# data[].attributes.location_name
Mt. Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, Gouéla, コートジボワール

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Mt. Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, Gouéla, コートジボワール

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Mt. Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, Gouéla, コートジボワール

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Name of site: Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve

What it is:  Mountain

Location:  Cote d'Ivoir

Type of site:  Natural Heritage Site

Date of Inscription:  1981

Criteria it meets:  (ix), (x)

Why in danger:  subsistence pressures: farming, hunting, uncontrolled fires, logging and grazing

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Name of site:  Old city of Jerusalem and its walls

What it is:  220 historical monuments

Location:  Jerusalem district

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  1981

Criteria it meets: (ⅱ)(ⅲ)(Ⅵ)

Why in danger:  due to religious violence and rapid urbanization surrounding these monuments

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Name of site: Samarra Archaeological City

What it is: City Ruin

Location: Iraq

Type of site: Cultural

Date of Inscription: 2007

Criteria it meets: ⅱ, ⅲ, ⅳ

Why in danger: Difficult to be maintained due to armed activities.

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Name of site: Rachid Karami International Fair-Tripoli

What it is: Exhibition and trade centre

Location: Tripoli, Lebanon

Type of site: Cultural

Date of inscription: 2023

Criteria it meets: (ii)(iv)

Why in danger: Repeated fighting, poor maintenance, and crippling three-year-old financial crisis

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Name of site: Hatra

What it is: City Ruin

Location: Iraq

Type of site: Cultural

Date of Inscription: 1985

Criteria it meets: (ⅱ),(ⅲ),(ⅳ),(ⅵ)

Why in danger: Due to damage inflicted to the property by armed groups

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Cultural Landscape of  Southern Jerusalem, Battir

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Cultural Landscape of  Southern Jerusalem, Battir

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Name of site:  Land of olives and vine

What it is:  Landscape

Location:  Palestine

Type of site:  Natural

Date of Inscription:  2014

Criteria it meets:  5, 6

Why in danger:  Due to the construction of separation barrier, high levels of authenticity in the land scape might be destroyed in the feature.

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Archaeological Site of Sabratha, サブラタ リビア

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Name of site:  Sabratha

What it is:  Archaeological Site

Location:  Libya

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  1982

Criteria it meets:  (iii)

Why in danger:  Armed conflict

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St. Sophia's Cathedral, Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine

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St. Sophia's Cathedral, Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine

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St. Sophia's Cathedral, Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine

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Name of site:

Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra

What it is:

Cathedral

Location:

Kyiv, Ukraine

Type of site:

Cultural

Date of Inscription:

1990

Criteria it meets:

I, II, III, IV

Why in danger:

because Kyiv has suffered multiple Russian strikes during the Russia-Ukraine war

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Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine, is an architectural monument of Kievan Rus'. The former cathedral is one of the city's best known landmarks and the first heritage site in Ukraine to be inscribed on the World Heritage List along with the Kyiv Cave Monastery complex. Aside from its main building, the cathedral includes an ensemble of supporting structures such as a bell tower and the House of Metropolitan. In 2011 the historic site was reassigned from the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Regional Development of Ukraine to the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine. One of the reasons for the move was that both Saint Sophia Cathedral and Kyiv Pechersk Lavra are recognized by the UNESCO World Heritage Program as one complex, while in Ukraine the two were governed by different government entities. It is currently a museum.

In Ukrainian the cathedral is known as Sobor Sviatoi Sofii (Собор Святої Софії ) or Sofiiskyi sobor (Софійський собор ).

The complex of the cathedral is the main component and museum of the National Sanctuary "Sophia of Kyiv" which is the state institution responsible for the preservation of the cathedral complex as well as four other historic landmarks across the nation.

The cathedral is named after the 6th-century Hagia Sophia ( Holy Wisdom) cathedral in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), which was dedicated to the Holy Wisdom rather than to a specific saint named Sophia. The first foundations were laid in 1037 or 1011, but the cathedral took two decades to complete. According to one theory, Yaroslav the Wise sponsored the construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037 to celebrate his decisive victory over the nomadic Pechenegs in 1036 (who thereafter were never a threat to Kyiv). According to Dr. Nadia Nikitenko, a historian who has studied the cathedral for 30 years, the cathedral was founded in 1011, under the reign of Yaroslav's father, Grand Prince of Kievan Rus, Vladimir the Great. This has been accepted by both UNESCO and Ukraine, which officially celebrated the 1000th anniversary of the cathedral during 2011. The structure has 5 naves, 5 apses, and (quite surprisingly for Byzantine architecture) 13 cupolas. It is surrounded by two-tier galleries from three sides. Measuring 37 to 55 m (121 to 180 ft), the exterior used to be faced with plinths. On the inside, it retains mosaics and frescos from the 11th century, including a dilapidated representation of Yaroslav's family, and the Orans.

Originally the cathedral was a burial place of the Kievan rulers including Vladimir Monomakh, Vsevolod Yaroslavich and the cathedral's founder Yaroslav I the Wise, although only the latter's grave survived to this day (see picture).

Saint Sophia Cathedral, in 1889, Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, DC

After the pillaging of Kyiv by Andrei Bogolyubsky of Vladimir-Suzdal in 1169, followed by the Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1240, the cathedral fell into disrepair. It was greatly rebuilt in its modern splendor in the 16th century, when the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was trying to unite Catholic and Orthodox churches. Following the 1595-96 Union of Brest, the Cathedral of Holy Sophia belonged to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church which commissioned the repair work and the upper part of the building was thoroughly rebuilt, modeled by the Italian architect Octaviano Mancini in the distinct Ukrainian Baroque style, while preserving the Byzantine interior, keeping its splendor intact. The work continued under the Cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa until 1767. During this period around Holy Sophia Cathedral a bell tower, a monastery canteen, a bakery, a "House of Metropolitan", the western gates (Zborovski gates), a Monastic Inn, a Brotherhood campus and a bursa (seminary) were all erected. All of these buildings, as well as the cathedral after the reconstruction, have distinctive features of Ukrainian Baroque.

The museum depicted on a 1988 5 rouble Soviet coin with a Russian inscription

After the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia and during the Soviet anti-religious campaign of the 1920s, the government plan called for the cathedral's destruction and transformation of the grounds into a park "Heroes of Perekop" (after a Red Army victory in the Russian Civil War in Crimea). The cathedral was saved from demolition (the opposite St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery was blown up in 1935) primarily with the effort of many scientists and historians. Nevertheless, in 1934, Soviet authorities confiscated the structure from the church, including the surrounding 17th-18th-century architectural complex and designated it as an architectural and historical museum.

Since the late 1980s, Soviet, and later Ukrainian, politicians promised to return the building to the Orthodox Church. Due to various schisms and factions within the Church the return was postponed as all Orthodox and the Greek-Catholic Churches lay claim to it. Although all the Orthodox churches have been allowed to conduct services at different dates, at other times they are denied access. A severe incident was the funeral of Patriarch Volodymyr of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate in 1995 when riot police were forced to prevent the burial on the premises of the museum and a bloody clash took place. After events such as those no religious body has yet been given the rights for regular services. The complex now remains a secular museum of Ukraine's Christianity, with most of its visitors being tourists.

On 21 August 2007, the Holy Sophia Cathedral was named one of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine, based on votes by experts and the internet community.

Christmas celebrations in front of St. Sophia Cathedral bell tower

Model of the original Holy Sophia Cathedral on the ₴2 note

Sophia Cathedral

Bell tower

House of the Metropolitan

Refectory Church

Brotherhood building

Bursa (high school)

Consistory

Southern entrance tower

Zaborovski Gate

Cells

Monastic Inn

Memorial Stela of Yaroslav's library

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Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv - Wikipedia

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Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine, is an architectural monument of Kievan Rus'. The former cathedral is one of the city's best known landmarks and the first heritage site in Ukraine to be inscribed on the World Heritage List along with the Kyiv Cave Monastery complex.

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Name of site:  Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve

What it is:  Nature Reserve

Location:  Guinea

Type of site:  Natural

Date of Inscription:  1981

Criteria it meets:

(IX) Being significant examples that represent the on going ecological and biological process in the evolution and development of ecosystems, plants and animals

(X) To contain the most important and significant natural habitats for conservation of biological diversity

Why in danger: Over-mining of iron and the arrival of a large number of refugees to the guinean part of the area.

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Name of site: Rock-Art Sites

What it is:  There are thousands of the rock stone that is engraved for no obvious purpose, 12,000 B.C. to A.D. 100

Location:  Libya

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  1985

Criteria it meets:  3

Why in danger:  Graffiti has been spray-painted across the surface of many of the paintings, and people have carved their initials into the rock.

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Name of site:  Ancient City of Damascus

What it is: Ancient City

Location:  Syrian Arub Republic

Type of site:  cultural

Date of Inscription:  1979

Criteria it meets:  i, ii, iii, iv, vi

Why in danger:  Lack of conservation policy for the historical zones outside the walled city and by regional planning projects

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What it is: Nan Madol: Ceremnial Centre of Eastern Micronesia

Location: Micronesia

Type of site: cultural

Date of Inscription: 2016

Criteria it meets: (i), (iii), (iv), (vi)

Why in danger: siltation of waterways (water pollution)

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Name of site: Selous Game Reserve

What it is:  Game Reserve

Location:  United Republic of Tanzania

Type of site:  Natural site

Date of Inscription:  1982

Criteria it meets:  (ix) (x)

Why in danger: Mining and Poaching

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Name of site: Everglades National Park

What it is: Largest tropical wilderness in the U.S. that provides habitat for endangered species.

Location. U.S., Florida

Type of site: Natural

Date of Inscription: 1979

Criteria it meets: (viii) (ix) (x)

Why in Danger: Hurricanes, floods, wildfires and droughts.

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Name of site:  Portobelo-San Lorenzo

What it is:  It is a military fortification, built by the Spanish Crown, to protect the transatlantic route during the 17th and 18th century.

Location:  Province of Colon -District of Cristobol, Panama

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  1980

Criteria it meets:  (i)(iv)

Why in danger:  Listed in 2012 in the World Heritage in Danger due to insufficient maintenance, urban encroachment, and adverse environmental conditions.

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Manovo-Gounda-Saint Floris National Park, Central African Republic

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Manovo-Gounda-Saint Floris National Park, Central African Republic

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Manovo-Gounda-Saint Floris National Park, Central African Republic

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Name of site:  Manovo-Gounda-Saint Floris National Park

What it is:  National Park

Location:  Central African Republic

Type of site:  Natural

Date of Inscription:  1988

Criteria it meets:  9,10

Why in danger:  rare wildlife dying and animal species being wiped out

# data[].attributes.body
Name of site: Old City of Sana’a

What it is: Old City

Location: Yemen

Type of site: Cultural

Date of Inscription: 1986

Criteria it meets: iv, v, vi

Why in danger: Military Intervention (Armed Conflict)

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Rio Platano, Reserva de la biosfera de Río Plátano, Honduras

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Rio Platano, Reserva de la biosfera de Río Plátano, Honduras

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Rio Platano, Reserva de la biosfera de Río Plátano, Honduras

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Name of site: Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve

What it is: A tropical rainforest in Central America

Location: Honduras

Type of site: Natural

Date of inscription:1982

Criteria it meets: 7,8,9,10

Why in danger: deforestation caused by economical pressure

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Niokolo Koba, ニウーコロ＝コバ国立公園 セネガル

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Name of the site: Niokolo-Koba National Park

What it is: National park has unique ecosystems over 913,000 ha which has large waterways, abundant nature and various kinds of animals

Location: Senegal, Sudano-Guinean zone

Type of site: Natural

Date of Inscription: 1981

Criteria it meets: VII, IX

Why in danger: Poaching of elephants, bush fires, the premature dying up of ponds and their invasion by plants, and the construction plan of dams in Gambia and the Niokolo-Koba

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Name of site:  Rainforests of the Atsinanana

What it is: Six national rainforest parks distributed along the eastern part of the island

Location:  Madagascar

Type of site:  Nature

Date of Inscription:  2007

Criteria it meets:  (ix)(x)

Why in danger:  Illegally logging of rosewood and bushmeat hunting of lemurs and other rare spiecies also accompanied the crisis

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Name of site:  Rosia Montana Mining Landscape

What it is: Mining Landscape contains the most significant, extensive, and technically diverse underground Roman gold mining complex currently known in the world

Location: Romania

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  2021

Criteria it meets:  2, 3, and 4

Why in danger:  The surviving landscape was threatened with almost complete destructive by plans to resume and expand open-pit mining

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Port lotniczy José Leonardo Chirino, Av. Josefa Camejo, Coro, Falcón, Venezuela

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name of the site: coro and its port

what it is: first colonial town(1527) and there are 602 historic buildings

location: Venezuela( BolivarianRepublic of)

type of site: Cultural

Date of description: 1993

criteria and it meets: iv, v

why in danger: inappropriate development within it due to the lack of urban controls and around it due to the lack of a regulated buffer zone

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Name of site: Medieval Monuments

What it is: Medieval monuments

Location: Serbia

Type pf site: Cultural

Date of Inscription: 2004

Criteria it meets: 2,3,4

Why in danger: In 2006 the property was inscribed on the list of World Heritage in Danger due to difficulties in its management and conservation stemming from the region's political instability.

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Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California

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Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California

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Name of site:  Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California

What it is:  Islands

Location:  Gulf of California, Mexico

Type of site: Natural

Date of Inscription:  2005

Criteria it meets: vii, ix, x

Why in danger:  Imminent extinction of the vaquita

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Name of site:  the city of Potosi

What it is:  City

Location:  Bolivia

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  1987

Criteria it meets:  ii, iv, vi

Why in danger: Hundreds of years of mining made the mountain unstable.

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Name of site:  Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra

What it is:  Rainforest

Location:  Indonesia

Type of site:  Natural

Date of Inscription:  2004

Criteria it meets:  (vii), (ix), (x)

Why in danger:  Logging interests cut down rain forest trees for timber used in flooring, furniture, and other items.

Power plants and other industries cut and burn trees to generate electricity.

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Name of site:  The Historic Centre of Odesa

What it is:  Part of the Black Sea port city

Location:  Odesa, Ukraine

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  2023

Criteria it meets:  ii, iv

Why in danger:  Russian invasion of Ukaraine

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Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz, Uzbekistan St, Qarshi, Usbekistan

# data[].attributes.headline
Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz, Uzbekistan St, Qarshi, Usbekistan

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Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz, Uzbekistan St, Qarshi, Usbekistan

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Name: Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz

What it is: An area which contains a collection of exceptional monuments and ancient quaters.

Location: Uzbekistan, Shakhrisyabz

Type of site: Both

Date of Inscription: 2000

Criteria it meets: (iii) (iv)

Why in danger: Overdevelopment of tourist infrastructure in the site.

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Name of site:  Djenné

What it is:  Old Towns

Location:  Mali

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  1988

Criteria it meets:  iii iv

Why in danger: insecurity

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Name of site:  Ancient city of Aleppo

What it is:  The Ancient City in Syria

Location:  Syrian Arab Republic

Type of site:  Culutural

Date of Inscription:  1986

Criteria it meets:  3,4

Why in danger:  damaged and destroyed because of the conflict

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Name of site:  East Rennel

What it is:  Coral Atoll

Location:  Solomon Islands

Type of site:  Natural

Date of Inscription:  1998

Criteria it meets:  ix

Why in danger:  destruction of reef ecosystem

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Chan Chan Archaeological Zone, Huanchaco, Peru

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Chan Chan Archaeological Zone, Huanchaco, Peru

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Chan Chan Archaeological Zone, Huanchaco, Peru

# data[].attributes.body
Name of site:  Chan Chan Archaeological Zone

What it is:  Archaeological Zone

Location:  Peru

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  1986

Criteria it meets:  Ⅰ, Ⅲ

Why in danger:  Extreme Climatic Conditions （Climate Change）

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Name of site:  Tomb of Askia

What it is:  A tomb

Location:  Mali

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  2003

Criteria it meets:  ii, iii, iv

Why in danger:  Attacks by Islamist fighters

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Name of site:  Lake Turkana National Parks

What it is:  National Parks

Location:  Kenya

Type of site:  Natural

Date of Inscription:  1998

Criteria it meets:  (ix)

Why in danger:  due to impacts from the Gibe III dam (Ethiopia, the lake could dry up)

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Abu Mena Heritage Site, Qetaa Maryout, Al Amaria Second, Egypt

# data[].attributes.headline
Abu Mena Heritage Site, Qetaa Maryout, Al Amaria Second, Egypt

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Abu Mena Heritage Site, Qetaa Maryout, Al Amaria Second, Egypt

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Name of site:  Abu Mena

What it is:  Church

Location:  Egypt

Type of site:  Cultural

Date of Inscription:  1979

Criteria it meets:  Ⅳ

Why in danger:  Threat of rising local water tables

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Name of site: Historic Center of Vienna

What it is: a city center

Location: Austria

Type of site: Cultural

Date of Inscription: 2001

Criteria it meets: ii, iv, vi

Why in danger: high-rise building projects (economic pressure)