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Instead of learning from the teacher and practicing at home on their own, students learn at home on their own sometimes through reading or video, and then in class they practice problem solving together in collaborative environments.

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Federal law requiring that states test students in reading and math; aimed at closing the achievement gap

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2004: Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act 

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2004: Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act 

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Revision and reauthorization of IDEA for free and appropriate education for all students including those with disabilities; focused on equity, accountability, and excellence for students with disabilities

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A competitive initiative to create personalized learning experiences to engage student interest and take responsibility for their success; states competed for grants and were funded based on scores

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Set of high quality academic standards in math and ELA, partly in response to no child left behind; goal was to make sure all students graduate high school ready for college and/or careers

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2010: Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM)

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2010: Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM)

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Move from understanding many concepts at surface level to understanding a few concepts at deeper levels before moving onto more advanced math; focused on problem solving and conceptual understanding

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Science content standards; explains what students in grades k-12 should know in science. Previously only math and ELA standards were specified

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2013: Local Control and Accountability Plan (LCAP)

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2013: Local Control and Accountability Plan (LCAP)

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A tool to help local education agencies improve student success by helping to plan and get resources to achieve goals and implement actions; plan that focuses on goals and objectives for improved student outcomes

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2013: Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF)

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2013: Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF)

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Gives local communities control and flexibility on how to use and spread resources and funding for students and programs which need it the most; changed how all local education agencies are funded, evaluated, and the services and supports they receive

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2013- Transformative Social Emotional Learning (T-SEL)

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2013- Transformative Social Emotional Learning (T-SEL)

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Teaches competency in Self-Awareness, Self-Management, Social Awareness, Relationship Skills, and Responsible Decision-Making. Implemented as part of advancing the “whole-child” approach through LCFF; implementation is currently voluntary and not mandated by California law

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Replaced no child left behind and modified it with more flexibility in administration of tests; included more state accountability and evidence based improvements

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2015: Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC)

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2015: Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC)

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Adaptive online standardized testing aligned with the common core standards; was implemented in 31 states including California

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2015: California Mathematics Placement Act of 2015

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2015: California Mathematics Placement Act of 2015

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Ensures that students are placed in the correct and appropriate math class according to their skills and performance levels in 9th grade in order to improve chances of academic success

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Eliminated English-only requirements; let students choose bilingual or dual immersion or other bilingual programs; focused on benefits of a multilingual workforce.

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An online tool that keeps California schools accountable by publicly showing their performance levels in terms of state and local standards; meant to provide information to help schools improve

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Children now must be 5 years old to start kindergarten. Those who are not yet 5 years old can join a new program, transitional kindergarten, which is voluntary; aims at making sure that all children are ready for kindergarten upon entering

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2018: Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (HR 2353)

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2018: Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (HR 2353)

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Implementation of career exploration and development activities in middle grades and guidance through high school for students to become ready to enter technical fields and careers upon graduation; flexible to help students in special populations including homeless and those in foster care

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2019: Comprehensive School Safety Plan (CSSP)

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2019: Comprehensive School Safety Plan (CSSP)

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Schools are required to develop a plan to keep all students socially emotionally and physically safe; strategies are aimed at preventing potential incidents of crime and violence at schools

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Requires local education agencies to adopt procedures for prevention of bullying including cyberbullying; can be included in the CSSP

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2020: Distance Learning (widely adopted for COVID-19)

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2020: Distance Learning (widely adopted for COVID-19)

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Physical separation of teachers and students via online learning platforms, mainly included synchronous instruction, was widely adopted during the COVID 19 pandemic although it existed before then.

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As we teach students to continually grow and improve, the institution of education itself also does the same. Implementation of reform does not always go as planned and sometimes the outcomes are not what was desired. This is why we must continually assess, reflect, and modify not only at the classroom level but from a legislative level as well. Many of the adjustments made to existing laws include accountability components. More recently, there are several reforms to help students with college and career readiness, including the general readiness to enter the next grade level according to performance. The role of schools has changed over time to be even more inclusive for all students, to be accountable for student success, and to prepare students for entrance into college and/or the workforce.