# data[].attributes.body
There were many factors leading up to the revolution that contributed to the revolutionary sentiments against the Spanish in Latin America. One was the Bourbon reforms, implemented by the Spanish gov. throughout the reign of King Ferdinand VII to centralize the gov, restore finances, and other things.

# data[].attributes.body
After Napoleon invaded Spain and instated his brother Joseph as the new king, many Venezuelans felt they did not owe their allegiance to this new regime. On April 10th, 1810, the people of Caracas declared provisional independence from Spain. This inspired Bolívar to join the resistance, although he wanted full independence even if Ferdinand returned.

# data[].attributes.body
On July 5th, 1812 Venezuela voted for full independence, making the First Venezuelan Republic, but the country had much strife so it was taken back over by the Spanish quickly. He came back in 1813 and battled the royalists in Venezuela in what is known as the Admirable Campaign. He was victorious, and made the Second Venezuelan Republic. The people called him "El Libertador" and made him dictator. This would not last long, since in 1814 Venezuela would go through more tumultuous war with royalists and be taken over, and Bolívar would escape to Jamaica, where he would write his "Letter from Jamaica" about his vision of South American independence, and a sort of united states of the latin countries.

# data[].attributes.headline
Quote from Bolívar's "Letter from Jamaica"

# data[].attributes.subject
Quote from Bolívar's "Letter from Jamaica"

# data[].attributes.body
"More than anyone, I desire to see America fashioned into the greatest nation in the world, greatest not so much by virtue of her area and wealth as by her freedom and glory."
—Simón Bolívar

# data[].attributes.headline
Battles for Independence: Boyacá, in New Granada

# data[].attributes.subject
Battles for Independence: Boyacá, in New Granada

# data[].attributes.body
Bolívar would return to after some time with Haitian support, but first for battles not in Venezuela, but in New Granada. In 1819, he crossed the Andes in a surprise attack to capture Bogotá, which was full of resources. He greatly defeated the Royalists at Boyacá R. and took Bogotá, gaining resources including the royalist treasury the Spanish left behind. The independence of New Granada was won and a new republic established.

# data[].attributes.headline
Battles for Independence: Venezuelan independence and forming of Gran Colombia

# data[].attributes.subject
Battles for Independence: Venezuelan independence and forming of Gran Colombia

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Carabobo was a huge victory for the patriots against the royalists. On June 24, 1821, Bolívar defeated the royalists in Carabobo, Venezuela. Venezuela basically had its independence, except for a few bases. So, Bolívar was made president of Gran Colombia, comprised of Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador (albeit not liberated until later, in May 1822).

# data[].attributes.headline
Battles for Independence: Peruvian Independence and formation of Bolivia

# data[].attributes.subject
Battles for Independence: Peruvian Independence and formation of Bolivia

# data[].attributes.body
Bolívar and another general Sucre won the Battle of Junín on August 6, 1824 without fighting. In the Battle of Ayacucho Peru won its independence, and the Congress of Upper Peru made a part of it into Bolivia; named after Bolívar, he would also be the president of the country.

# data[].attributes.body
Bolívar wanted independence for South America from Spain, which by the independence of Peru in 1825 was accomplished. His dream of unifying South America was not achieved, as Gran Colombia was dissolved by his death in 1830. All in all, he was a key person in liberating South America , and is remembered today as "El Libertador," having many statues in not only South America but globally as well.

# data[].attributes.body
Bolívar, Simón. “Letter from Jamaica.” Received by A Gentleman of this Island [Jamaica], Brown University Library, Brown University, 6 Sept. 1815, https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-2-the-colonial-foundations/primary-documents-with-accompanying-discussion-questions/document-2-simon-bolivar-letter-from-jamaica-september-6-1815/.

“El Libertador SIMÓN BOLÍVAR.” Oxford University Press, University of Oxford, 17 Dec. 2015, https://blog.oup.com/2015/12/simon-bolivar-death/.

Farmer, Alan. “Chapter 3: Independence Movements in Latin America.” Independence Movements, edited by Philip Benson, vol. 1, Hodder Education, London, 2013, pp. 114–122. Access to History for the IB Diploma.

Flag of Bolivia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bolivia.

Goya y Lucientes, Francisco de. “Ferdinand VII in Court Dress.” Museo Del Prado, Museo Nacional Del Prado, 1814, Basilea - Beyeler Museum (Temporary Exhibition), Riehen, Switzerland, https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/ferdinand-vii-in-court-dress/1b46165d-1ef7-4399-8282-7056bb901ad9.

Minster, Christopher. “Biography of Simon Bolivar, 'Liberator of South America'.” ThoughtCo, Dotdash, 25 May 2019, https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-simon-bolivar-2136407.

“Simón Bolívar.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 26 Aug. 2020, https://www.biography.com/political-figure/simon-bolivar.

Tovar y Tovar, Martín. “The Battle of Boyacá in the War of Independence of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama against Spain.” Wikipedia, Federal Palace, Caracas, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvar%27s_campaign_to_liberate_New_Granada#/media/File:Batalla_de_Boyaca_de_Martin_Tovar_y_Tovar.jpg.