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According to the article, when your body reacts to a stressful situation, it produces cortisol. The immediate reaction to a situation is known as adrenaline. You know how you lean back in a chair and then all of a sudden you feel that you are about to fall and you jump and you grab the closest thing you can to keep from falling and your heart is racing, that is adrenaline. This crucial drug shifts our focus to the most important task at that time which, to our brains, is surviving. If it wasn't for this hormone, the human race would not be as successful as it is today.

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Thanks to the work of our sympathetic nervous system, the "fight or flight" system that takes over when we're stressed, when you see your boss's name in your inbox late at night, your body reacts like there's a lion on the loose.

Behind the wide range of both physical and mental reactions to stress are a number of hormones that are in charge of adding fuel to the fire.

Adrenaline
What It Is: Commonly known as the fight or flight hormone, it is produced by the adrenal glands after receiving a message from the brain that a stressful situation has presented itself.

What It Does: Adrenaline, along with norepinephrine (more on that below), is largely responsible for the immediate reactions we feel when stressed. Imagine you're trying to change lanes in your car, says Amit Sood, M.D., director of research at the Complementary and Integrative Medicine and chair of Mayo Mind Body Initiative at Mayo Clinic. Suddenly, from your blind spot, comes a car racing at 100 miles per hour. You return to your original lane and your heart is pounding. Your muscles are tense, you're breathing faster, you may start sweating. That's adrenaline.

Along with the increase in heart rate, adrenaline also gives you a surge of energy -- which you might need to run away from a dangerous situation -- and also focuses your attention.

Norepinephrine
What It Is: A hormone similar to adrenaline, released from the adrenal glands and also from the brain, says Sood.

What It Does: The primary role of norepinephrine, like adrenaline, is arousal, says Sood. "When you are stressed, you become more aware, awake, focused," he says. "You are just generally more responsive." It also helps to shift blood flow away from areas where it might not be so crucial, like the skin, and toward more essential areas at the time, like the muscles, so you can flee the stressful scene.

Although norepinephrine might seem redundant given adrenaline (which is also sometimes called epinephrine), Sood imagines we have both hormones as a type of backup system. "Say your adrenal glands are not working well," he says. "I still want something to save me from acute catastrophe."

Depending on the long-term impact of whatever's stressing you out -- and how you personally handle stress -- it could take anywhere from half an hour to a couple of days to return to your normal resting state, says Sood.

Cortisol
What It Is: A steroid hormone, commonly known as the stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands.

What It Does: It takes a little more time -- minutes, rather than seconds -- for you to feel the effects of cortisol in the face of stress, says Sood, because the release of this hormone takes a multi-step process involving two additional minor hormones.

First, the part of the brain called the amygdala has to recognize a threat. It then sends a message to the part of the brain called the hypothalamus, which releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH then tells the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which tells the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. Whew!

In survival mode, the optimal amounts of cortisol can be life saving. It helps to maintain fluid balance and blood pressure, says Sood, while regulating some body functions that aren't crucial in the moment, like reproductive drive, immunity, digestion and growth.

But when you stew on a problem, the body continuously releases cortisol, and chronic elevated levels can lead to serious issues. Too much cortisol can suppress the immune system, increase blood pressure and sugar, decrease libido, produce acne, contribute to obesity and more.

"Ducks walk out of a lake, flap their wings and they fly off," says Sood. "When you face something stressful, particularly if it's not likely to repeat or doesn't have a huge long-term impact, you want to be able to shake it off and move on with life."

Of course, he adds, estrogen and testosterone are also hormones that affect how we react to stress, as are the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. But the classic fight-or-flight reaction is mostly due to the three major players mentioned above. How do you react to stress? Let us know in the comments.

healthy living hormones Stress Cortisol adrenaline

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healthy living hormones stress cortisol adrenaline

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Thanks to the work of our sympathetic nervous system, the "fight or flight" system that takes over when we're stressed, when you see your boss's name in your inbox late at night, your body reacts like there's a lion on the loose.

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There are numerous things that cause me stress. The biggest stress on my mind right now is if you all are being safe out in the world. When I do not get to see you all day to day, I worry about you all. I think that peer approval is the biggest stress factor among teenagers. If a teenager's peers don't approve of them, then they do things (good or bad) to get that attention.

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Risk-taking rises with an audience

It's true: Adolescents really do want to jump off a bridge just because their friends are doing it. But new research suggests changes in how teenagers view risks and rewards around their peers are not only a critical part of their development, but may also provide a key to motivating them.

From the DARE anti-drug program to abstinence-only curricula, education has been full of high-profile attempts to curtail risky behavior that have met with mixed success at best. The emerging evidence suggests, however, that changing teenagers' behavior demands accounting for their social circles, not just asking them to stand up to their peers.

In an ongoing series of studies, Temple University researchers Laurence Steinberg and Jason M. Chein and their colleagues have found that teenagers take more risks and are more sensitive to potential rewards when they think peers are watching them-even if they consciously believe they aren't affected by peer pressure.

"Although it's very, very tempting to assign consciousness to teenagers' motivations and behavior-to say they are doing something because 'they don't understand the consequences,' 'they think they are invincible,' 'they want to impress their friends'-what we think we're finding is [risk-taking] has a much more biological basis to it," said Mr. Chein, the director of Temple University's Neurocognition Lab.

In studies discussed in the April special issue of Current Directions in Psychological Science on "the teenage brain," the Temple researchers found 14- to 16-year-olds take significantly more risks, and are more responsive to potential rewards, when other teenagers are around than when they are by themselves.

"In the same way a young child is developing in the context of her family environment, a middle schooler and high schooler is developing in the context of peers," said Kevin M. King, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Washington in Seattle, who was not part of the Temple research.

"There are huge changes in the social environment," he said. "[Adolescents] are going from one classroom to many, from parents' making all the early friendship choices to making [their] own."

Focused on Rewards

And that new freedom to make their own choices comes just when students start taking more risks in the company of peers.

Mr. Steinberg, a psychology professor at Temple, and Mr. Chein presented study participants with a game in which a player was shown a card labeled with a number between one and nine, and had to guess whether the next card would be higher or lower, with players told before some rounds that they would receive a reward or no reward for a correct guess.

The game was rigged: A computer randomly ensured each player guessed right exactly half the time. The participants played under functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, which measures electrical activity in the brain, allowing the researchers to gauge how much players were responding to the possibility of rewards.

Both adults and adolescents had more brain activity for a potential reward than for none, but teenagers showed significantly higher response to potential rewards when they were told (untruthfully) that another teenager was watching from another room. Adults, by contrast, showed no change when told of being watched.

The findings build on a 2009 study by Mr. Steinberg that found, among 14- to 16-year-olds, younger teenagers took twice as many risks in a timed driving simulation when with peers than when tested alone. Older teenagers took 50 percent more risks when doing the simulation course with friends than alone.

Channeling Peer Power

In a study of binge drinking, Mr. King found adolescents who are deciding to drink weigh negative effects such as having a hangover or getting in a fight less than they weigh perceived social benefits, such as increased confidence and the ability to speak with others.

Both the Temple and University of Washington researchers are separately exploring interventions to help teenagers take a step back mentally in social situations, turning an emotional decision into a more rational one.

Mr. Steinberg's previous studies have found that teenagers do fine on tasks that require just attention and working memory when their peers are around, as long as they don't involve risk and reward. Fifteen-year-olds were better at basic inhibitory-control tasks than 10-year-olds, and less adept than adults, while teenagers are more sensitive to risk and reward than either children or adults.

For interventions to stop risky behavior, Mr. Chein said, "it's not that you are trying to convince the individual that they shouldn't be influenced by their peers; they're not aware at a conscious level of the impact peers are having on them." Rather than focus on preventing adolescents from doing bad things, Mr. Chein suggested that educators focus on leveraging positive peer pressure: "When adolescents are with their peers, they're more likely to pursue rewards, and those can be academic rewards."

Programs that give students "social rewards," such as leadership opportunities and chances to meet other students in ways that improve their social status-such as peer-discipline courts-can channel adolescents' natural inclinations positively, researchers have found.

Published in Print: May 22, 2013, as Study: Teenagers' Brains Are Wired for Peer Approval

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Teenagers Are Wired for Peer Approval, Study Says

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It's true: Adolescents really do want to jump off a bridge just because their friends are doing it. But new research suggests changes in how teenagers view risks and rewards around their peers are not only a critical part of their development, but may also provide a key to motivating them.

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The causes of stress in the article could be from test taking or trying to be a people pleaser. Stress can also come from separation anxiety, social anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. The dangerous events now that is causing stress is the corona virus .The non dangerous is doing all the school work at home and no time to chill.

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When I think about the events that happen tragically in the world. I just fear about the end of world. When I compare the events now in the world that is happening the bible. For example, the illness all over the world and things that are changing. For example a county curfew, no events over 10 people and wearing mask in public. In the past airplanes flying into the World Trade Center that killed all those people. What makes me stress is that I have to fly with my mom and I don't know if a terrorist made it to the plane or if we will make it. This causes me stress and my anxiety rises.

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A stress of fear is being extra careful when going outside of because of all the drive-by thats happening in the milledgeville and of the COVID-19 that's happening all of over the world.

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Being in fear of family members dying from this cronvirus 🤬.Having stress doing all this work .

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I have anxiety while playing my ps4 and other bull 🤬 like having to do stuff that involve performing task????

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waking up early  to do this work is stress but it will pay off when we come back to school I will still be passing .

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the thing I fear the most is that how will I die and when it will happen if I had a chance to choose which one I would choose how I die so I could prevent how I would die so it would not happen. the way I would at least want to die is of age I want to die of age because it is the painless way of dying.

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Some causes of fear could be doing something new or meeting new people. Some mentioned in the article is going to a party or speaking in front of the class. A dangerous situation that could trigger aniexty is jumping off a cliff into water and a non dangerous situation would just be walking in the park maybe alone  In our Dailey lives work and family cause stress.

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On a stressful situation we’re fear could be it is were if u are going somewhere but you act scared so

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On a stressful situation we’re fear could be it is were if u are going somewhere but you act scared so

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Fear could be helpful in a scary place like if you are going somewhere but you need to act like your scared just to go to the place!!!

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Fear could be helpful in a scary place like if you are going somewhere but you need to act like your scared just to go to the place!!!

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Stress is in the first few sentences you here that stress is that he hopes were being safe out here in the world..

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It is helpful when like a convicted felon just broke out of jail,your stress goes high and sometimes you don't think about doing stuff when that particular event is happening.

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Meeting new people,and speaking in front of a class are types of anxieties.But a dangerous one is like holding a sharp object you are not familiar thing, or like bungee jumping of a cliff.

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COVID-19 is the most saddest thing besides 9/11.I just don't understand how this many people have already been affected and worse.Its just seeing things makes me worry

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In a stressful situation,
Everyone is scared of something . People are stressed from a lot of stuff such as losing someone and losing there job.

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Stress or fear,

Fear is scary. Such as scary things like  monsters and lions and stuff. You can also be stressful for that as well. So you can be stressful from scary things.

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Having problems with family can cause stress and having a anxiety and meeting someone can cause stress and when your like the only one up like in school when you haft to present or something that can cause stress

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Some causes of fear could be doing something new or meeting new people. Some mentioned in the article is going to a party or speaking in front of the class. A dangerous situation that could trigger aniexty is jumping off a cliff into water and a non dangerous situation would just be walking in the park maybe alone  In our Dailey lives work and family cause stress.

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Stress is in the fir

Brayeon Dixon4h

Stress is in the first few sentences you here that stress is that he hopes were being safe out here in the world..

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Like when your scared of something you act like your not scared that can be used as positive

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In a stressful situation,
Everyone is scared of something . People are stressed from a lot of stuff such as losing someone and losing there job.

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Fear is scary. Such as scary things like  monsters and lions and stuff. You can also be stressful for that as well. So you can be stressful from scary things.

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In a stressful situation some people get scared or anxiety. I know a lot of kids are stressing and are scared because of the online school. They might be scared they will fail because they need face to face teacher help, or they are stressed bc they have things going on at home and school work isn’t that easy, so they are scared they will fail

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Some things that can trigger stress that was supported in the article is, taking a test or walking into a party. A non-dangerous daily event that can cause stress is, talking in front  of the class. One thing that stresses me out is when I have to talk to people I don’t know. A dangerous daily event is bungee jumping or doing something you are terrified of doing 😂

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In the text/article things it mentioned that causes stress is taking a test, going to a party, staring down a lion, e.t.c. Other events both dangerous and non-dangerous that causes stress in our daily lives is Emotional problems (depression, anxiety, anger, grief, guilt, low self-esteem). Things that causes positive stress is lose of a job. The reason why I said, lose of job is a good thing is because you don't have that much pressure weighing down on you as much.

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I think people should not be in fear . At the end of the day we all should be successful whether the coronavirus is out or not . Now is not the time to play , we have work to do while were on this break and i believe were going to get it done . Sometimes it's good to stress while your working because then you'll become more focus in any work that you are doing . So by then once you get used to it , you won't be stressing you will just be working hard and hard work pays off , Sometimes i may oversleep but at the end of the day . I still make myself get up and do my work because im going to the 8th grade all this work im doing now will pay off , When i get graduate, Once i do i will be so proud of myself because it was plenty of times i wanted to give up , But i didnt i just kept working hard . 

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I think people should not be in fear . At the end of the day we all should be successful whether the coronavirus is out or not . Now is not the time to play , we have work to do while were on this break and i believe were going to get it done . Sometimes it's good to stress while your working because then you'll become more focus in any work that you are doing . So by then once you get used to it , you won't be stressing you will just be working hard and hard work pays off , Sometimes i may oversleep but at the end of the day . I still make myself get up and do my work because im going to the 8th grade all this work im doing now will pay off , When i get graduate, Once i do i will be so proud of myself because it was plenty of times i wanted to give up , But i didnt i just kept working hard . 

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Fear and stress is almost the same thing but they not because fear is something that you are afraid of and stress is when your like having trouble with something . Like for example watching a scary movie its gone give you fear for whatever is going own in that scary movie.

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Stress is more of a thing than fear is too me . Stress brings you anxiety and other things . Fear is you scared of something or someone . Stress can make you have headaches and you can’t really sleep because your stressing about stuff, that can really change a person, for example you really won’t do your work or stuff because your gone be stressed out to the point where you don’t wanna do nothing . Fear is whole other thing .. for example you can be scared of the dark . Fear will also change a person life to, because what if your friends wanna go skydiving but your scared of heights . Then you’ll have to thing of some else instead of that .

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In stressful situations people can get scared of anxious because they are scared of things such as the problems that are happening this year or very stressed out because of their grades or family.

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Some situations of stress that could be negative is waking up everyday at 10:30 and having to do work and it is very stressful because it is very difficult to concentrate because you will get distracted easily

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 Stress  Can cause  mental issues because your whole mood can change by when you are around people  you just start being disrespectful to your mom any body really and you can go to the hospital and you can go  through depression and  it can go bad.

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 Stress  Can cause  mental issues because your whole mood can change by when you are around people  you just start being disrespectful to your mom any body really and you can go to the hospital and you can go  through depression and  it can go bad.

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Stress could be a good and make us powerful at times, Same as fear. Stress and fear is related. They are kinda the same thing because they comes in at the same time. But stress and fear could be a positive thing in some situations because we've seen how our ancestors was, stress and fear made them stronger.

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Stress could be a good and make us powerful at times, Same as fear. Stress and fear is related. They are kinda the same thing because they comes in at the same time. But stress and fear could be a positive thing in some situations because we've seen how our ancestors was, stress and fear made them stronger.

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Stress can be from overwhelming yourself or worrying about a family member. On stressful situations can have fear of problems you may deal with.

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Meeting new people in a classroom, or having to speak in front of a class.

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Some situations are when you have to wake up and thinking, you have to do all this work before the teachers put the grades in or I didn;t get to do all my work so I might fail, or I won't Have time to finish.

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Stressful situations for example, you worrying about a family member that has passed away. Or stressful situations could also be worrying about getting a job, getting promoted, and getting a new car.

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Some cause of stress is the situation and pressure that cause stress as known as stressors.We usually think of stressors as being negative, such as an exhausting work schedule or a rocky relationship. However, anything that puts high demands on you can be stressful.

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Stress is the pressure or tension exerted on a material object.Also could be a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances. Fear is an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat.

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Stress of fear could be a positive thing because fear can make you not be scared any more and stress could be positive because it help to be foucused on things.

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sometimes i get stressed from being up so high well moving around very fast in heights i feel like i would just fall out.

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its more like i don't like roller coasters stress takes over telling me that the ride might brake or somebody might fall out.

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Just being high up does not stress me out but being so close to ledge will i will stress out like i might fall.

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What are some situations in which stress or fear could be a positive thing? 

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What are some situations in which stress or fear could be a positive thing? 

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some people get stressed from someone dying or having a hard time at work

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What are some of the causes of stress mentioned in the article?

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What are some of the causes of stress mentioned in the article?

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some people are scared of heights and of fast things

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What are some situations in which stress or fear is a negative thing?

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What are some situations in which stress or fear is a negative thing?

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being scared to ride a bike with out a helmet

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Stress of fear is a positive thing because it can keep you safe of dangers things and fear can boosts your immune system

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Some people may be stressed out cause of school and all that work

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What are some situations in which stress or fear is a negative thing?

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What are some situations in which stress or fear is a negative thing?

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being scared to get on rides cause i am scared to high up

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Causes of stress is like getting bullied or something like that . Some people get stressed by getting bullied .

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I agree with Karez because when you are fear of something you are stress about the situation you are in

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Some causes of stress is like doing something new or trying something different. In the article it mentioned going to a party or speaking in front of a class. A dangerous situation could be like jumping out of a plane and a non dangerous situation could be like walking in the park alone.

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Most people in the world stress about things relating to work and family issues I stress about like if I'm taking a test I get real stressed out because I don't know if I will pass or fail this happens all the time I might not show it but it's there.

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The cause of stress is when you put in a difficult situation. In the article that I read it said that when kids  stand up in a front of a class it sometimes  stresses some kids out. And some kids try to skip school or stop hanging out with their friends because of stress,because of their overwhelming feelings.

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In some situations people have hard times. For no particular reason they just have them times some people fear things that really you don't have to. Like say that is your first kiss and you're scared to kiss somebody they have fear but really don't have to.

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Having to talk in front of your class on the first day of school

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What are some situations in which stress or fear could be a positive thing? Use evidence from the text, your own experience, and other news, literature, art or history in your response.

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What are some situations in which stress or fear could be a positive thing? Use evidence from the text, your own experience, and other news, literature, art or history in your response.

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stress can help you accomplish tasks more efficiently. It can even boost memory. Stress is also a vital warning system, producing the fight-or-flight response. When the brain perceives some kind of stress, it starts flooding the body with chemicals like epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol.

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Good stress happens when we confront a situation we believe we can manage or control.This is bad stress and it’s toxic. It happens when we’re in a threatening situation that goes on and on, and we don’t feel like we’re able to get through it.

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The fear of the 0 scares me to do my work

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Stress or fear

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Cause of stress could be doing to much work.

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A stress fear could be your stressed because your scared of doing something and you know the consequences behind it .

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Some people get stress by going to work everyday and sometimes it can be family issues. But me I'll get stress by taking a test or something cause I dont know what I'll make.

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Meeting new people

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Some of the causes of stress what was mentioned in the article was taking a test and walking into a party. Non-dangerous cause stress daily lives is dancing or talking in front of people. A dangerous cause stress daily lives like bull riding.

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Being stressed to do the right thing

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Stress could come from people when they don’t understand the situations that are going in there work ,or either when they are at home

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stres

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some experiences can mess with you like getting bad grades in school and the fear comes from when the grades come home then even more stress comes over you

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some forms of stress is when you can finally say whew because it would be a close shave or you are glad something did-dint happen

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fear can just have your blood flowing and your adrenaline can just be pumping depends on how afraid you are

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Some forms of stress is sitting down and taking tests.

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stress can get you to understand things more better an the body will respond in a positive way.

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stress is negative sometime because it affect your muscle in the body.

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Emotional problems

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To stress people to do the right thing

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Good stress happens when we confront a situation we believe we can manage or control. Bad stress happen when we are in an threatening relationship