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COVID affected climate priorities, temporarily redirecting them towards security over sustainability. source

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4) Immigrant well-being declined during COVID-19: THL found that immigrants in Finland experienced more economic hardship, loneliness, and mental health challenges than the general population, making integration and daily life more difficult.

Immigration slowed but remained positive: COVID-19 temporarily disrupted migration flows, but Finland continued to receive more immigrants than emigrants, and net migration stayed positive after the pandemic.

Migration became crucial for population growth: Despite social challenges during COVID-19, immigration remained an important factor in supporting Finland’s population and labour force as natural population growth declined.

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3)Education efficiency rank

Finland’s education system is considered one of the most efficient in the world. It consistently performs very well in international rankings - particularly in student achievement and adult literacy. For example, Finland has among the highest literacy and numeracy proficiency scores in the OECD’s international adult skills survey, outperforming most other countries. This demonstrates strong education efficiency because students and adults achieve high skill levels relative to input and investment.

Finland also ranks highly in global assessments like the PISA tests, where it has remained in the top tier of countries for reading and science performance, showing effective teaching and learning outcomes.

https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en/finland_6991e849-en.html

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PISA 2022 Results (Volume I and II) - Country Notes: Finland

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The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) assesses the knowledge and skills of 15-year-old students in mathematics, reading and science. The tests explore how well students can solve complex problems, think critically and communicate effectively. This gives insights into how well education systems are preparing students for real life challenges and future success. Finland participated for the first time in PISA in 2000. By comparing results internationally, policy makers and educators in Finland can learn from other countries’ policies and practices.

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Alexander Stubb

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Biography Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb is the 13th President of the Republic of Finland. His inauguration took place on 1 March 2024. Alexander Stubb was born on 1 April 1968 in Helsinki, where he grew up in a bilingual family in the neighbourhood of Lehtisaari. He spoke Finnish with his late mother, Christel Stubb (née Setälä), […]

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1. Heart rate monitor

In 1977, Finnish professor Seppo Säynäjäkangas developed the first battery-operated fingertip heart rate monitor, founding Polar Electro. In 1984, Polar introduced the PE3000, a heart rate monitor with a computer interface.

2. Pedestrian reflectors

Arvi Lehti a farmer from Southern Finland invented reflectors so he could see his horse carriages better. Today this innovation is well-known in the Nordic countries and actively used during the dark winter.

3. Flight recorder "The black box"

The first modern flight recorder was created in 1942 by a Finnish aviation engineer Veijo Hietala. This black high-tech mechanical box was able to record all important aviation details during test flights of World War II fighter aircraft that the Finnish army repaired or built.

4. SMS

The idea was pitched during a pizza session in 1984, and the first text message, “Merry Christmas,” was sent in 1992. Real text messaging service began in 1994 with Nokia’s release of the first text-enabled phone.

Sources: https://www.edunation.co/innovations-from-finland/

https://medium.com/@media_57587/finlands-5-important-inventions-in-tech-091cee1bdb82

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Finland has one of the best internet infrastructures in the world. Broadband access is considered a legal right, ensuring nationwide connectivity. Finland ranks in 4th place.

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Finland in the 2025 European and Regional Innovation Scoreboards: Among the leaders, but losing momentum?

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The European Commission’s European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) 2025 confirms that Finland’s position is still well-placed among the Europe’s Innovation Leaders. With an overall innovation performance…

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Finland currently excels in Waste Management but recent data shows it's declining. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/europe-environment-2025/countries/finland

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The Finland country profile provides a concise overview of key trends across three dimensions: environment and climate; socio-economic change; and system change (energy, mobility and food) in the country. It highlights the main developments and challenges in these areas, including measures to support progress towards sustainability in Finland. An assessment for each of the three dimensions was prepared by national experts from the European Environment Information and Observation Network (Eionet) in Finland, based on 20 established indicators from the EEA or Eurostat.

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The pandemic caused a sharp economic downturn—Finland entered recession in early 2020 as GDP contracted and private consumption fell sharply. Government support mitigated some effects, but exports and investment were weak and unemployment rose. Recovery has been gradual, with growth returning slowly in subsequent years but still lagging behind pre-pandemic potential.

Source: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2020/12/oecd-economic-surveys-finland-2020_46800dcf.html

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The COVID-19 pandemic has plunged Finland into a deep recession, albeit less severe than in most other OECD countries. Finland managed to bring the first wave of the coronavirus under control quickly through a combination of voluntary mobility reductions and timely containment measures and is on track to do the same for the second wave. Nevertheless, many people have been laid off and the budgetary costs of supporting household- and business incomes have been considerable.

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Finland has a strong legal framework where citizens are required to obey the law and pay taxes that support public services. At the same time, citizens are protected by important rights such as equality before the law, freedom of expression, access to free basic education, and the right to social security. Taxation in Finland is progressive, meaning income tax varies by earnings and municipality, the standard VAT is 25.5%, and the corporate tax rate is 20%, all administered by the Finnish Tax Administration. Consumers are well protected through rights like a 14-day return policy for online purchases, the right to refunds or replacements for faulty goods, and clear price information, enforced by the Finnish Competition and Consumer Authority. In terms of data protection, Finland follows the EU GDPR along with its national Data Protection Act, ensuring personal data is handled securely and lawfully under supervision of the Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman.

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If you have a con­sumer pro­tec­tion-re­lated is­sue, fa­mil­iar­ize your­self with your rights and in­struc­tions re­lated to your sit­u­a­tion.

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Increase in remote work since 2018- 2023

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Increase in remote work since 2018- 2023

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Every sixth employee works mainly at home

The Quality of Work Life Survey 2023 describes working life in the midst of changes. Many work organisations have had to consider ways of adjusting to advancing climate change and the environmental impact of their activities. Technologies based on AI have already emerged at some Finnish workplaces and they are expected to change ways of working even more in the near future. The COVID-19 pandemic has left its mark on working life, one of the most important being the strong increase and normalisation of remote work.

The increase of remote work is reflected in where work is carried out in Finland today. In 2023, the main place of working was one's own home for every sixth (16%) employee, while five years ago only four per cent of employees mainly worked at home.

Whereas nearly 80 per cent of employees mainly worked at their employer's premises in 2018, the corresponding share was 67 per cent in 2023.

Only around one-half (53%) of employees working remotely worked mainly at their employer's premises, others did most of their work at home or in some other remote workplace in 2023.

Face-to-face encounters have also diminished in customer work

Contacts with co-workers and customers had partly taken place virtually already before the COVID-19 pandemic, but the exceptional circumstances of the pandemic set the seal on the development. For example, teaching was temporarily moved completely to the web and new ways of meeting people virtually were also innovated in other contexts. Many of these practices have continued even after the pandemic.

Around one-half of employees were at least one-half of their working hours in contact with people who were not their co-workers but, for example, customers, patients, passengers or pupils in 2023.

For 19 per cent of employees doing customer work for at least one-half of their working hours, at least one-half of this customer work took place in a virtual environment through a video connection, chat or other similar application.

For only around two out of five (38%) employees working in customer work at least one-half of their working time, the interaction was always made face-to-face, by phone or email and never through digital applications.

It may be claimed that virtual customer work has increased fairly much in five years, although the figures for 2018 and 2023 are not fully comparable due to the change in the data collection method.

Men do customer work less often than female employees, but the customer work done by men is more often virtual than that done by women. The explanation can be found in the gendered occupational structure: women in customer work are working more often than men in occupations in the fields of health care and education, where face-to-face and physical encounters are still an essential part of the work. Virtual connections have, however, replaced at least part of close contacts in nearly all occupational groups.

Overall, the share of those engaged in customer work has fallen slightly in Finland over the past 10 years, which is probably connected to the growing digitalisation and self-service culture in the 2000s: services have moved from customer service offices and telephone lines to be conducted by customers themselves on the web.

Arrival of artificial intelligence at workplaces

In autumn 2023, good one-quarter (28%) of employees said that artificial intelligence-based technology, such as chatbots, virtual assistants, speech recognition, machine vision, machine translation or data analysis based on machine learning, was used at their workplace.

The use of such AI-based technology was clearly more typical in workplaces of upper-level salaried employees (40%) than of lower-level salaried employees (24%) or workers (9%). Defined in this way, artificial intelligence was most commonly used at universities (70%). The share was 41 per cent in central government jobs and 29 per cent in the private sector. The use of AI technologies was lowest in wellbeing services counties and municipalities (21%).

Around one in ten (sexes in total 9%, women 8% and men 11%) were working with AI. Twelve per cent of upper-level salaried employees considered the utilisation of artificial intelligence an essential part of their work. The corresponding share for lower-level salaried employees and workers was only a few per cent.

According to every sixth (17%) employee, changes in the ways of working at their workplace had taken place or were coming soon, for example by utilising robotics or artificial intelligence, e.g. ChatGPT. There was not much difference between women and men in this respect.

Nearly one-third (30%) of upper-level salaried employees expected robotics or artificial intelligence to change their ways of working in the near future or had already experienced such changes. The corresponding share was 14 per cent for lower-level salaried employees and seven per cent for workers.

The change in operating modes particularly concerned ICT professionals, business and administration professionals, managers and clerical support workers.

Information and communication (I), professional, scientific and technical activities (M), and financial and insurance activities (K) stood out as industries where the use of AI-based technology was more common than average.

Differences between age groups evened out concerning neck and back pain

The share of employees finding their work physically demanding has decreased in the 2000s as a result of the change in the occupational structure. Nevertheless, 73 per cent of female employees and 58 per cent of male ones suffered from various repeated musculoskeletal disorders in 2023 (sexes in total 66%).

The connection of age with aches in the neck and shoulder area and back pain is particularly noticeable. In the early years of the Quality of Work Life Survey in the 1970s, the 1980s and the 1990s, neck and shoulder aches and back pain were clearly more common among employees aged 45 or over than among younger ones.

However, neck and back pain increased strongly among younger employees at the turn of the millennium. In 2023, there were in practice no differences by age group anymore, but repeated aches were experienced fairly evenly in all age groups.

Similar development can also be seen in sleep difficulties. The share of those suffering from sleep difficulties weekly did not vary much by age in 2023. Until the 1990s, relatively few young employees suffered from sleep difficulties, and sleep problems were clearly more common for older employees. Since then sleeping difficulties have become more common for people of all ages, but especially strongly for those aged under 35.

Although the results for 2023 are not fully comparable with earlier survey rounds, they show the change that has taken place in the mutual relations of the age groups very well.

Data on working conditions already for nearly 50 years

Statistics Finland's Quality of Work Life Surveys describe changes in employees' working conditions over nearly five decades, starting from 1977. The results of the latest Quality of Work Life Survey for 2023 are not fully comparable with the previous time series in all respects, because the data collection method has changed. The Quality of Work Life Survey was carried out in 2023 as a web inquiry, while the data collection has previously been made with face-to-face interviews. The results of the Quality of Work Life Survey 2023 describe employees aged 18 to 67.

Finnish working life appears strong in many respects. Employees' experiences of workplace atmosphere, communality and support received from co-workers were mainly positive in 2023. Well over one half (60%) were also able to influence much or fairly much the prioritisation and scheduling of the tasks, work pace and work practices and ways of doing things in their own work.

Attitudes at workplaces seem to have become more positive especially towards fathers' family leaves. Around 90 per cent of parents of children aged under 10 thought that it was very or fairly easy for both the mother and the father to take a longer family leave.

Persons aged over 55 were planning to work longer, on average, than the previous generations, and the majority of them could have considered working even on old-age pension at least temporarily.

More than half of employees reported that a climate strategy had been made at their workplace or that targets for increasing ecological sustainability had been recorded otherwise; 60 per cent had noticed that the ways of working had already been changed to be more ecologically sustainable.

On the other hand, stress and coping problems were also common, and particularly burdened female employees. Forty-four per cent of female employees and 31 per cent of male employees felt very or fairly much harmful stress in their work due to time pressure in 2023. Over 40 per cent of female employees and 26 per cent of male employees had been burdened very often or fairly often in the past six months by the thought that they did not have time to work as well and diligently as they would like to. Sixty-nine per cent of female employees and 62 per cent of male ones had to interrupt their work often due to more urgent matters.

Various psychological symptoms were worryingly common among young adults and early middle-aged employees. Mental fatigue at work, concentration difficulties, experience of stress, unwillingness to go to work and finding serious burnout to be a clear risk were most common for employees aged 25 to 34. Weekly memory disorders were particularly familiar to those aged 35 to 44, who also felt they got too little sleep more often than others.

In both the 25 to 34 and 35 to 44 age groups, mental recovery from work was weaker, and feelings of tension and irritability were more common than among those aged under 25 or over 45. Both these age groups had, on the one hand, been on short sick leaves more often than others but, on the other hand, they had also worked while sick more commonly than others.

Read more in the publication (in Finnish):

Työolot murrosten keskellä - Työolotutkimuksen tuloksia 1977-2023.

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Working conditions in the midst of changes - AI, the green transition and remote work in the everyday life of employees | Statistics Finland

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The Quality of Work Life Survey 2023 describes working life in the midst of changes. Many work organisations have had to consider ways of adjusting to advancing climate change and the environmental impact of their activities. Technologies based on AI have already emerged at some Finnish workplaces and they are expected to change ways of working even more in the near future.

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One example of Finland’s adaptation to the metaverse

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One example of Finland’s adaptation to the metaverse

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Finland adapts to the metaverse through Nokia’s 6G development, which is designed to support ultra-fast, intelligent, and immersive virtual environments beyond current 5G capabilities.

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6G networks will seamlessly blend virtual and physical realities, enabling humans to intuitively move between the digital, physical, and human worlds.

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Exports: refined petroleum products, kaolin-coated paper, sulfate woodpulp, industrial machinery & equipment — reflecting Finland’s strong manufacturing and forest industries.

Imports: industrial supplies, capital goods, food & beverages, transport equipment — needed for domestic production and consumption.

Major trading partners include Sweden, Germany, the US, and China.

Source: https://oec.world/en/profile/country/fin

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1)Current wealth distribution in Finland shows high inequality: the richest 10 % of households now own more than half of the nation’s total net wealth, while the poorest 50 % own only about 4 %. The median household net wealth is around €96,000 significantly lower than the average of €229,000 , indicating that most wealth is concentrated among a relatively small top group, and many households hold much less in assets.

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Finland’s wealth gap hits record high as richest 10% own majority

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The wealthiest 10 percent of Finnish households now hold more than half of the nation’s total net wealth, marking a historic shift in wealth distribution, according to new data from Statistics Finland. The median net wealth of households in Finland was 96,000 euros in 2023, a sharp drop from 121,300 euros in 2019. When adjusted for inflation, this represents a decline of about 20 percent. The median value indicates that half of households have greater net wealth, while the other half have less.

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5) Impact of Covid in sociological Factors

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5) Impact of Covid in sociological Factors

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Social isolation and loneliness

Digitalisation of social interaction and services

Work–life balance and remote work culture

Societal impacts of the COVID-19 crisis in Finland. (n.d.). PUBLICATIONS OF THE FINNISH GOVERNMENT 2.

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Exports of machinery, chemicals, forest products, metals, and electronics are key contributors.

Public investment and net exports supported activity in early 2024.

Services such as health and social work also contributed positive growth amid weak construction

Source: https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/finland-market-overview

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International Trade Administration | Trade.gov

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Finland, an EU member state since 1995, has redefined itself from a quiet agriculture and forestry-based economy to a trend-setting global center for technology and design. The country is highly integrated into the global economy, with international trade accounting for one-third of its GDP. Finland's commercial clout far exceeds its modest population of 5.6 million. According to preliminary data from the International Trade Administration (ITA) Country Report, in 2024, Finland's GDP was $306 billion, with a nominal per capita GDP of $54,774. It is the only Nordic country that uses the Euro.

Finland routinely ranks at the top of international surveys on education, quality of life, competitiveness, and transparency. It sits at the epicenter of Europe's "New North" - a unique intersection of geography, infrastructure, education, good governance, and high-technology industries. Helsinki, the second most northern capital in the world, has easy connections by sea and air to neighboring Tallinn, Estonia, and Stockholm, Sweden.

Finland shares an 833-mile-long border and a complicated history with its eastern neighbor and many Finnish companies exited the Russian market in 2022, taking losses on their investments there. EU-wide sanctions have severed nearly all economic ties between Russia and Finland.

The European Union makes up 58.1 percent of Finland's exports and 70.9 percent of its imports. Finland's largest trading partners (imports and exports of goods) in 2024 were Sweden, Germany, the United States, and China. Finland's key export sectors in 2024 were chemicals, machinery, metals, forestry, and electrical and electronics industry products. The European Union manages trade policy, and trade-dependent Finland remains a strong advocate for free trade policies. European Union ― Finland.

In 2024, the United States was the third-largest market for Finnish exports and Finland's sixth-largest source of imports. U.S. exports to Finland totaled $4.5 billion, mainly oil and gas, computer and electronic products, chemicals, minerals and ores, and transportation equipment. Finland's exports to the United States totaled $10.1 billion, including chemicals, machinery (except electrical), petroleum and coal products, paper, and computer and electronic products.

Visit the State Department's website for background on Finland's political and economic environment.

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Discusses key economic indicators and trade statistics, which countries are dominant in the market, and other issues that affect trade.

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Parliamentary elections in Finland are normally held every four years.

The last parliamentary election was in April 2023, so the next regular parliamentary elections are due in 2027 unless early elections are called.

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Elections and voting - Ministry of Justice

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​​​​​​​The Ministry of Justice is the highest election authority in Finland. The Ministry bears the overall responsibility for conducting general elections, coordinates the preparatory work for elections, and provides guidance to other authorities. In addition, the Ministry of Justice is responsible for drafting election legislation and developing the electoral system and the election information system.

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high‑level division

Without exact 2026 numbers, Finland’s central and local government spending is typically concentrated in:

Social protection and pensions (largest share, reflecting the Nordic welfare‑state model).

Health care and long‑term care.

Education and culture.

General public services, defense (including increased spending after NATO membership), public order and safety, and economic affairs (infrastructure, business support, green transition).

These categories consistently make up the bulk of expenditure in Finnish public‑finance statistics and international comparisons.

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Government decides on General Government Fiscal Plan for 2026–2029

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The General Government Fiscal Plan guides the planning public finances. It covers central government, wellbeing services counties, municipalities, statutory earnings-related pension funds and other social security funds. The Government decided on the General Government Fiscal Plan on Wednesday 30 April. The plan defines objectives for the development of public finances and measures to achieve those objectives. It includes a decision of the spending limits for central government finances and presents the Government’s key tax, expenditure and structural measures. The plan is based on the latest independent economic forecast produced by the Economics Department at the Ministry of Finance. The forecast just published by the Economics Department includes only the direct effects on public finances of the growth measures decided in the Government’s mid-term policy review session. The growth measures are not included in the forecast of economic growth, because the forecast was made before the decisions of the mid-term policy review session. The impact of growth will be accounted for in the next round of forecasts. General Government Fiscal Plan includes spending limits decision The plan estimates that next year’s on-budget activities will comprise: revenues of EUR 83.0 billion excluding net borrowing expenditures of EUR 90.0 billion a deficit of EUR 7.0 billion. The balance of the 2026 Budget will be improved by non-recurring factors. The plan includes a decision on the spending limits for central government finances, in other words, it sets the maximum expenditure allowed under the spending limits. The plan will be used as the basis for next year’s national budget. Finland to submit annual progress report to EU The General Government Fiscal Plan meets the EU’s requirement for a medium-term fiscal plan. The Government approved Finland’s progress report as part of the General Government Fiscal Plan. In January, the Council of the European Union approved Finland’s first medium-term fiscal-structural plan for 2025–2028. Finland submits an annual progress report on the plan to the EU. Materials of the Government’s mid-term policy review session to be published Minister Sanni Grahn-Laasonen led a group that negotiated the package of growth measures decided in the Government’s mid-term policy review session. The Ministry of Finance will publish the materials that it provided to support the work of the group. Inquiries: Mika Niemelä, Director General of the Budget Department, tel. +358 295 530 525, mika.niemela(at)gov.fi Jussi Lindgren, Special Adviser to the Minister of Finance, tel. +358 50 576 4611, jussi.lindgren(at)gov.fi Marketta Henriksson, Head of the Secretariat for EU Affairs, tel. +358 295 530 441, marketta.henriksson(at)gov.fi Lauri Kajanoja, Economic Policy Coordinator (impact calculations of the measures of mid-term policy review), tel. +358 295 530 554 The appeddix file Memorandum on the impact calculations of the Government’s mid-term policy review package has been updated on May 6 2025. The example of the impact of the reduction of corporate tax was edited for clarity.

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Finland is focused on achieving Carbon Neutrality by 2035. With complete GHG reductions by 2050. Through the national Climate act (source)

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2)Rank of Finnish Healthcare- Finland was 10th in the 2020 Health Care Index and 3rd in 2024 according to U.S. News & World Report. https://toolbox.finland.fi/themes/functionality-and-wellbeing/finland-as-a-global-pioneer-of-smart-health/

https://datafisher.com/news/why_sweden_and_finland_lead_the_world_in_superior_healthcare/

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Much of the developed world faces a severe demographic challenge. People suffer more from chronic diseases and lifestyle-related diseases. The problem is providing good quality health care to more people as the proportion of tax-paying workers decreases.

Smart health is the solution. One definition from the European Commission says smart health "refers to tools and services that use information and communication technologies to improve prevention, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and management of health-related issues and to monitor and manage lifestyle-habits that impact their health."

The benefits of smart health solutions are to cure afflictions more effectively, to care for patients more efficiently and to prevent illnesses more frequently. An added benefit of smart health solutions is that it typically generates highly skilled jobs.

Photo: Business Finland

EFFICIENT HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

One of the biggest strengths of the Finnish healthcare system is its forward-looking nature. Both public and private organizations invest in new ideas to meet current and future needs.

Finland is a global pioneer in smart health. Finland has an extremely efficient healthcare system and invests in new solutions that solve current and future healthcare needs. Finnish strengths are diverse, ranging from AI and sensors to mobile communications and new business models.

A unique Finnish strength is how it safely uses patient data. It has developed an innovative system to meet strict data protection requirements while allowing data to be used for research, statistics and healthcare development. This system allows ideas to be turned into concrete solutions and has attracted worldwide attention.

The Finnish healthcare system is not isolated; it is international. Healthcare institutions and companies are eager to work with international partners to jointly develop new smart health solutions.

Photo: Eeva Anundi/Business Finland

FACTS AND FIGURES

The Health Care Index 2020 ranks the Finnish healthcare system as 10th best in the world. Finland spends 9.2% of GDP on health expenditures, slightly more than the OECD average of 8.8%, according to the OECD. Good results with modest investments means Finland's system is cost-effective.

Finland is the most prepared European country for the digital, personalised future of health, according to the European Personalised Healthcare Index 2020.

The healthcare and welfare service sector in Finland includes 19,000 companies, 67,000 workers and 5.5 billion euros in revenue, according to Business Finland.

There are 260 health IT companies based in Finland, according to Business Finland. They have a combined revenue of 5 billion euros.

Finland has the #1 availability of scientists, engineers and latest technologies, according to the World Economic Forum's global competitiveness report (2017-2020).
FINFO - Finland for families
Functionality and Wellbeing

Functionality and Wellbeing

Finland for families brochure aims to tell the reader what family life in Finland would be like.
Work-life balance with...

Choose a language for file format PDF

Edited: 11.12.2023
World Ideas in Maritime and Offshore
From autonomous ships to new digital services, Finnish innovations are changing the future of seafaring. How? Watch the video. Two...

Edited: 14.7.2020
Finland, a cool Arctic country
Nature and sustainable development

Nature and sustainable development

The Arctic climate gave us guts - or 'sisu' as we call it. Neither frost nor snow can stop Finns. Roads, airports and vital sea routes are kept open, and machines and equipment keep working.

Choose a language for file format PPT

Edited: 23.7.2020
All Finns can go to sauna at the same time
There are more than 3m saunas and just 5.4m people in Finland. That means all Finns could go to sauna...

Edited: 15.7.2020

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Finland as a global pioneer of smart health - Finland Toolbox

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Much of the developed world faces a severe demographic challenge. People suffer more from chronic diseases and lifestyle-related diseases. The...

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What is the Purchasing Power Index position?

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What is the Purchasing Power Index position?

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Finland’s GDP per capita is among the higher levels globally, with estimates around $54,774 nominal and $64,657 at PPP in 2024, placing it generally in the upper tier internationally.

Source: Finland GDP per capita 2024 - StatisticsTimes.com

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Finland GDP per capita 2024 - StatisticsTimes.com

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GDP per capita of Finland in nominal and ppp terms. Estimates by world bank since 1960 in nominal terms and since 1990 in ppp terms at current and constant prices. Projections by IMF.

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Forestry and increased harvesting threaten wildlife with some species becoming endangered. (source)

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Finland has free and fair elections, an independent judiciary, low corruption, and well‑functioning public administration, all of which support long‑term stability.

​

Recent years have seen strains inside the 2023–2027 coalition government (austerity measures, falling support for the Finns Party), but these are managed within normal democratic processes, not by institutional crisis.

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Compared with many EU countries, Finland’s party system is fragmented but cooperative, and coalition changes or cabinet tensions rarely threaten the constitutional order or investor confidence.

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Finland: Freedom in the World 2024 Country Report | Freedom House

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See the Freedom in the World 2024 score and learn about democracy and freedom in Finland.

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Finland’s GDP per capita grew modestly in 2024 — preliminary figures show about 0.4 % real growth overall, reflecting slow economic expansion. Estimates for 2025 project continued weak growth around 0.7 %

Source: Volume of gross domestic product rose by 0.4 per cent in 2024 | Statistics Finland

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Value added by industry

In total industry (B to E), output at current prices decreased from 2023. The price pressure in industry has eased from a few years back and producer prices for manufactured products decreased.

The volume of value added grew in total industry, as prices of output decreased faster than prices of intermediate consumption.

In construction, newbuilding in particular continued to decline from the previous year. The weak economic situation in construction was clearly the most significant factor behind the weak growth.

Output and value added of services at current prices increased moderately. As prices rose, the volume of value added of services remained on level with the previous year. Of services, human health and social work activities continued to grow in 2024.

Employment and wages and salaries

The weak economic situation in construction weighed down the employment development in the private sector. The development of wages and salaries and employment in the private sector was subdued also outside construction. In the private sector, wages and salaries increased by slightly over one per cent.

Wages and salaries in the public sector increased faster than in the private sector. This was particularly due to growth in wages and salaries and employment in human health and social work activities.

Investments

The steep decline in private sector investments continued in 2024 as building investments decreased.

Public investments increased clearly as especially government investments grew. Government investments were boosted by, for example, road maintenance and investments in transport equipment.

Private consumption

More money than in the previous year was used on private consumption in 2024, but the growth in the amount of money was close to the rise in prices of private consumption. Thus, the volume of purchased goods and services remained more or less on level with 2023.

Households' savings increased in 2024. There were several reasons for this.

Households' income grew due to higher pensions as a result of index increases.

Private consumption increased at a slower rate than wages rose, and social security contributions paid by households decreased in 2024.

Current account in balance in 2024

The value and volume of exports of goods declined in 2024 while exports of services grew. The monetary value and volume of imports of goods also decreased from the year before.

The current account was slightly in surplus.

General government deficit continued to grow

The deficit of general government increased to EUR 12.3 billion in 2024. In the previous year, the deficit was EUR 7.9 billion.

The deficit of central government was EUR 10.1 billion, while one year before it was EUR 9.1 billion. The growth in deficit was primarily impacted by investments, current transfers to social
security funds and wellbeing services counties as well as debt management expenditure.

The deficit of local government, excluding wellbeing services county administration, decreased from the previous year, being EUR 0.8 billion. The decrease in the deficit was particularly caused by an increase in tax revenue and a moderate increase in expenditure. The deficit of wellbeing services county administration was EUR 1.7 billion, while it was EUR 1.6 billion in 2023.

The surplus of employment pension schemes was EUR 1.7 billion, while it was EUR 2.6 billion in 2023. The weakening of the financial position was mainly due to increased pension contributions as a result of index increases.

The financial position of other social security funds also weakened. Social security contributions received decreased significantly because the share of insurance contributions in wages and salaries was lowered in 2024.

National Accounts' table package

The table package combining national accounts data is available in PDF/A format in Finnish and English. The table package is updated in connection with each annual national accounts release.

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Volume of gross domestic product rose by 0.4 per cent in 2024 | Statistics Finland

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In total industry (B to E), output at current prices decreased from 2023. The price pressure in industry has eased from a few years back and producer prices for manufactured products decreased. The volume of value added grew in total industry, as prices of output decreased faster than prices of intermediate consumption.

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Freedom of the press in Finland is a fundamental, constitutionally protected right, consistently ranking among the top five in the world for media freedom, often praised for its high transparency and lack of state censorship. It is defined by the right to express, disseminate, and receive information, opinions, and communications without prior prevention by authorities.

Source: https://rsf.org/en/country/finland

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