall.net/resource/716529/english/simple-compound-or-complex-sentences

https://wordwall.net/resource/30337571

https://wordwall.net/resource/15752638/types-of-clauses-complex-sentence

https://jeopardylabs.com/play/complex-sentences-67

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Рейтинг-план 4 семестр

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Рейтинг-план 4 семестр

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From 11 till the end

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Object ex.18

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Write an example for each type of adverbial modifier

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Start doing extra task 1

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1) Watch the video on the general use of commas in English + do the online quiz after the video (take a picture of/print the results of the quiz)

2) Watch a video on «Comma Splice» and do the quiz after the video (take a picture of/print the results of the quiz)

3) Make sure you know what «Oxford Comma» means. This short video may be of use:

https://www.lexico.com/explore/what-is-the-oxford-comma

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Punctuation - How to Use Commas in English Writing

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Punctuation - How to Use Commas in English Writing

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In this lesson, I look at comma use in the English language. If you are looking to get into university, or simply want to improve your writing, this lesson is a great way to strengthen your punctuation skills.

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Do you know what a comma splice is? Learn about one of the most common writing mistakes that students make and four easy ways to correct it. This free lesson will help you to become a better writer.

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1) Ex.7,8 (по желанию, если чувствуете, что нужно ещё попрактиковаться)
2)Extra tasks 3 and 4

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Учебник Каушанской

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Учебник Каушанской

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1) Print the word files with CAN, MAY, MUST
2) Exercises 15 and 23 (write in Google documents, name the file with your surname in Russian and upload it to your Google disk)
3) Read Kobrina’s book p.114-122

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Exercises with should, ought to and shall

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Exercises with should, ought to and shall

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Exercises with should, ought to and shall

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Exercises with should, ought to and shall

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1) Do ex.34, 35, 36

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1) Krylova ex.28
2) Record a video with instructions to your new housekeeper using must, to be to and to have to in past, present and future forms. The housekeeper needs to record a video with the retelling of his/her responsibilities. People who were housekeepers at the lesson now should be rich house owners and vice versa
3) ex.31 - only for group 225

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1) Record an audio with your dialogues.
2) ex.49, 50, 51

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Do the exercise with subjunctive mood till the end

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1) Do the exercise we started doing at the lesson
2) Prepare for the test!!!

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For group 204
+ ex.4,5 and 7 from the pdf Unit 8

For group 225
+ read and take notes with the theory from unit 8 (в той распечатке, с которой мы работали на уроке)
+ write how your would have changed if something in your past hadn’t happened it had happened in a different life (you need to make up 5 sentences, it should be the sequence of events!

For group 209
+ ex.1 p.49 (pdf file Unit 8 the blue one)
+ ex.3 p.163 (pdf file Unit 8 the purple one)

For group 222
1) ex.3,4,5,7 in the same unit 8

For group 223
1) Read the theory till the end p.48-49, do ex. 2, 3, 4
2) + write how your would have changed if something in your past hadn’t happened it had happened in a different life (you need to make up 5 sentences, it should be the sequence of events!

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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1) If you had won the lottery, what would you have bought? 2) If you had more time this week, what would have done?

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For 204:
1) ex.4,5,6,7 in unit 9

For 209
1) ex.3,6 p.57,59

For 222,223
1) ex.5,6,7 in Unit 9

For 223
1) ex.5,6,7 in Unit 9
2) p.163 ex.3

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For all groups

1) p.167 ex.3 (8-15)

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For group 204, 222
1) p.171 ex.4
2) 173 ex.2

For group 209
1) p.171 ex.4
2) p.173 ex.2
3) p.176 ex.2

For group 225
1) p.171 ex.4
2) p.173 ex.1, 2

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For 204
1) Revision ex.3 and 4 (in our pdf file)

For 225
1) Take notes with the main info from Unit 8 in our pdf file
2) Do the exercise, then click on “finish” and “check my answers”. Upload the screenshot with the results to our Google disk https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/mixed-conditionals/
3) Do ex.2 p.176

For group 209, 222, 223
1) Do extra tasks for Topic 1 (Raiting plan)

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For 204
1) Ex.1 in the presentation

For 209
2) Ex.2 in presentation

For 222
1) Ex.1 sentences 16-23

For 223
1) Ex.2 in presentation

For 225
1) Ex 2 in presentation

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For 204
Read the information from Kaushanskaya book p.198-206, take notes. I’ll check them next time.

For 225
1) Ex. 4 from the picture in the column with Participle
2) Read the information from Kaushanskaya book p.198-206 and take notes. I’ll check them next time!

For 209, 223, 222
1) Ex. 4 from the picture in the column with Participle
2) Read the information from Kaushanskaya book p.200-206 and take notes. I’ll check them next time!

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For all groups:
1) Read your notes again
2) Do the exercise in the picture

For 209 + complete the story
For 225, 222 + take notes about infinitive till p.234