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Movement Methods Grade 7 MYP

Please keep active during these recent days.
Read the description on Managebac and at least once a week please post either:
1. A physical activity you are doing with
photos and some comments.
2. Upload a video of you and your family
and a friend (with masks on) doing
some physical skill or sports practice
with a comment or two.
3.  Do some muscle strengthening exercises
or stretching at home and attach a
photo with comments.
4. Do some dance step practice to a YouTube
or your own creative dance and upload it
with a photo or  video and some comments.
5. Or develop your own spirts practice and
skill development ideas but please include
an uploaded photo or video and
some comments.

Keep healthy please and safe.
Thank you,
Mrs. Okaguchi

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I did GOLD THIS WEEK.
I didn't have photos.

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My dance teacher send me a dance video so I remember and dance that.

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Kouto

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It was way too heavy, I had to carry 2 5L bottle and so many other stuff....

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Physical Activity journal

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It's more difficult than it looks. I like it because I don't have to go outside to do it, although I occasionally go on walks.

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I do to lesson for 3 ~ 4 days each week. I go to Golf course on weekend.

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I go for 1 hour walk for each of the day

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I go for 1 hour walk for each of the day

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I like to go to walk for fun, it can help me let the stress out, also it comfortable walking at outside.
I take this picture while I'm walking

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I do ring fit adventure for 30minutes ~ 1 hour each day

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I do ring fit adventure for 30minutes ~ 1 hour each day

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I do ring fit adventure everyday because if I don't, I stress and be crazy. I also let my parents do it. :)

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Keeping Healthy

What steps and actions have you and your family been taking to keep ‘virus safe’?

Please submit your assignment here to the padlet by May 1st, 2020 or to the Managebac Dropbox or hopefully to both locations. Thank you!
Write a paragraph or two with some illustrations of what you and your family have been doing to protect your health during this virus situation. If you’d like to you could submit a comic style storyboard explaining and drawing actions you and your family have taken to keep the virus away. You could describe one day or a longer time period. Please give information of steps you and your family has taken that might be different than things your family used to do. Examples: wearing masks outside, washing hands very often, seeing friends and others less often or maybe not at all. Please also describe how you have felt during this virus time.

There will be no assignments in PE and Art during the GW holidays so you can have time to rest and relax. Take care please.

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This is my dance. My dance teacher send a dance to my mom and I remember it.

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This is my dance. My dance teacher send a dance to my mom and I remember it.

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Ｉｔｈｉｎｋ　ｐｕｔｔｉｎｇ　ｙｏｕｒ　ｍａｓｋ　ｏｎ　ｏｕｔｓｉｄｅ　ｏｆ　ｙｏｕｒ　ｈｏｕｓｅ．　Ｍｙ　ｆａｍｉｌｙ　ｉｓ　ｄｏｉｎｇ　ｔｏｏ．

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PE class for Thursday May 14th, 2020
Please after signing into the zoom class open this link for the HIIT YouTube. Work at your pace and do as much as you can. If you feel it’s too much slow down and do less repetitions or for a shorter time. Be sure to breathe regularly while doing this workout. Please check how your heart is beating ( heart rate ) before and after you finish. You don’t need to measure it yet, just notice the difference. After doing this workout on 5/14 during the PE class add in a comment  how you felt before the doing the exercises and then how you felt after. Did you feel in a good mood afterwards or not so much? Why do you think you felt the way you did? Add that to a posted padlet statement and to the drop box in Managebac. Please try to do this workout about 2- 3 times a week even on non PE days. Submit a photo or video of you trying any of this routine after the PE class on 5/14. Thank you.

Details

After joining the Zoom class find a room in your house with some space. Check that no one is doing Telework nearby please and try to keep the sound and movement noise volume, not too high. Click on the Padlet YouTube link and join with me to do some HIIT exercises for about 20min. Before the session check how fast or slow your heart rate is moving, either on your wrist, at the side of your neck under your jawbone or over your heart. Do this again at the end of the session. After we finish moving go to the Padlet and drop box and submit your responses to these questions.

1. How was  heart rate  ( fast or slow ) before exercising?

2. How was your heart rate after exercising.?

3. How did you feel after having some exercise? ( a pleasant mood, not so good, had more energy, etc.)

4. What changes happened to your body when you exercised?

5. Why do you think these changes happened.

Please add any other comments, questions you'd like to.

Thank you

https://youtu.be/vI1Yf-MBczI

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30-Minute Strength & Conditioning Workout with Warm Up & Cool Down - No Equipment at Home | SELF

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The best thing way to protect yourself from the virus is to wash your hands often and put your mask on wherever you are outside.

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Write 2-3 paragraphs of how you have felt during this time of not being able to go to school and having many restrictions places on you for your safety and for others safety. Please put your writing here by the end of 5/11/2020 and/ or to the Managebac Dropbox. You made add in a photo if you’d like to. (Aspects  to consider when you write: Was it difficult for you, why. What were good aspects about staying home? Why? Did you learn anything about your personality? Did you feel closer to your family or was it difficult for you?)  Please only write and submit what you feel comfortable writing.
If you can also add this to the Managebac it would be appreciated. Thank you. We will talk about this in PE ( Health ) on Monday 5/11/2020 at 9:45am during the Zoom class, then submit your writing afterwards or during the class.

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Were you able to do somethings easily at home?
Yes. I was able to dance at my house. Mu dance teachers sometime sends us a dance so I remember that.

Were some situations more difficult for you?
Yes. I had a small space to dance and If I remember the dance, there won't be next dance to remember so I was bored.

How was your mood after all?
Good. I have TV to watch and I can chat with my friends so I was not the bad.

What helped you to keep a positive mood and outlook?
Is to watch TV. In normal weekends, I mostly stay still in my house so I didn't think of negative way.

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Were you able to do somethings easily at home?
I was able to do some mini workouts with my family when we were bored.  I was also allowed to go outside (with masks on) to take a walk.

Were some situations more difficult for you?
I have limited space to workout and run compared to the park near by my house.

How was your mood after all?
I am completely fine because although I have limited things to do, I can still video chat with my friends and work at home.

What helped you to keep a positive mood and outlook?
Mini workouts and video call with my friends helped me stay healthy and happy.

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1.) Were you able to do somethings easily at home?

Yes I was able to do quite a number of things easily, I could read a lot of things, I was able to watch educational videos do my assignments. I watched one documentary on Netflix called the Last Dance, it is a good documentary.

2.)  Were some situations more difficult for you?

Yes I cannot really move around in my house, my hallways are very narrow and it is not easy to move around. I also felt a bit lonely, because I was away from the social life, zoom is making me feel better, but sometimes I just feel I have completed all my life goals.

3.) How was you mood overall?

My mood might be OK, because I can at least talk to friends, and watch stuff we are at home. But at the same time, I cannot look at my friends. I cannot go into the outside world, that is the saddest part.

4.) What helped you to keep a positive mood and outlook?

Maybe zoom meetings and google hangouts, what is helping me out is also my good friend Ben, I call him at least twice a week. We can still have some fun, this time, I can actually talk to my mom more.

5.) I have one comment, COUNTRIES OF THE EARTH, WHEN THERE IS A OUTBREAK IN YOUR COUNTRY WARN THE WHOLE WORLD WHILE IT IS STILL IN YOUR COUNTRY.

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Where you able to do something easily at home?

I was able to watch youtube, play games with my family, and play with my dogs. I was also able to go outside for shopping but wearing mask.

Were some situations more difficult for you?

I am always bored staying at my house because I can only play games, use devices. I want to hangout with my friends.

How was your mood overall?

My mood is a little lazy. I'm tired too. However, my dogs makes me happy.

What helped to keep a positive mood and outlook?
Video calling with my friends makes me healthy.

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PE class for 5/14, 2020

Please be sure to answer the questions below and post to the padlet and or Managebac dropbox.

We will do this together, so I’ll start the video and you can start it when I say start. Sometimes a different version comes up if the same series. If that happens I’ll turn the Zoom computer so you can follow wt I’m looking at.

These can be opened fb in the YouTube channel on your digital tv. Please try to do them now and then with your family. There are many types for conditioning different muscle groups. Please enjoy doing them any time. It’s also good to get outside to walk and move outside with a mask on.

Please after signing into the zoom class open this link for the HIIT YouTube. Work at your pace and do as much as you can. If you feel it’s too much slow down and do less repetitions or for a shorter time. Be sure to breathe regularly while doing this workout. Please check how your heart is beating ( heart rate ) before and after you finish. You don’t need to measure it yet, just notice the difference. After doing this workout on 5/15 during the PE class add in a comment in how you felt before the doing the exercises and then how you felt after. Did you feel in a good mood afterwards or not so much? Why do you think you felt the way you did? Add that to a posted padlet statement and to the drop box in Managebac. Please try to do this workout about 2- 3 times a week even on non PE days. Submit a photo or video of you trying any of this routine after the PE class on 5/15.  Thank you.

Details

After joining the Zoom class find a room in your house with some space. Check that no one is doing Telework nearby please and try to keep the sound and movement noise volume, not too high. Click on the Padlet YouTube link and join with me to do some HIIT exercises for about 20min. Before the session check how fast or slow your heart rate is moving, either on your wrist, at the side of your neck under your jawbone or over your heart. Do this again at the end of the session. After we finish moving go to the Padlet and drop box and submit your responses to these questions.

1. How was  heart rate  ( fast or slow ) before exercising?

2. How was your heart rate after exercising.?

3. How did you feel after having some exercise? ( a pleasant mood, not so good, had more energy, etc.)

4. What changes happened to your body when you exercised?

5. Why do you think these changes happened.

Please add any other comments, questions you'd like to.

Thank you,
Mrs. Okaguchi

https://youtu.be/vI1Yf-MBczI

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30-Minute Strength & Conditioning Workout with Warm Up & Cool Down - No Equipment at Home | SELF

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I danced hiphop dance.

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Maintaining Physical Health during the ‘Stay At Home’ time

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Maintaining Physical Health during the ‘Stay At Home’ time

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For Monday May 18th, 2020 Health class

Due to padlet and or Managebac by the end of the class please write about the actions and steps you have taken during the ‘Stay At Home’ time to maintain your physical health. You can write in a story style, paragraph style, letter for a time capsule to be opened on your graduation day or lust the different steps you have taken.

Mention how your overall physical health has been. In good shape, could be better, working on keeping in shape as much as possible, etc.

Please post at least two paragraphs by the end of the Health class today. If you like please include a photo of you doing some sport or physical activity. Thank you

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I am doing to dancing and Golfing. My dance teacher sometime sends me a dance and I remember the choreography and post it on LINE.

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I maintain my physical health by at least going out once a day. If not I will try practicing martial arts, because my mom would attack me anytime. I also try to keep myself swift and fast, so that my speed does not drop. I would also try to keep myself active and do more sports but not too much, because I will not be able to sleep. My physical health is balanced, it is not very good neither is it bad. I go out in and try to walk at least 2 kilometers, and anyways my mom will ask me to buy something and I will need to walk. But because of that I usually take 1-2 hours to sleep because my brain is still active, but I found a solution and it is to listen to microsoft set up videos because they are so boring your brain will sleep.

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I keep myself by going outside once a day and riding a board that helps me to exercise. I also try to do some exercises at home by watching some videos that could help me exercise. Also, I wake up at 6 am to have a nice walk with few people around me.
I will be forced to do some easy exercises before I go to sleep, because my spine is not straight. So I need do the exercises that could help my spine to be straight. Since my house and CHIST is 2km far, I sometimes go to CHIST just for walking. I am forced to do some yogas with my mum.

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I am jogging at yoyogi park least once a week. Also, I do work out with my sister sometime. I watch youtube that is about flexibility and stretching my body.
Every day, I play with my pet chipmunk at garage. I run and chase my chipmunks 🐿🐿. It is really fun to play with them. so I don't feel I am tired. This is the best exercise to me.

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Every day I force my self to go out side and have an hour of walk for health, but when it's raining, I'm living in a tower mansion so there is stairs that we can climb up, so day when it's raining I climb up 48 stairs for one day.
In home, I keep my self to do Hula hoop to keep my body healthier, you might think that hula hoop is not hard, but it really good for our waist.
Also I do some exercise before I sleep because that makes me tired and makes easy to sleep.

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Everyday I do Ring Fit Adventure with my family to be healthy for 10~30 minutes. I also go out to get sunlight once a week. I run around the house sometimes.
I also swing a golf club at home for 10 minutes.

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I often facetime with my friends to do stretching and workouts. I also wake up early to go outside (with masks on) to feel fresh air.

I also have a two hour video call session with my dance teacher. My dance teacher always tells me to stretch everyday to keep my body flexible and healthy.

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I practice golfing to move my body. My dad is a pro golfer, he has alot of trophies. He wants me to enjoy golfing :D. I started playing golf since I was 4 or 5 years old. I went to a course in Hawaii with my family and friends which I enjoyed so much. Golfing is a good exercise so it makes my body warm. :D

I also search up exercising videos in youtube and try to do that. I sometimes listen to music while I’m exercising so that I can enjoy alot more. Sometimes, I do some yoga to stretch my body.

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How to get lots of exercise in a small space  ( You will need a jump rope about 2-3m long) and a device with your zoom app. uploaded in it.

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How to get lots of exercise in a small space  ( You will need a jump rope about 2-3m long) and a device with your zoom app. uploaded in it.

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Thursday  May 28th, 2020 11:15am- 11:45am

1. Please have a portable device with a
Zoom app. on it.
2. Please sign in to your school zoom account
3. We will try rope jumping inside or outside. Even just outside your home or apt. might work.
If you lose the connection, please go back inside and jump quietly inside.
Please wear a mask and try to
be at a location that has
good wifi for the connection to keep going.
Example: outside close to a convenient store
or just in front of your apt or home.
4. Try to go with a family member or
friend  if you go to near the
convenient store, but keep social
distance from
each other please.
About 2-3 meters apart.
5. Stretch a little but first so your muscles
don’t get too tired afterwards.
6. Measure your heart rate.
Count how many heart beats you feel in
6 seconds and multiply that number by 10.
Initial heart rate ___________
6. See how many jumps you can
do in one minute.
Record the attempt numbers on to the padlet. Example:
First attempt:     _______  jumps per minute
Second attempt _______  jumps per minute
Third attempt.   ________  jumps per minute
Fourth attempt  _________ jumps per minute
Fifth attempt.   __________ jumps per minute

7. Try jumping different ways: backwards, on one foot, on the other foot, double jumping ‘ high speed’ rope turning.

8. Then see if you can jump for 2 min. without
stopping. If it’s tough, it’s ok to stop to
take a break, if you need to.

9. Measure your heat rate after exercising.
Count how many heart beats you feel in

6 seconds and multiply that number by 10.

Initial heart rate ___________

Please make a copy of this page add your name and fill in your information and upload it to the padlet please. If you can take a before and after or just after photo of you humping rope please add it to your upload page.
Thank you.
Rope jumping requires less than 2 square meters in both width and length. It’s a great cardio and aerobic workout that you have to utilize many muscle groups. While you are conditioning your heart and lungs you are also conditions your muscles of your legs, arms, back, abdomen and more. Many high level athletes use rope jumping for conditioning in limited spaces.

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I have an online lesson for my dancing every week. Each teacher gives as a task to work and we should post that on our group LINE. Some teachers teach dancing and some teachers teach Rhythm training.

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Please submit to the Managebac Dropbox by the end of the day or here if it is difficult to upload to Managebac.

MAY

25th, 2020

Nutrition - What we eat affects our minds

Summative Paper

Monday  May 25th, 2020 submit by the evening please.

Movement Methods

Details

Please submit to the drop box or padlet a rough plan of your daily meals for any two average days.

Please answer the following questions:

1. Which foods are good for your health that you are eating on most days?

2. Which foods are not so good for your health that you eat now and then?

3. How could you improve your health by improving your overall nutrition?

4. How do you think nutrition affects your long -term health? Give examples please.

5. What is the best way to achieve a good nutritional balance each day?

Thank you.

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How to get lots of exercise in a small space  ( You will need a jump rope about 2-3m long) and a device with your zoom app. uploaded in it.

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How to get lots of exercise in a small space  ( You will need a jump rope about 2-3m long) and a device with your zoom app. uploaded in it.

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Thursday  May 28th, 2020 11:15am- 11:45am

1. Please have a portable device with a
Zoom app. on it. Bring a jump rope,
small sized tennis ball and your phone
or iPad with a cover and the zoom app. on it.
2. Please sign in to your school zoom account
3. We will try rope jumping inside or outside. Even just outside your home or apt. might work.
If you lose the connection, please go back inside and jump quietly inside.
Please wear a mask and try to
be at a location that has
good wifi for the connection to keep going.
Example: outside close to a convenient store
or just in front of your apt or home.
4. Try to go with a family member or
friend  if you go to near the
convenient store, but keep social
distance from
each other please.
About 2-3 meters apart.
5. Stretch a little but first so your muscles
don’t get too tired afterwards.
6. Measure your heart rate.
Count how many heart beats you feel in
6 seconds and multiply that number by 10.
Initial heart rate ___________
6. See how many jumps you can
do in one minute.
Record the attempt numbers on to the padlet. Example:
First attempt:     _______  jumps per minute
Second attempt _______  jumps per minute
Third attempt.   ________  jumps per minute
Fourth attempt  _________ jumps per minute
Fifth attempt.   __________ jumps per minute

7. Try jumping different ways: backwards, on one foot, on the other foot, double jumping ‘ high speed’ rope turning.

8. Then see if you can jump for 2 min. without
stopping. If it’s tough, it’s ok to stop to
take a break, if you need to.

9. Measure your heat rate after exercising.
Count how many heart beats you feel in

6 seconds and multiply that number by 10.

Initial heart rate ___________

Please make a copy of this page add your name and fill in your information and upload it to the padlet please. If you can take a before and after or just after photo of you humping rope please add it to your upload page.
Thank you.
Rope jumping requires less than 2 square meters in both width and length. It’s a great cardio and aerobic workout that you have to utilize many muscle groups. While you are conditioning your heart and lungs you are also conditions your muscles of your legs, arms, back, abdomen and more. Many high level athletes use rope jumping for conditioning in limited spaces.

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Health- your thoughts about this article. For 6/1/2020 Health class- submit by 4pm.

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Health- your thoughts about this article. For 6/1/2020 Health class- submit by 4pm.

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https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200521-can-staying-inside-weaken-the-immune-system

Please read the attached article concerning increasing our immune system through increased Vitamin D, exercise, bring outdoors and more.

Please copy this post and answer the following questions with your name written on your page. You can add in photos if you’d like to and any additional resources and comments. Please be sure to answer the below questions on padlet or Managebac. Add this to the Managebac drop box please. Thank you.

1.  Do you feel it is important for our health
to go outdoors for exercise and moving?
Please explain your answer. Your opinion
is fine, your answer does not have to
be based on research.

2. How often to you get outside
during the week for exercise?
Why or why not do you go
outside to exercise?

3. Why is vitamin D important for
growing teenagers?

4. Can you take in vitamin D
in other ways besides from being outdoors?
Explain please.

5. What is your opinion of keeping your health
strong through good nutrition , sleep
and exercise and having a strong
immune system
( being able to fight off unwanted
diseases, etc.)

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This app is to build strong stomach and core muscles.

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This app is to build strong stomach and core muscles.

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At Home Plank Workouts by ABISHKKING LIMITED.

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iPhone Screenshots

This app provides different plank variations to help you lose weight, gain strength and get a stronger core. The mixing of static and dynamic planks really helps you burn fat fast. Take only 7 minutes a day to burn calories and get in better shape!

With 3 difficulty levels, the 30-day weight loss plan perfectly fits all fitness levels, and it suits both men and women. You can customize your training plan according to your own preferences. There's no equipment or gym needed; you can do plank workouts anywhere at anytime.

Why plank workout?
Planks are the most popular and effective fat burning exercise. They can be easily performed and activate all your muscles, including your core, shoulders, glutes, etc. Planks are the best choice for people with weak knees because they put no pressure on knees.

Maximize the belly fat burning: Planks are more effective than crunches at burning belly fat. Planks activate 100% of your abs, while crunches only involve 64% of them.

Strengthen your core: Plank workout fires up all your core muscle groups, enhances your core strength, and helps you get a strong core.

Reduce back pain: Plank workout can strengthen your back muscles, reduce back pain and lower the risk of back and spinal column injuries.

Improve your posture & balance: Plank workout requires your head, back and feet to be in a straight line. Regularly doing this will improve your balance and posture when sitting and standing.

Accelerate your metabolism: Doing planks keeps your metabolism high for the whole day; this dramatically boosts the fat burning process.

Improve your flexibility: Plank workout stretches all your posterior muscle groups, such as your shoulder blades, glutes and hamstrings, thus improving your flexibility and lowering the risk of injury.

Features:
- On "Settings" page, turn on the "Apple Health" switch to sync the information of your height, weight, calories to Apple Health
- Sync data to Apple Health
- Different forms of planks provided
- Customized workout reminders help you make planking a daily workout routine
- Detailed instruction, animation, and video guide you through every workout
- Workout duration and difficulty increase step by step
- Track your weight loss progress automatically
- Track your burned calories automatically

Subscription Terms and Details
- Get unlimited access to all features for USD $59.99/year.
- The payment will be charged to your iTunes account at confirmation of purchase.
- The subscription automatically renews unless auto-renew is turned off at least 24 hours before the end of the current period.
- Subscription may be managed and auto-renewal may be turned off by going to Account Settings after purchase.
- The account will be charged for renewal within 24 hours prior to the end of the current period.
- Any unused portion of a free trial period will be forfeited when the user purchases a subscription to that publication.

Privacy Policy: https://period-calendar.com/ios_privacypolicy.html
Terms of Use: http://pay.period-calendar.com/app/plank.html

Version 1.0.7

* Timer function added
* UI optimized
* Bug fixed

通知が来ない※解決

すごくいいと思います。
これなら何をやっても続かなかった私でも続けられそう！
と...よろこんではいるのですが。
通知を許可にしているのに通知が来ない...。
まだ3日目でやる気満々だから、あれ？もう時間が...って気が付きますけど、しばらくしたら忘れちゃいそうです。
通知が来ないのは続けるのに致命的なので直して欲しいです。
それ以外はとてもいいです！
今度こそ頑張る...今度こそ...。

※追記※
通知が来ない原因が分かったので星1つ上げました。
朝に通知セットして、朝できなかった時のために夜にも通知をセットしていたんですが、2つセットしてるとダメみたいです。
片方オフにして時間を変えて待ってみたら通知来ました。
解決はできたんですが...
やはり通知を朝晩2回にしたいので...やはり星は4までで。
せっかく通知増やせるのにこれじゃ意味ないです...。

とってもよいが、日本語訳が...

3日坊主の私でも続けられていてとてもよいアプリです！ありがとうございます。
ただ、日本語訳が自動なのか、間違えている箇所があるので可能であれば直した方がよいかと思います

体幹：×カラダミキ➡︎○タイカン
真っ直ぐ：×シンスグ➡︎○マッスグ
他にもあったような気がします。

あと、初級から始めましたが毎日どんどんレベルアップしていきます。それはとてもよいのですがレベルアップの速度が速くて、1ヶ月で全てできるようになるプランではありませんでした。個人的にかもしれませんが。個人差で体重の違いもあるのでできればもう少し緩やかなレベルアップが望ましいかと思います。

ただ、何度か同じ箇所をやってみるなど、色々工夫させてもらいます！

日付の変わるタイミングをカスタマイズ希望

このアプリは毎日続けられていることが見てわかるので、それがモチベーションになり、さらに継続できます。またプランクレベルが複数あり、ストレッチなど他のプログラムも多いので、日によって追加したり、飽きずに楽しめる要素が豊富で、とても良いアプリだと思います。

ただ私の場合夜の0時前後にワークアウトすることが多いため、毎日続けていてもタイミングによっては何もワークアウトしなかった記録が発生してしまうことがあります。(前日23時、翌日25時にワークアウトする時など)

悔しいので、例えば日付の変わるタイミングを夜中2時(26時)にできるとか、個人でカスタマイズできるとありがたいです。

Remove ads and access all features

Information

Seller

ABISHKKING LIMITED.

Compatibility

Requires iOS 9.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

Languages

English, Arabic, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Swedish, Traditional Chinese, Turkish

Infrequent/Mild Sexual Content and Nudity

Copyright

© ABISHKKING LIMITED.

Family Sharing

With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app.

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‎This app provides different plank variations to help you lose weight, gain strength and get a stronger core. The mixing of static and dynamic planks really helps you burn fat fast. Take only 7 minutes a day to burn calories and get in better shape! With 3 difficulty levels, the 30-day weight loss p...

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Plus Fitness by AUSTRALIAN FITNESS MANAGEMENT PTY. LTD.

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iPhone Screenshots

The Plus Fitness app provides class schedules, social media platforms, fitness goals, and in-club challenges. Our app will also allow you to link many of the popular fitness tracking devices and fitness apps on the market. It uses HealthKit to save your workouts, so they can contribute to your fitness goals and challenges progress.

Have a comment or question? Email our team directly at digitalsupport@egym.com.

We've updated our look, you'll love it! Have a comment or question? Email our team directly at digitalsupport@egym.com.

Information

Seller

AUSTRALIAN FITNESS MANAGEMENT PTY. LTD.

Compatibility

Requires iOS 12.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

Languages

English, Arabic, Bulgarian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian Bokmål, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Swedish, Traditional Chinese, Turkish

Copyright

© Copyright Netpulse, 2019

Wallet

Get all of your passes, tickets, cards, and more in one place.

Family Sharing

With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
‎The Plus Fitness app provides class schedules, social media platforms, fitness goals, and in-club challenges. Our app will also allow you to link many of the popular fitness tracking devices and fitness apps on the market. It uses HealthKit to save your workouts, so they can contribute to your fitne...

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Something quiet and calming to try at any time. Please also send in how you felt after doing the training to the padlet.

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Something quiet and calming to try at any time. Please also send in how you felt after doing the training to the padlet.

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Some exercises and training for the girls, if you prefer these.

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Some exercises and training for the girls, if you prefer these.

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Female Fitness Women Workout by Easy Tiger Apps, LLC.

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A yoga app. , if you’d like to try sometime lighter than conditioning.

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A yoga app. , if you’d like to try sometime lighter than conditioning.

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If you're a beginner to yoga, Daily Yoga App provides various guided classes to help you learn the basics before diving into more advanced classes and flows, and if you're advanced-there are plenty of the world's class teachers you want to follow with.

Featured by Apple in "Top Developer", "New and Noteworthy" Get in Shape", "For Yogis", and "What's Hot"Essential App Collections and Editors' Choice! Voted "Best Yoga App" of the year 2016 to 2019 by Healthline. Awarded by The Wall Street Journal as the "5 Addictive Fitness Apps" and Evening Standard as "the Best Apps for Londoners".

Various Classes Fit Your Goal
Daily Yoga offers 500+ asanas, 70+ yoga programs, 500+ guided yoga, pilates, meditation sessions plus the largest yoga pose library for man and woman that suit yogis from beginner to advanced. Not only helps you stay with yoga every day but also provides health benefits for both your body and mind.

Follow the World-Class Master
Altogether 20 yoga masters who are globally respected or the initiator of yoga styles focus on yoga for weight loss, beginner to advanced, better sleep & full relaxation. Aim to make it easier & convenient to yoga workout and provide programs that align with your current goals.

Smart Coach Surprise You Every Day
If you have no ideas on how to pick the class, the Smart Coach feature helps free you from the hassle of repeatedly searching for the right class. Here are 6 targets you can choose as your one-month goal, then Smart Coach will lead you to a session every day for the next 30 days. It will be surprising to unveil a new class every day.

Motivated by Community
The community in Daily Yoga App brings yogis from all over the world closer to one another. Yogis gather here to discuss their practicing experience under the topics, tag and encourage each other to finish the challenge, follow the Yoga tips to improve their technics, prepare the weight-control meals according to the selected recipe. Never feel lonely, and become more limber with other motivated yogis around you.

Meditation in Daily Life
Specially designed meditation classes with online coach guides. Boost your energy quickly during the lunch break with the 10 mins meditation class, or follow the gentle voice into the sweet dream.

Adjust to Your habits
Multiple choices for session duration varied from 5 - 70 minutes to fit your schedule, and 7 languages available worldwide (English, Japanese, Korean, Spanish, Chinese, German, French). Support for Dark Mode to help to prevent eye strain.

Stream on the screen
Daily Yoga App can be signed in with Apple and automatically syncs across all your devices on iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, and Apple TV.

Track Your Activity
Personal data from various devices can be tracked in the App. With Apple Watch, you can track your exercise duration and calories burned and heart rate to contribute to your activity rings and meet your daily goals.

Daily Yoga integrates with the Apple Health App. This feature is optional. You can now share calories burned and exercise duration with Daily Yoga in Apple Health App.

While you are waiting for the update to install, try this easy abdominal breathing: draw your abdomen inward to stabilize your core. As you inhale, bring your fingertips to touch in front of the belly. As you exhale, open your hands out to the sides. Inhale the future, exhale the past. Have fun with it!

FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Terms of Use: http://api.dailyyoga.com/web/terms.html
Privacy Policy: http://api.dailyyoga.com/web/privacy.html

Come to Life, Come to Yoga!
Contact us support@dailyyoga.com

Version 7.31.10

1. Big updates in Search feature:
* You can use the keywords to search for all related programs, sessions, poses, fundamental videos, topics and users.
* Add two filter types: by popular and newest.
2. Optimize the programs' preview page, and add the poses preview videos.
3. Support to use more emoji to write a comment.
4. Add the user ID setting into the profile page for the convenience of support communications.

ヨガ初心者ですが続けて3ヶ月で体脂肪5%減

今までヨガは苦手で習いに行ってもあまりの身体の固さで周りと比べてしまって恥ずかしくなり、続いた事がありませんでした。私にはヨガは合わないと諦めていました。。
40代になってから筋力低下しグングン太り始め身体にガタが出てきたので激しい運動は無理だと思いこのアプリに出会って家ヨガをスタート。
最初は立って呼吸するだけでもフラついたり、どんだけ〜な身体でしたが、寝る前の習慣として簡単な所から毎日続けたら、体重5キロ減。体脂肪が何と5%も減りました！
家で誰にも見られず、パジャマ、スッピンで取り組めて、人と比べないので自分の身体にしっかり向き合う事ができます。ヨガの楽しさを初めて知りました。
適度な声掛けがあり、身体のどこに集中するのか意識させてもらえるので本当に感謝しています。
今ではヨガマット敷きっぱなしで毎晩ヨガが習慣になりました。オススメです♪

効果あります

自分のレベルや気になる部分を選べます。
ガイドも日本語で分かりやすく穏やかな声に癒されます。
肩こりが辛いときは肩や首の凝りをほぐすプログラムを選んでエクササイズしています。肩凝り改善に役立っています。

ひとつ不満なのが、ガイド付き瞑想!
ガイドが英語なのは特に気にならないのですが、オーディオプログラムはすべて自動でリピートする仕様のようでガイド付き瞑想も勝手にリピートしますが、ガイド付き瞑想の自動リピートは、せっかく瞑想した効果がガタ落ちになる気がします！
「Feeling into Deep Sleep」で穏やかな眠りにつこうとしている時に鐘の音とともにリピート再生が始まりがっかりしました。
それが改善されれば☆5つです。

とてもわかりにくいです。

このアプリがなぜこんなにも高評価なのかわかりません。まず、よくある質問という一番と言っていいほど大切な項目に日本語の案内がないのはかなり問題ではないでしょうか？退会したくても、どこから何をすればいいのか非常にわかりにくい。レビューへの回答も全て英語。読めなくはないですが、とにかく使いにくい、わかりにくいです。いつのまにか課金されているのではないかとひやひやします。
私はヨガのスタジオにも通っているのですが、無料の内容をみて、初心者にこんな説明でやらせるのか？と思うほどインストラクションがざっくりしていたので少し驚きました。ヨガをしたい方は、やはりきちんとスタジオで習うのが良いのではないかと思います。

ご不便をおかけして申し訳ありません。日本語サービスはまもなくオンラインになります。サポートが必要な場合は、support @ dailyyoga.comにメールをお送りください。

Information

Seller

Daily Yoga Culture Technology Co., Ltd.

Compatibility

Requires iOS 10.0 and watchOS 4.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Apple TV.

Languages

English, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Spanish, Traditional Chinese

Location

This app may use your location even when it isn't open, which can decrease battery life.

Copyright

© 2012-2020 Daily Yoga Culture Technology Co. Ltd

In-App Purchases

1. Daily Yoga Subscription(One-Year) ¥4,900

2. Daily Yoga Subscription (One-Month) ¥1,220

3. Silver Pro Monthly ¥1,380
more

Family Sharing

With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app.

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‎If you're a beginner to yoga, Daily Yoga App provides various guided classes to help you learn the basics before diving into more advanced classes and flows, and if you're advanced-there are plenty of the world's class teachers you want to follow with. Featured by Apple in "Top Developer", "New and...

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同じWahooから配信されているRunfitアプリ内にもこの7minutesは組み込まれています。ランニングや筋トレなどと同時に行う場合はRunfitを使用した方が情報を集約できていいかと思います。また、7minutes単体のアプリだと、エクササイズ名のみ表示されるので、私はそのエクササイズがどのようなものなのか瞬時に（デフォルトで設定されている10秒の休憩内に）判断がつかないことがありました。イラストが同時に表示されるのRunfitの方が使いやすいです。

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‎The 7 Minute Workout app is the #1 fitness app in 127 countries. Become your own personal trainer to lose weight and get fit with fast, simple daily workouts. 12 high intensity bodyweight exercises. 30 seconds per exercise, 10 seconds rest between exercises. Featured by Apple in the best "Apps for...

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Daily Workouts Fitness Trainer by Daily Workout Apps, LLC

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Your own personal trainer wherever you are! Quick and effective workouts!

FEATURES:
* Ten different 5 to 10 minute targeted workouts
* 10 to 30 minute randomized full body workouts
* 100+ exercises
* Great for both men and women
* Video showing how to do each exercise
* Developed by a certified personal trainer
* On-screen instructions and timer
* No internet required to do most workouts (streaming videos require internet)
* Integrates with Health app (calories burned data will push to Health app at end of workout if calorie calculation app setting is turned on)

Daily Workouts FREE is a great 5 to 30 minute daily workout routine for men and women that steps you through some of the best exercises you can do in the comfort of your own home. These proven workouts, demonstrated by a certified personal trainer, target all major muscles. Spending just minutes a day can strengthen and tone your body. The routine's simple interface, complete with video and timer, allows you to easily follow along and understand each exercise. Simply select your routine and follow along!

>>> If you like Daily Workouts FREE, check out the full version which features:
* 390+ exercises
* More workout routines
* Pilates, kettlebell, stretch and ball workouts and more
* Random and custom workouts
* Ad-free

Version 6.21

Fixed accidental click through splash screen
Fixed rare bug related to streaming videos
Other minor bug fixes and enhancements

色々試すがやはりこれに戻る

かれこれ5年以上使っています。
シンプルイズベスト
コロナ禍の影響で外で自由にジョギングが出来なくなった今、有酸素運動がとてもありがたい。
ジョギングの方がやはり気持ち良いのですが、これのお陰でかなり体力も体重も維持出来ています。

＼_(･ω･`)ｺﾚは良い⭕◎♪̊̈♪̆̈

トレ系アプリが数々ある中で、コレは
面倒な個人登録なく試せた❤❤︎*。

他のは、Facebookやインスタのパスワードやら入れなアカンから、もうええわてなる！

他でパスワードやら登録せんでも出来るやつ
有れば、´ ³`°) ♬︎*.:*また教えて下さいませ☝︎

淡々と。理想的！

ベーシックなトレーニングを淡々とやりたい人向き。余計な装飾や機能がないのが良いです。メニューも沢山用意されているし、動画も解りやすい。シンプルですが飽きずに続けていける理想的なトレーニングアプリです。

Information

Seller

Daily Workout Apps, LLC

Compatibility

Requires iOS 11.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Apple TV.

Languages

English, Arabic, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian Bokmål, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese, Welsh

Copyright

© 2011 - 2020 Daily Workout Apps, LLC

Family Sharing

With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
‎Your own personal trainer wherever you are! Quick and effective workouts! FEATURES: * Ten different 5 to 10 minute targeted workouts * 10 to 30 minute randomized full body workouts * 100+ exercises * Great for both men and women * Video showing how to do each exercise * Developed by a certified p...

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June 4th and 5th - PE classes

1. .Using any of the attached free
conditioning and fitness app links.,
please choose the activity that you’d like
to do and sign into the app.
( just choose one for PE class).

2. Do any workout on the app.
for at least 20 min. during the PE class time.
Then record and document you workout
for today by taking a screen shot and
sending that to the padlet or Managebac

2,   With your screen- shot to be added to
the Padlet write a comment or two how
you felt about the workout. Was it effective
for training that muscle group?
Was it difficult? Would you do that
exercise again on your own?
Any other comments?

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1.  Do you feel it is important for our health

to go outdoors for exercise and moving?

Please explain your answer. Your opinion

is fine, your answer does not have to

be based on research.

I think it is important because if you don’t exercise you will be fatness and in future you won’t have a healthy body.

2. How often to you get outside

during the week for exercise?

Why or why not do you go

outside to exercise?

I go for 2 days in weekend. If I won’t i will fat and my strength will get slow.

3. Why is vitamin D important for

growing teenagers?

If you don't get enough vitamin D during your teenage years, you may be at risk for osteoporosis when you get older.

4. Can you take in vitamin D

in other ways besides from being outdoors?

Explain please.

the vitamin D your body naturally produces when skin is exposed to sunlight.

5. What is your opinion of keeping your health

strong through good nutrition , sleep

and exercise and having a strong

immune system

( being able to fight off unwanted

diseases, etc.)

If you keep healthy, when the time we go to school. I can go school for the first. If I’m not healthy I can’t go.

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Another great free fitness app.
Please send your results to the padlet. Any workout for 20min. Is fine. 

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Another great free fitness app.
Please send your results to the padlet. Any workout for 20min. Is fine. 

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EXPERT GUIDANCE AT HOME
Let Nike Training Club guide you through all your at-home fitness routines. NTC app provides free workouts for everything from HIT, invigorating yoga classes, bodyweight workouts you can do with minimum to no equipment, or cardio to get your heart rate pounding. Switch it up with 185+ free expertly designed workouts for all levels from our world-class Nike Master Trainers. We also have Premium Programs and workout Collections to serve every kind of athlete in order to get specific results, but still be flexible enough to fit into your life.

WORKOUT COLLECTIONS TO TRY AT HOME
Discover Workout Collections perfect for staying active at home, like:
* Big Workouts for Small Spaces
* For the Whole Family
* Boost Your Mood
* Rejuvenate with Yoga
* Best of Abs, Arms, and Glutes
* Elevate Your Game

ANY SPACE, ANY EQUIPMENT
Challenge yourself to guided workouts you can do in your living room, bedroom, or any size space you have available. Most workouts can be done with bodyweight only or a simple set of weights.

COMPLEMENT YOUR ROUTINE
In addition to workouts, get nutrition and wellness guidance from Nike Master Trainers, like recipe ideas and tips on sleep, mindset and recovery. Now is the perfect time to keep building healthy habits.

GET PERSONALIZED RECOMMENDATIONS
Discover daily workouts picked just for you, like "Perfect for Home", and stay on top of "New Workouts" that fit your routine and goals. The more you train with Nike Training Club, the more personal your recommendations become.

APPLE WATCH SUPPORT
Focus more on your workout and less on your phone when you connect your Apple Watch with NTC. Easily advance to the next drill, pause, skip drills and more, all while monitoring your heart rate and calories right from your wrist.

ALL YOUR ACTIVITIES COUNT
Enter any other daily workouts in the Activity tab to keep an accurate account of your fitness journey. If you use the Nike Run Club app, your runs will be automatically recorded in your activity history.

-----------------------------

NIKE TRAINING CLUB PREMIUM IS FREE
To help you make the most of your at-home fitness journey, NTC Premium is FREE to all Nike members until further notice. Enjoy access to all our Programs, which are developed and led by world-renowned Nike Master Trainers and focused on delivering results.

NTC Premium gives you access to:
* 4-6 Week Programs led by Nike Master Trainers
* Expert Nutrition & Wellness guidance including recipes, mindset, recovery, and sleep tips
* New workout formats including on-demand classes and Whiteboard workouts for gym-style training you can do at home

Try our Premium Fitness Programs:
* Ignite & Inspire with Kirsty Godso: A perfect blend of simple strength and cardio exercises.
* Kick Off with Betina Gozo: Get fit & motivated while building strength.
* Breakthrough Challenge (30 day challenge): Get stronger and leaner with strength, HIT, Yoga and easy recipes.
* Yoga Flex & Flow with Alex and Branden: Yoga and meditation to get strong, flexible and balanced.
* Burn with Kirsty Godso: Get lean and confident with a spicy mix of HIT workouts.
* Level Up with Joe Holder: Get toned & challenged with athletic training.
* Pro Strength with Ryan Flaherty: Get lean muscle, power & focus.

Version 6.11.1

Make home the perfect place to stay active with the Nike Training Club app. Enjoy on-demand class-style workouts and programs you can do in any room, with any equipment. Put your wellness first with expert tips on nutrition, sleep, and more.

NEW PREMIUM TRAINING PROGRAM
Try our new 6-week training program led by Kirsty Godso. A perfect blend of simple strength to build you up and upbeat cardio to make you feel the burn. Designed for the begininer but made for everyone.

NEW WORKOUT COLLECTIONS
Try our new workout Collection "For the Whole Family" for fun, kid-friendly workouts you can do together and "Rejuvenate with Yoga" to help you energize, strengthen, and restore.

NEW WORKOUTS
Try our new bodyweight Cardio Kick, Quick Fix Mobility and 12-minute: Arms & Abs workouts.

Editors' Notes

Getting in shape can be a challenge, so making exercise fun and engaging is crucial to staying on the right track. This Nike fitness app features a polished collection of visual workouts, hosted by celebrity athletes like Serena Williams. It's equally effective at home or at the gym. While each lesson can be taken on its own, Nike Training Club also features month-long structured programs that'll help you achieve even better results.

初心者コースでも結構キツイ！！

初めて二日目。ワークアウトには色々なメニューがあるものの、あまりに初心者すぎてどれを選ぶべきかわからないので、自分にあった4週間分のワークアウトプランを作ってくれる機能がとても便利だと思い、まずは提案してもらったプランではじめました。やってみると、冬のこの寒い時期でも汗をかくくらいしっかりとした内容になっていて、運動不足な体にはキツいですが、とても効きそうです。

ただ、ワークアウトの頻度や難易度など4つの項目を選ぶことで、自分用のプランが出来上がるのですが、ドタドタと足音がでるようなメニューや、ある程度の広さが欲しいメニューを避けることができません。これでは場所や時間、環境によってはせっかくワークアウトをこなせません。きつくてもいいので、環境を気にせず、狭い場所で静かにこなせるメニューだけを提案してもらえるようにできたら言うことなしだと思います。

※ちなみに提案型ワークアウトでなければ狭い場所で静かにやるメニューも見つけられます。

簡単でないけど。

連休で鈍った体に喝を入れるように、今2日やりました。道具を使わないでできるものが沢山あるし、ヨガもあって、気に入ってますが、たしかに初めに先をざーっと見ておいた方がいいというか、動きをランダムに繋いであるから、流れるようにはいかず、ヨガマットが急に必要になったり忙しいです。
あと〇〇筋がどこかよくわからないのですが、筋肉痛すごいからきっと〇〇筋に効いてるんだろうと笑
NRCのついでに以前からちょっとずつは使ってたけど、初心者バージョンも結構きついですよね。中級者、上級者ってどんな体なんだ？と思いつつ、先は長いなと期待して引き続きがんばってみます。
でも無料でこれだけのワークアウトが見られて、ゼイゼイ動けて、自分のプランを組んでみたからどんなか楽しみ。
仕事始まって続けられるかが心配だけど、休みも家（時々床ドンドンやりますが）で、運動やれるからありがたいです。

Information

Compatibility

Requires iOS 12.0 and watchOS 4.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

Languages

English, Arabic, Dutch, French, German, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish

Copyright

© Copyright 2020 Nike, Inc.

In-App Purchases

1. Monthly ¥1,700

2. Yearly ¥13,400

Family Sharing

With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
‎EXPERT GUIDANCE AT HOME Let Nike Training Club guide you through all your at-home fitness routines. NTC app provides free workouts for everything from HIT, invigorating yoga classes, bodyweight workouts you can do with minimum to no equipment, or cardio to get your heart rate pounding. Switch it up...

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Muscle Booster Fitness at Home by A.L. AMAZING APPS LIMITED

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Some dance for students who’d like to try. Please also create your own workout and upload it if you prefer to.
Thank you.

# data[].attributes.subject
Some dance for students who’d like to try. Please also create your own workout and upload it if you prefer to.
Thank you.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Unleash your inner Dancer with Just Dance Now!

Enjoy Just Dance's greatest songs and choreographies without a video game console!

Dance to your favorite hits among more than 500 available songs including 40 awesome songs from the Just Dance 2018 console game:

Despacito by Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee
Shape Of You by Ed Sheeran
Swish Swish by Katy Perry ft. Nicki Minaj
24K Magic by Bruno Mars
Chantaje by Shakira ft. Maluma
Naughty Girl by Beyoncé
Bad Liar by Selena Gomez
Rockabye by Clean Bandit ft. Sean Paul & Anne-Marie
Another One Bites The Dust by Queen

Enjoy the Just Dance experience:
* Instant: you can dance to your favorite songs in just a few taps!
* Social: party with 10, 100, or 1000 players if you want! Dance with the entire world!
* Fresh: new songs and exclusive content are added every month!
* Customize: create your own playlists with your favorite songs
* HealthKit: See your total calories burned in Just Dance Now directly on your Healthkit dashboard!

While the game will work great with any connection, we recommend connecting with Wi-Fi or 4G for the best experience.

Legal - https://legal.ubi.com/en-INTL
End User License Agreement - https://legal.ubi.com/eula/en-INTL Terms of Use - https://legal.ubi.com/termsofuse/en-INTL Privacy Policy - https://legal.ubi.com/privacypolicy/en-INTL

Version 3.6.0

* Dance to exclusive, all-new Just Dance 2020 songs in Just Dance Now!
* Performance tweaks and bug fixes.

Doesn't work at all and no support response

I download and purchased the monthly pass but it doesn't work at all. Once I launch the song it crash. I have been sending messages to help center without any reply at all. So disappointed but more than me my daughters who really wanted to play.
What a shame

Again, it was fix for a month and then again many issues with the connection and now my VIP account has been disable, sent many emails without any responses.
Guys ! What are you doing ?

Hi, we're extremely sad for the burden this issue is causing you. If it's not too much trouble round out a support ticket at https://support.ubi.com/Cases/New and give your, DCID and full details of the issue. Our support team will gladly help!

Records weird amount of calories burnt

The gameplay seems to work fine, but the health kit integration is unfortunately broken. Every time I dance to a song, Just Dance Now seems to be reporting "grand total calories burnt" to Health app when it should report the "calorie burnt for the song." This totally messed up my Health app records to the point it appears I have burnt over 4,500kcal in a day, which looks insane! Really sad I have to downgrade the rating because of such glitch.

Hello, thank you so much for your feedback on the new update to Just Dance Now. Here at Ubisoft, we appreciate all feedback from our players whether it be positive or negative. We do take your views into account and we hope that you would still enjoy playing the game even with the new changes.

Subscribe to one month but still cannot do any of the dances

I just subscribed to one month of free music but it does not allow me to play anything. It keeps saying I have to buy coins in the settings there are no information about buying coins.

Is the one month free music a waste? I really like this app but it does not seem to be very helpful.

Anyone help please?

Hi whuwhywhy, we're extremely sad for the burden this issue is causing you. If it's not too much trouble round out a support ticket at https://support.ubi.com/Cases/New and give your, DCID and full details of the issue. Our support team will gladly help!

Information

Compatibility

Requires iOS 10.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Apple TV.

Languages

English, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish

Copyright

© 2014 Ubisoft Entertainment. All Rights Reserved. Ubisoft and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries.

In-App Purchases

1. VIP Party Pass (1h) ¥150

2. VIP Subscription ¥600

3. VIP Subscription ¥1,600
more

Family Sharing

With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app.

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‎Unleash your inner Dancer with Just Dance Now! Enjoy Just Dance's greatest songs and choreographies without a video game console! Dance to your favorite hits among more than 500 available songs including 40 awesome songs from the Just Dance 2018 console game: Despacito by Luis Fonsi & Dad...

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Some squat training and others to build leg strength.
(Eika is a previous student, I taught and coached and is a pro golfer. She was a on a volleyball team I coached before.) She made several exercise clips during the ‘Stay At Home’ time.
Please give it a try.

# data[].attributes.subject
Some squat training and others to build leg strength.
(Eika is a previous student, I taught and coached and is a pro golfer. She was a on a volleyball team I coached before.) She made several exercise clips during the ‘Stay At Home’ time.
Please give it a try.

# data[].attributes.headline
An exercise app. your class used before.

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An exercise app. your class used before.

# data[].attributes.body
Sworkit Fitness

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Finally, a fitness system that understands your pain, frustration, and schedule. With Sworkit, the feeling of being too busy, too intimidated, or too unmotivated will be a thing of the past. You can live your best life, once and for all. Who says you can't get and stay in shape? Make 2020 the year you finally take control.

You don't have to live in the gym to be fit. You can get in amazing shape with our at-home and on-the-go workout system. Millions agree and have used Sworkit to live healthier lives. It's your turn!

IS THIS LEGIT?
We've delivered almost 100 million workouts to people just like you and we were rated #1 by a collegiate study assessing fitness apps for safety, the ability to help people progress in their fitness levels, the effectiveness of the workouts, and other science-y guidelines set by the ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine). Not to mention, we're well suited for everyone from beginners to athletes.

WHY SWORKIT FITNESS?
Whether you're looking to lose weight, tone up, gain muscle, improve your flexibility, or level-up your endurance, Sworkit is here for you. Our algorithm gives you the workout you need in the time you have. 5 minutes? We have your perfect workout. 45 minutes? We have your perfect workout. No equipment? We have your perfect workout. Resistance bands, kettlebells, dumbbells? You get the idea.

WHO IS THIS APP MADE FOR?
The Sworkit Fitness system is for people new to fitness, who want to supplement their current fitness habits, or who are just too busy to make it to the gym - whether you're a new mom getting back in shape, a dad no longer digging that "dad-bod", a traveler needing fitness on the road, or a busy professional who just needs an easy way to get in great shape.

WHAT ABOUT THE KIDS?
We offer a unique library of kids' workouts, perfect for any young ones in your life, whether you are a teacher, parent, or coach. Kids Content is 100% free and does not require a subscription.

WHAT CAN SWORKIT DO FOR ME?
* Get "Leaner," "Fitter," or "Stronger," with one of our 6-week programs designed for beginner through advanced levels. Weight loss, HIIT, Tabata, cardio, strength, yoga, and Pilates workouts are all here!
* Find or even create your perfect routine. Over 800 body weight and small equipment exercises and 400+ workouts make it possible for you to find or create the perfect workout.
* Working with a Physical Therapist? We've got exercises ready for you.
* 1-on-1 assistance from certified personal trainers directly from our app

HEALTH APP INTEGRATION
Sync your Sworkit workouts to Apple Health. You can allow Sworkit to save workouts and energy burned.

MYFITNESSPAL & STRAVA INTEGRATIONS
Sync your workouts to MyFitnessPal and Strava for enhanced connectivity and utility.

SUBSCRIPTION DETAILS
Sworkit is free to download and all Kids content is 100% free. All other workouts require an active subscription. Customers may choose a free 7-day trial period to evaluate the product. Sworkit offers monthly and yearly subscriptions to provide you with unlimited access to Sworkit Fitness while you maintain an active subscription.

Payment will be charged to your iTunes Account upon completion of your trial period if offered, or at confirmation of purchase if not. Subscription automatically renews unless auto-renew is turned off at least 24-hours before the end of the current period. Your account will be charged for renewal within 24-hours prior to the end of the current period at either the monthly or annual rate. You can manage your subscription by visiting the iTunes Account Settings after purchase. Any unused portion of a free trial period, if offered, will be forfeited when you purchase a subscription. Sworkit's Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy are available at http://m.sworkit.com/TOS.html & http://m.sworkit.com/privacy.html

Join the Sworkit Movement
Facebook: https://facebook.com/sworkit
Instagram: @Sworkit
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/Sworkit

Version 10.2.1

New repetition based exercises and circuit round workouts are here!
Try a new type of workout to keep things fun and to continue to challenge your body.

メニューは悪くない

普段はYouTube見ながらトレーニングしているのですがたまたまAppStoreでこのアプリを見て何となくダウンロードしました。
無料でもいろいろ試せていいのですが、必ずしもこのアプリがメインではないのに起動しない日があると、登録したメールアドレスに英語で「頑張って継続しよう！(多分...)」みたいなメールが送られてくると、「面倒だな...」と思ってしまいます。
このアプリ1本でマジ頑張る！て方にはオススメします。なので、間をとって星3です。

Umm...what???

So whenever I try to sign in, it doesn't work. Instead a sign pops up saying "there was an error" I deleted the app then downloaded it again, but it still wasn't working. I hope you guys fix that asap.

アップデート後

年間有料会員で使用していますが、アップデート後非常に使いづらくなりました。改善をお願いします。
・アップデート後、カスタマイズしたエクササイズが全て使えなくなった。
・新規にカスタマイズを作成しようとするとエクササイズの絞り込みが全て0件で表示される。
・言語を日本語に設定していても、アナウンスが英語になってしまう。

Information

Compatibility

Requires iOS 11.0 and watchOS 4.3 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Apple TV.

Copyright

© Nexercise Inc.

In-App Purchases

1. Sworkit Premium Monthly ¥360

2. Sworkit Premium Annual ¥2,400

3. Sworkit Monthly Subscription ¥600
more

Family Sharing

With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
‎Finally, a fitness system that understands your pain, frustration, and schedule. With Sworkit, the feeling of being too busy, too intimidated, or too unmotivated will be a thing of the past. You can live your best life, once and for all. Who says you can't get and stay in shape?

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Sorry for the picture is hard to understand

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Sorry for the picture is hard to understand

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I used plank work out app, I think it really good, because it shows the direction of the exercise and it really fun to do it, also it will calculate my heart beat by the app. It really cool so pls try out :)

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June 5th, 2020
Choose one of the apps you like. Do a workout or two. Take a photo of you in action or ask your mother, father or other family member to take the photo. Write a few sentences how you felt after moving on the same post as your photo and post to the padlet or Managebac please. If you want ask someone in your family to join you with the exercise and submit that photo.
Thank you! Have a relaxing and fun weekend please.

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It was not a bad workout, I managed to improve my stamina and legs. It was a good lower body workout because I was constantly squatting and stretching for my legs. Now I feel tired, and you will feel like your muscles are stretching and you can feel the stretch.

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work out makes me little tired today, reason is I just woke up
( maybe ), especially the push up, makes me really tired. also by stretch you can feel that your muscle is tighten

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I did some exercises for warm up

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June 8th, 2020
Use the class time this week to catch up for submitting any formative or Summative tasks you have not completed yet. Check your Managebac site to see what you have not uploaded there. If you have done all assignments especially the May 25th, nutrition Summative task, please use this week to do your own independent training and conditioning, and post your workout or photo( or both) to the padlet. Thank you!

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I do stretches sometime because I have sprain so I need to make legs flexible.

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Don't look at my face pls

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How to NOT do sit ups

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A relaxing stretching routine.Please try to do this today in class.No posts are required by you. Just participate and I will take one or two class photos and upload that instead.

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A relaxing stretching routine.Please try to do this today in class.No posts are required by you. Just participate and I will take one or two class photos and upload that instead.

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Some stretching to recover from being indoors more than usual.

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Some stretching to recover from being indoors more than usual.

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Great work grade 7! If you couldn’t join the class please do the stretching when you have time.
Thank you.

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June 11, 2020

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I did relaxing stretches because I didn't join the zoom meeting. I feel very relief and I thought my body was a little lighter then before.

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I really love winter sports. For example, I love skiing, snowboarding, and ice skating . But I will choose ice skating, because I've been ice skating for about 4 years. Each winter, I go to ice skating for 4 hours. I cannot go to ice skating often in the winter because my family wants to enjoy variety of things in the winter. I like ice skating because I like ice and it makes me feel very good.

Ice skating is very similar to inline skating. It works the same. They are both the same but places where they should have been ridden are different. For ice skating, it's on ice and for inline skating, it can be ridden anywhere except for water, ice, and a ground where it's not so bumpy.

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My favourite sport is Snowboarding, I personally like snowboarding rather then skiing because it's more cool in my opinion. I think snowboard is harder then ski, so I prefer should start ski first then snowboard.

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My favourite sport is Skiing, I just like high speed, and I like the snow, I am not very good at it, but I will try to get better. Skiing it is not difficult, the only part that hurts is when you forget your gloves, and the shoes. Other than that, I like skiing.

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I started horse riding when I was in G3, because I love animals and I saw my dad riding a little so I wanted to do it too. I go for lesson on Saturday if my dad doesn’t have job.

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I like playing volleyball with my friends. I like attacking because attacking is the position who gets most points. Also I can stress relief too.

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PE / Health class 10:00 12:00

Welcome Back to CHIST!!
First period - social distancing with Mr. Roberts
After this Health assignment - find an article that you choose about the Spresd of viral diseases. Please read it, attach it to the packet and give a summary ( a paragraph or two) of your opinion of the article and whAg you feel the article was discussing.
Please attach your summary to the padlet.
Thank you.

11:00-12:00. Use any app you like to do a workout you like. Hopefully nothing lying in the floor. Do it for about 20 min. Please write what you did on the padlet and/ or upload a photo,

If there  is time ‘Ballon Volleyball’ - try to just have contact with your balloon and not to touch other peoples as much as possible.
Thank you.
I’ll take photos ( just a few) do you don’t need to post anything for this part of the class, just for the Health section.

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This article is talking about the risk that animals can spread corona virus around.
So far there is only 2 reported cases that animal have corona virus, through this article, it shows that scientist are worried about animal can spread corona virus to people, animals are not like people, their every where, for example stray cat, stray dog and rat, these animal are all around the street, if people stay with these animal around 30 seconds, they will completely infected.
Also there is high chances that one species can spread virus to another species, which causes animal extinction and decrease animal population.
So government are working on to protect animal from corona virus and stop the spread of corona virus.

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Soon after the new coronavirus started spreading around the globe, reports emerged of cases in animals - pet cats in Hong Kong, tigers in a New York City zoo and mink on farms in the Netherlands. Now researchers are urgently trying to discover which species can catch the virus, and whether they can pass it to people.

So far, there have been only two reported cases of animals - both mink - passing the virus SARS-CoV-2 to people. At the moment, the chance of contracting the disease from an infected animal is negligible compared to the risk of catching it from an ill person, say researchers.

But as the numbers of infected people fall and restrictions on movement ease, infected animals might have the potential to spark new outbreaks. Researchers are calling for extensive sampling of pets, livestock and wildlife to improve understanding of the risk.

The virus could be spreading undetected in some animals that we don't know about, says Joanne Santini, a microbiologist at University College London. "We just don't have enough data," she says.

Several scientists worry that the virus could end up passing back and forth between animals and people. This could really frustrate efforts to control the pandemic, says Arjan Stegeman, a veterinary epidemiologist at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. "We need to take actions now to prevent that from happening," he says.

At-risk animals

Roughly a dozen animals are known to be susceptible to the virus. Several species, including pet dogs and cats, captive lions and tigers, and farmed mink, almost certainly caught the virus from people. That probably means that related canids, felids and mustelids - the group that includes mink, weasels, badgers, martens and wolverines - could also be susceptible, but so far, no one has checked, says Jürgen Richt, a veterinary virologist at Kansas State University in Manhattan.

Hamsters, rabbits and common marmosets are also susceptible, according to laboratory experiments in which the animals were deliberately infected. Experiments in pigs, ducks and chickens show that they are not susceptible, but there have been no studies of other livestock animals, such as cows, sheep and horses. "If SARS-CoV-2 becomes established in wildlife or other species that have close contact with livestock, then this increases the possibility for interspecies transmission," says Linda Saif, a virologist at the Ohio State University in Wooster.

More studies should assess the susceptibility of various species and whether they can infect other animals, says Richt. Cats, ferrets, hamsters and horseshoe bats were all able to pass the coronavirus to animals of the same species in the lab, and mink living in close quarters on Dutch farms have passed the infection between them.

But the fact that an animal can infect another of the same species doesn't necessarily mean that it can infect people, says Saif. To assess this risk, researchers need a better understanding of the amount of virus to which a person needs to be exposed before they get infected, she says.

Animals that shed large amounts of virus and come into close contact with people should be watched closely, says Martin Beer, a virologist at the Federal Research Institute for Animal Health in Riems, Germany.

Mink farms

The infections at Dutch mink farms suggest that some animals can infect people. At least two dozen mink at four farms in the province of North Brabant have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, with some developing pneumonia and dying.

Looking at genomes from mink and people at two farms, Stegeman and his colleagues found that people working with the animals had probably passed the virus to some of them, which spread it to other mink. The results were posted on bioRxiv on 18 May.

Further unpublished genomic analysis suggests that a person on one of the farms could have been infected by the mink, says Stegeman. That person seems to have gotten infected after starting to work with the animals, he says, so their infection probably came from the mink, rather than the other way around. The person's viral genome was also more closely related to those found in the mink than to sequences from other infected people in the Netherlands, including those living near the farm.

But Saif, who hasn't seen the genomes, says it is very difficult to prove direction of transmission. Finding closely related viruses, combined with other circumstantial evidence, such as the timeline of exposure and disease emergence can help, but "it will be challenging to directly prove animal-to-human," she says.

Still, the possibility should not be excluded, says Soren Alexandersen, director of the Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases in Australia. And the virus could be spreading undetected on other mink farms across Europe, North America and Asia, says Alexandersen.

Multiple hosts

It is not uncommon for pathogens to jump between species, making it difficult to control their spread. SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated in bats, but researchers do not know whether other animals were involved in its journey to people. The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus originated in pigs, jumped to people, spread worldwide and then passed back to pigs. The virus continues to circulate in the animals, where it has combined with other flu viruses to create new variants that have crossed over to people, says Stegeman.

Several scientists also worry that SARS-CoV-2 could jump back and forth between cats and people, because the animals often roam between households. Although cats can infect other felines, so far there have been no reports of cats infecting people.

Asisa Volz, a veterinary virologist at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover in Germany, plans to investigate whether cats spread the virus in a retirement home in Bavaria where residents separated from infected individuals still became ill. A cat there was found to have traces of RNA from the coronavirus, which suggests it could have been shedding virus as it roamed the facility. Volz and Beer will test the facility's cats for antibodies against the virus and study the chronology of events to see whether the felines were a source of infection.

Stegeman also plans to test cats living with people who have had COVID-19 in the Netherlands. If it turns out that cats can pass the virus to people, he says, it would become even more difficult to control the spread.

"The establishment of a pandemic virus in animal populations can be critical and should be always taken into consideration," says Beer.

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What's the risk that animals will spread the coronavirus?

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Researchers say there's an urgent need to find out whether animals can catch the virus and pass it to people. Researchers say there's an urgent need to find out whether animals can catch the virus and pass it to people.

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In this article, it says Viruses are small particles of genetic material that are surrounded by a protein coat.
Viruses can be transmitted in a variety of ways. Some viruses can spread through touch, saliva, or even the air.
Also,  viral infection is a proliferation of a harmful virus inside the body. Viruses cannot reproduce without the assistance of a host. Viruses infect a host by introducing their genetic material into the cells and hijacking the cell's internal machinery to make more virus particles.

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Viruses are small particles of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) that are surrounded by a protein coat. Some viruses also have a fatty "envelope" covering. They are incapable of reproducing on their own. Viruses depend on the organisms they infect (hosts) for their very survival. Viruses get a bad rap, but they also perform many important functions for humans, plants, animals, and the environment. For example, some viruses protect the host against other infections. Viruses also participate in the process of evolution by transferring genes among different species. In biomedical research, scientists use viruses to insert new genes into cells.

When most people hear the word "virus," they think of disease-causing (pathogenic) viruses such as the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV), SARS-CoV-2 and others. Viruses can affect many areas in the body, including the reproductive, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems. They can also affect the liver, brain, and skin. Research reveals that viruses are implicated in many cancers as well.

A viral infection is a proliferation of a harmful virus inside your body. Viruses cannot reproduce without the assistance of a host. Viruses infect a host by introducing their genetic material into the cells and hijacking the cell's internal machinery to make more virus particles. With an active viral infection, a virus makes copies of itself and bursts the host cell (killing it) to set the newly-formed virus particles free. In other cases, virus particles "bud" off the host cell over a period of time before killing the host cell. Either way, new virus particles are then free to infect other cells. Symptoms of the viral illness occur as a result of cell damage, tissue destruction, and the associated immune response.

Certain viruses -- like the ones that cause chickenpox and cold sores -- may be inactive or "latent" after the initial infection. For example, you may have a cold sore that erupts and then heals. The cold sore virus remains in your cells in a dormant state. Later, a trigger like stress, sunlight, or something else, may reactivate the virus and lead to new symptoms. The virus makes more copies of itself, releases new virus particles, and kills more host cells.

Are Viruses Alive?

Microbiologists still disagree. Those who say viruses are alive offer these reasons:

They make copies of themselves to regenerate.

They acquire energy (from their hosts).

Reasons some say viruses are not alive:

They have no cells (only protein coatings surrounding genetic material).

They don't reproduce by themselves; they need host cells.

And one thing still undecided-do viruses respond to their environment? It's hard to say. Some argue that they do not, while others say they do. It may depend on a person's own definition of "life."

Contagiousness refers to the ability of a virus to be transmitted from one person (or host) to another. Viral infections are contagious for varying periods of time depending on the virus. An incubation period refers to the time between exposure to a virus (or other pathogen) and the emergence of symptoms. The contagious period of a virus is not necessarily the same as the incubation period.

Viruses and bacteria are two types of potentially disease-causing (pathogenic) particles. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and can't reproduce without the assistance of a host. Bacteria are capable of reproducing on their own. The symptoms of viral and bacterial illnesses are sometimes similar. A doctor can determine the underlying cause of an illness based on the patient's symptoms and other factors. Lab tests may help clarify whether an illness is due to a virus, bacteria, or other infectious agent or disease process.
Note that the drawing of influenza virus is enlarged; most viruses are much smaller than bacteria.

Viruses can be transmitted in a variety of ways. Some viruses can spread through touch, saliva, or even the air. Other viruses can be transmitted through sexual contact or by sharing contaminated needles. Insects including ticks and mosquitoes can act as "vectors," transmitting a virus from one host to another. Contaminated food and water are other potential sources of viral infection.

Respiratory viral infections affect the lungs, nose, and throat. These viruses are most commonly spread by inhaling droplets containing virus particles. Examples include:

Rhinovirus is the virus that most often causes the common cold, but there are more than 200 different viruses that can cause colds. Cold symptoms like coughing, sneezing, mild headache, and sore throat typically last for up to 2 weeks.

Seasonal influenza is an illness that affects about 5% to 20% of the population in the US every year. More than 200,000 people per year are hospitalized annually in the US due to complications of the flu. Flu symptoms are more severe than cold symptoms and often include body aches and severe fatigue. The flu also tends to come on more suddenly than a cold.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an infection that can cause both upper respiratory infections (like colds) and lower respiratory infections (like pneumonia and bronchiolitis). It can be very severe in infants, small children, and elderly adults.

SARS-COV-2 is a respiratory coronavirus that causes COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 caused a global pandemic in 2020, shutting down schools, businesses, and public life in nations across the world, infecting millions of people and killing over 1 million worldwide and 210,000 in the US as of early Fall. The first reports of this virus came from Wuhan, China in Dec. 2019. Symptoms include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and pneumonia.

Frequent hand-washing, covering the nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding contact with infected individuals can all reduce the spread of respiratory infections. Disinfecting hard surfaces and not touching the eyes, nose, and mouth can help reduce transmission as well.

Wearing a mask when going out of your home and keeping away from groups of individuals inside buildings (social distancing - staying at least 6 feet apart from others) may decrease your chances of getting such viral infections as the flu and COVID-19.

Viral skin infections can range from mild to severe and often produce a rash. Examples of viral skin infections include:

Molluscum contagiosum causes small, flesh-colored bumps most often in children ages 1 to 10 years old; however, people of any age can acquire the virus. The bumps usually disappear without treatment, usually in 6 to 12 months.

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is the common virus that causes cold sores. It's transmitted through saliva by kissing or sharing food or drink with an infected individual. Sometimes, HSV-1 causes genital herpes. An estimated 85% of people in the US have HSV-1 by the time they are in their 60s.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes itchy, oozing blisters, fatigue, and high fever characteristic of chickenpox. The chickenpox vaccine is 98% effective at preventing infection. People who have had chickenpox (or in extremely rare instances, people who have received the chickenpox vaccine) are at risk for developing shingles, an illness caused by the same virus. Shingles can occur at any age, but it occurs most often in people age 60 or older.

The best way to avoid viral skin infections is to avoid skin-to-skin contact (especially areas that have a rash or sores) with an infected individual. Some viral skin infections, such as varicella-zoster virus, are also transmitted by an airborne route. Communal showers, swimming pools, and contaminated towels can also potentially harbor certain viruses.

Viruses are one of the most common causes of food poisoning. The symptoms of these infections vary depending on the virus involved.

Hepatitis A is a virus that affects the liver for a few weeks up to several months. Symptoms may include yellow skin, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Up to 15% of infected individuals experience recurrent illness within 6 months of infection.

Norovirus has been reported to be responsible for outbreaks of severe gastrointestinal illness that happen on cruise ships, but it causes disease in many situations and locations. About 20 million people in the U.S. become sick from these highly contagious viruses every year.

Rotavirus causes severe, watery diarrhea that can lead to dehydration. Anyone can get rotavirus, but the illness occurs most often in babies and young children.

Rotaviruses and noroviruses are responsible for many (but not all) cases of viral gastroenteritis, which causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines. People may use the terms "stomach virus" or "stomach flu" to refer to viral gastroenteritis, which causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

It's not pleasant to think about it, but foodborne viral illnesses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route. This means that a person gets the virus by ingesting virus particles that were shed through the feces of an infected person. Someone with this type of virus who doesn't wash their hands after using the restroom can transfer the virus to others by shaking hands, preparing food, or touching hard surfaces. Contaminated water is another potential source of infection.

Sexually transmitted viral infections spread through contact with bodily fluids. Some sexually transmitted infections can also be transmitted via the blood (blood-borne transmission).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually-transmitted infection in the US. There are many different types of HPV. Some cause genital warts while others increase the risk of cervical cancer. Vaccination can protect against cancer-causing strains of HPV.

Hepatitis B is a virus that causes inflammation in the liver. It's transmitted through contaminated blood and bodily fluids. Some people with the virus don't have any symptoms while others feel like they have the flu. The hepatitis B vaccine is more than 90% effective at preventing infection.

Genital herpes is a common sexually-transmitted infection caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the virus responsible for cold sores, can also sometimes cause genital herpes. There's no cure for genital herpes. Painful sores often recur during outbreaks. Antiviral medications can decrease both the number and length of outbreaks.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that affects certain types of T cells of the immune system. Progression of the infection decreases the body's ability to fight disease and infection, leading to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is transmitted by contacting blood or bodily fluids of an infected person.

People can reduce the risk of getting a sexually-transmitted viral infection by abstaining from sex or only having sex while in a monogamous relationship with someone who does not have a sexually-transmitted infection. Using a condom decreases, but doesn't entirely eliminate, the risk of acquiring a sexually-transmitted infection. Minimizing the number of sexual partners and avoiding intravenous drug use are other ways to reduce the risk of acquiring sexually-transmitted and bloodborne viral infections.

Viruses are abundant in the world and cause many other infections ranging from mild to life-threatening.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a type of herpes virus that's associated with fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and an enlarged spleen. EBV is a very common virus that causes mononucleosis ("mono"). More than 90% of adults have been infected with this "kissing disease" that is spread primarily through saliva.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus that's most commonly transmitted by infected mosquitos. Most people (70% to 80%) with WNV don't have any symptoms while others develop a fever, headache, and other symptoms. Less than 1% of people with WNV develop inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or inflammation of the tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meningitis).

Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord that causes headache, fever, stiff neck, and other symptoms. Many viruses can cause viral meningitis, but a group of viruses called enteroviruses are most often to blame.

Many viral infections resolve on their own without treatment. Other times, treatment of viral infections focuses on symptom relief, not fighting the virus. For example, cold medicine helps alleviate the pain and congestion associated with the cold, but it doesn't act directly on the cold virus.

There are some medications that work directly on viruses. These are called antiviral medications. They work by inhibiting the production of virus particles. Some interfere with the production of viral DNA. Others prevent viruses from entering host cells. There are other ways in which these medications work. In general, antiviral medications are most effective when they're taken early on in the course of an initial viral infection or a recurrent outbreak. Different kinds of antiviral medications may be used to treat chickenpox, shingles, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and influenza.

Viruses insert themselves into host cell DNA in order to make more virus particles. Cancer is a disease that occurs as the result of mutations or alterations to DNA. Because viruses affect the DNA of host cells, viruses are known to contribute to several different types of cancer. Viruses known to increase the risk of cancer include:

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) for nasopharyngeal cancer, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and stomach cancer

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C for liver cancer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for Kaposi sarcoma, invasive cervical cancer, lymphomas, and other cancers

Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) for T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)

Human papilloma virus (HPV) for cervical cancer

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) for a rare skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma

Vaccines can reduce the risk of acquiring some viral illnesses. Vaccines are available to help protect against the flu, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, herpes zoster (shingles), cancer-causing strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), polio, rabies, rotavirus, and other viruses.

Vaccines vary in effectiveness and in the number of doses required to confer protection. Some vaccines require booster shots to maintain immunity.

Sources:
IMAGES PROVIDED BY:

1. iStockPhoto

2. iStockPhoto
MedicineNet

3. iStockPhoto

4. Mariana Ruiz Villarreal / BigStock

5. iStockPhoto
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6. iStockPhoto
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MedicineNet

7. E van Herk from NL
iStockPhoto
BigStock

8. iStockPhoto

9. iStockPhoto
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George Chernilevsky
CDC / C. Goldsmith
CDC / Dr. Erskine Palmer

10. CDC / P.E. Rollin / Cynthia Goldsmith
CDC / Ed Uthman, MD
iStockPhoto
MedicineNet

11. iStockPhoto

12. iStockPhoto
Analytical Imaging Facility at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine
National Institutes of Health (NIH)

13. iStockPhoto

REFERENCES:

AIDS.gov: "Overview of HIV Treatments."

Alberts, B., et al. "Introductions to Pathogens." Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition. 2002.

American Cancer Society: "Viruses."

American Society for Microbiology. Microbe World: "Viruses."

CDC: "About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)," "Chickenpox (Varicella)," "Common Cold and Runny Nose," "Genital Herpes -- CDC Fact Sheet," "Glossary of Epidemiology Terms," "Hepatitis B FAQs for the Public," "HIV/AIDS," "Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians," "Molluscum (Molluscum Contagiosum)," "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV)," "Seasonal Influenza: Flu Basics," "Seasonal Influenza Q&A," "Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)," "Shingles (Herpes Zoster)," "U.S. Vaccines 2012," "Viral Meningitis," "West Nile Virus."

FoodSafety.gov: "Bacteria and Viruses."

Janniger, C. K., et al. "Herpes Zoster Treatment & Management." Medscape. 28 Apr. 2014.

Kimberlin, D. W. and R. J. Whitley. "Antiviral Therapy of HSV-1 and -2." Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.

Lodish, H., et al. "Viruses: Structure, Function, and Uses." Molecular Cell Biology. 4th Edition. 2000.

Microbiology Online: "Routes of Transmission."

NHS Choices: "What Are the Incubation Periods For Infections?"

Pyrsopoulos, N. T., et al. "Hepatitis B Treatment & Management." Medscape. 7 Oct. 2013.

Roossinck, M. J. "The Good Viruses: Viral Mutualistic Symbiosis." Nature Reviews Microbiology 9.2 (2011): 99-108.

University of Maryland Medical Center: "Herpes Simplex Virus."

University of Rochester Medical Center: "Is It a Virus or a Bacterium? Know the Difference."

Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource: "SARS-CoV-2."

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viral infections virus bacteria contagious respiratory foodborne food borne sexually transmitted influenza herpes hepatitis hiv pictures slideshow

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What's a Virus? Viral Infection Types, Symptoms, Treatment

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Is a virus alive? Learn the definition of a virus. Viral infections like COVID-19 can occur in your eyes, mouth, skin, or anywhere else. Should you use antibiotics to treat the flu? Is this STD a bacterium or a virus? Get the answers to the most common questions about viral infections.

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This article is about the many types of virus but not all of them are infection diseases. I think the reason why the article was discussed because right now the world need to know about virus and it is also useful. (I think).

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Viruses are very small infectious agents. They're made up of a piece of genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, that's enclosed in a coat of protein.

Viruses invade cells in your body and use components of those cells to help them multiply. This process often damages or destroys infected cells.

A viral disease is any illness or health condition caused by a virus. Read on to learn more about some of the main types of viral diseases:

Not all viral diseases are contagious. This means they aren't always spread from person to person. But many of them are. Common examples of contagious viral diseases include the flu, the common cold, HIV, and herpes.

Other types of viral diseases spread through other means, such as the bite of an infected insect.

Respiratory viral diseases are contagious and commonly affect the upper or lower parts of your respiratory tract.

Common symptoms of a respiratory viral disease include:

Examples

Examples of respiratory diseases include:

Transmission

Respiratory viruses are spread by droplets generated through coughing or sneezing. If someone with a viral illness coughs or sneezes nearby and you inhale these droplets, you may develop the disease.

These viruses can also be spread through contaminated objects, such as doorknobs, tabletops, and personal items. If you touch one of these objects and then touch your nose or eyes, you could develop a disease.

Treatment

Respiratory viral diseases usually heal on their own. But over-the-counter (OTC) medications, including nasal decongestants, cough suppressants, and pain relievers, can help to reduce symptoms.

In addition, Tamiflu, an antiviral drug, is sometimes prescribed if someone is in the very early stages of developing the flu.

Prevention

The best way to avoid respiratory viral diseases is to practice good personal hygiene. Wash your hands often, cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze, and limit your interactions with people who show symptoms of a respiratory condition.

There's also a vaccine that can help to reduce your risk of getting the seasonal flu.

Gastrointestinal viral diseases affect your digestive tract. The viruses that cause them are contagious and usually lead to a condition called gastroenteritis, also called the stomach flu.

Common symptoms of gastrointestinal viral diseases include:

Examples

Examples of gastrointestinal viral diseases include:

Transmission

Gastrointestinal viruses are shed in the stool during bowel movements. Food or water that's been contaminated by feces can spread the virus to others. You can also get the virus from sharing utensils or personal objects with someone who has a virus.

Treatment

There aren't any treatments for gastrointestinal viral diseases. In many cases, they resolve on their own within a day or two. In the meantime, drink plenty of fluids to replace those lost from diarrhea or vomiting.

Prevention

You can prevent gastrointestinal viral diseases by washing your hands often, especially after using the bathroom. Wiping down contaminated surfaces and not sharing personal items or eating utensils can also help.

There's also a vaccine for rotavirus that's recommended as part of a child's vaccination schedule.

Exanthematous viruses cause skin rashes. Many of them cause additional symptoms as well.

Many of the viruses in this category, such as the measles virus, are highly contagious.

Examples

Examples of exanthematous viral diseases include:

Transmission

Many exanthematous viruses are spread through respiratory droplets from the cough or sneeze of someone with the virus.

Other exanthematous viral diseases, such as chickenpox and smallpox, can be transmitted by coming into contact with fluid in broken skin lesions.

Shingles only occurs in people who've had chickenpox at some point. It's a reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus that's been lying dormant in your cells.

Chikungunya virus is spread through a mosquito bite and cannot be transmitted from person to person.

Treatment

Treating exanthematous viral diseases focuses on managing symptoms. Fever-reducing medications, such as acetaminophen, can help with some of the more bothersome symptoms.

Antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, may be given for chickenpox or shingles.

Prevention

Measles, rubella, chickenpox, shingles, and smallpox can all be prevented through vaccination. You can reduce your risk of a chikungunya virus infection by protecting yourself from mosquito bites.
Learn more about viral rashes.
The hepatic viral diseases cause inflammation of the liver, known as viral hepatitis. The most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A, B, and C.

It is worth noting that diseases caused by other viruses, such as cytomegalovirus and the yellow fever virus, can also affect the liver.

Examples

Examples of hepatic viral diseases include:

Many neurologic viruses are spread through the bite of an infected animal or bug, such as a mosquito or tick.

Other viruses, such poliovirus and other enteroviruses, are quite contagious and spread through close contact with someone with the virus. Contaminated objects can also contribute to the spread of these viruses.

Treatment

There's no specific treatment for people with mild viral meningitis or encephalitis. Getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, and taking OTC anti-inflammatories to ease pain or headaches can all help. In some cases, antiviral medication may be prescribed.

Polio or severe cases of meningitis or encephalitis may require additional treatment, such as breathing assistance or IV fluids.

If an animal that's suspected to have the rabies virus bites you, you'll be given a series of shots to help prevent the rabies virus from infecting you.

Prevention

There's a vaccine for both poliovirus and the mumps virus, which can cause meningitis and encephalitis.

Practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with those who have the virus, and protecting against insect bites can all help to reduce the spread of encephalitis and meningitis.

To reduce the risk of spreading rabies, keep your pets vaccinated and avoid approaching wild animals.

Cutaneous viral diseases cause lesions or papules to form on the skin. In many cases, these lesions can stick around for a long time or come back after disappearing for a while.

Examples

Examples of cutaneous viral diseases include:

Hemorrhagic viral diseases are severe conditions that involve damage to your circulatory system.

Symptoms of a hemorrhagic viral disease include:

high fever

body aches

weakness

bleeding under the skin

bleeding from the mouth or ears

bleeding in internal organs

Examples

Examples of viral hemorrhagic diseases include:

Transmission

Some hemorrhagic viral diseases, such as dengue fever and yellow fever, are spread through the bite of an infected insect.

Others, such as Ebola, are spread to other people through contact with the blood or other bodily fluid of someone with the virus. Lassa fever is spread through inhaling or consuming the dried feces or urine of a rodent with the virus.

Treatment

There's no specific treatment for hemorrhagic viral diseases.

It's important to stay hydrated if you have a viral hemorrhagic disease. Some people may need intravenous (IV) fluids to maintain electrolyte balance. Supportive care to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance is essential. In some cases, the antiviral drug ribavirin may be given.

Prevention

Researchers are in the process of developing vaccines for several hemorrhagic viruses. A yellow fever vaccine is currently available for people traveling to areas where yellow fever is common.

If you live or work in an area where viral hemorrhagic diseases are common, you can do the following to reduce your risk:

Use proper protection, such as gloves, glasses, or a face shield, when working around people who have a virus.

Avoid being bitten by insects, especially mosquitos and ticks, by wearing protective clothing or using insect repellent.

Protect against rodent infestation by keeping food covered, removing garbage often, and making sure windows and doors are secured properly.

Some viruses can infect the brain and surrounding tissues, causing neurologic viral diseases. This can result in a range of symptoms, including:

Examples

Examples of neurologic viral diseases include:

There are many viral diseases. Some, such as the common cold or the stomach flu, are minor and go away on their own within a few days. Others, however, are more serious.

Unlike bacterial infections, viral diseases don't respond to antibiotics. Instead, treatment usually focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the immune system with plenty of rest and hydration.

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Viral Diseases: List of Types & Contagiousness, Treatment, Preven

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A viral disease is any condition that's caused by a virus. There are several types of viral disease, depending on the underlying virus. We'll go over some of the main types, including how they're spread, treated, and prevented. We'll also list examples of each type of viral disease.

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This article explains what is virus, symptoms, causes, and many ways to be infected.

Viral diseases are extremely widespread infections that are caused by viruses, which are small type of microorganism. The most common viral disease is cold. which is caused by respiratory problem. (Examples of other viral diseases : flu, chickenpox, shingles, and mumps.

Symptoms depend on what viral disease is. The most common symptoms are sneezing, stuffy nose, irritability, and fever.

Viral infections occur when a virus enters the body and invades other the body cells to reproduce.

There are variety of ways to be infected to viruses. Being bitten by animals, breathing air that contains virus, and touching surfaces of materials which contain virus.

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Treatment of viral infections varies depending on the specific virus and other factors. General treatment measures are aimed at relieving your symptoms so that you can get the rest you need to keep up your strength and recover without developing complications.

General treatments for viral infections include:

Depending on the type of viral infection and the presence of complications, a wide variety of other treatments may be needed. For example, a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection that leads to cervical dysplasia can be treated by surgical removal of the abnormal cells on a woman's cervix.
In general, it is recommended that children younger than age six not use cold or cough medications because of the risk for serious side effects. In addition, people with a viral disease should not use aspirin or products that contain aspirin because of the risk of developing a rare but life-threatening condition called Reye syndrome. Reye syndrome has been linked to taking aspirin during a viral illness, such as a cold or the flu.

In some cases, certain medications may be prescribed to treat viral diseases:

Antiretroviral medications, which can help people with HIV/AIDS lead longer lives. Antiretroviral medications hinder the ability of HIV to reproduce, which slows the spread of HIV in the body.

Antiviral drugs, which minimize the severity and length of some viral infections, such as the flu and shingles, especially in people who are at a high risk for serious complications. For example, the drugs oseltamivir (brand name Tamiflu) and zanamivir (brand name Relenza) may be prescribed for some cases of flu. These drugs are not appropriate for all people with the flu.

Antibiotics, which are not prescribed for viral diseases because they are ineffective in the treatment of viral infections, may be prescribed if a person with a viral disease develops a secondary bacterial infection, such as bacterial pneumonia, bacterial bronchitis, or encephalitis.

Complementary and traditional treatments will not cure a viral disease but may help to increase comfort, promote rest, and minimize symptoms of viral diseases. Some possible treatments include:

Chicken soup to help break up congestion and provide easy-to-digest nutrients and extra fluids to help keep up strength

Supplements or products that contain vitamin C, echinacea, or zinc

Using a vaporizer

Using mentholated ointments on the chest

In some people, viral diseases can break down the body's defenses and lead to more serious infections and life-threatening complications. Therefore, it is important to visit your health care provider when you have symptoms of a viral infection. Once the underlying infection has been determined, following the treatment plan outlined by your health care provider can help reduce any potential complications including:

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Treatment of viral infections varies depending on the specific virus and other factors. General treatment measures are aimed at relieving your symptoms so that you can get the rest you need to keep up your strength and recover without developing complications.

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This article is about explaining what is Viral Infection and virus. Virus are small particles of genetic materials for example DNA. Viral infection is a proliferation of a harmful virus inside the body.

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Viruses are small particles of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) that are surrounded by a protein coat. Some viruses also have a fatty "envelope" covering. They are incapable of reproducing on their own. Viruses depend on the organisms they infect (hosts) for their very survival. Viruses get a bad rap, but they also perform many important functions for humans, plants, animals, and the environment. For example, some viruses protect the host against other infections. Viruses also participate in the process of evolution by transferring genes among different species. In biomedical research, scientists use viruses to insert new genes into cells.

When most people hear the word "virus," they think of disease-causing (pathogenic) viruses such as the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV), SARS-CoV-2 and others. Viruses can affect many areas in the body, including the reproductive, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems. They can also affect the liver, brain, and skin. Research reveals that viruses are implicated in many cancers as well.

A viral infection is a proliferation of a harmful virus inside your body. Viruses cannot reproduce without the assistance of a host. Viruses infect a host by introducing their genetic material into the cells and hijacking the cell's internal machinery to make more virus particles. With an active viral infection, a virus makes copies of itself and bursts the host cell (killing it) to set the newly-formed virus particles free. In other cases, virus particles "bud" off the host cell over a period of time before killing the host cell. Either way, new virus particles are then free to infect other cells. Symptoms of the viral illness occur as a result of cell damage, tissue destruction, and the associated immune response.

Certain viruses -- like the ones that cause chickenpox and cold sores -- may be inactive or "latent" after the initial infection. For example, you may have a cold sore that erupts and then heals. The cold sore virus remains in your cells in a dormant state. Later, a trigger like stress, sunlight, or something else, may reactivate the virus and lead to new symptoms. The virus makes more copies of itself, releases new virus particles, and kills more host cells.

Are Viruses Alive?

Microbiologists still disagree. Those who say viruses are alive offer these reasons:

They make copies of themselves to regenerate.

They acquire energy (from their hosts).

Reasons some say viruses are not alive:

They have no cells (only protein coatings surrounding genetic material).

They don't reproduce by themselves; they need host cells.

And one thing still undecided-do viruses respond to their environment? It's hard to say. Some argue that they do not, while others say they do. It may depend on a person's own definition of "life."

Contagiousness refers to the ability of a virus to be transmitted from one person (or host) to another. Viral infections are contagious for varying periods of time depending on the virus. An incubation period refers to the time between exposure to a virus (or other pathogen) and the emergence of symptoms. The contagious period of a virus is not necessarily the same as the incubation period.

Viruses and bacteria are two types of potentially disease-causing (pathogenic) particles. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and can't reproduce without the assistance of a host. Bacteria are capable of reproducing on their own. The symptoms of viral and bacterial illnesses are sometimes similar. A doctor can determine the underlying cause of an illness based on the patient's symptoms and other factors. Lab tests may help clarify whether an illness is due to a virus, bacteria, or other infectious agent or disease process.
Note that the drawing of influenza virus is enlarged; most viruses are much smaller than bacteria.

Viruses can be transmitted in a variety of ways. Some viruses can spread through touch, saliva, or even the air. Other viruses can be transmitted through sexual contact or by sharing contaminated needles. Insects including ticks and mosquitoes can act as "vectors," transmitting a virus from one host to another. Contaminated food and water are other potential sources of viral infection.

Respiratory viral infections affect the lungs, nose, and throat. These viruses are most commonly spread by inhaling droplets containing virus particles. Examples include:

Rhinovirus is the virus that most often causes the common cold, but there are more than 200 different viruses that can cause colds. Cold symptoms like coughing, sneezing, mild headache, and sore throat typically last for up to 2 weeks.

Seasonal influenza is an illness that affects about 5% to 20% of the population in the US every year. More than 200,000 people per year are hospitalized annually in the US due to complications of the flu. Flu symptoms are more severe than cold symptoms and often include body aches and severe fatigue. The flu also tends to come on more suddenly than a cold.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an infection that can cause both upper respiratory infections (like colds) and lower respiratory infections (like pneumonia and bronchiolitis). It can be very severe in infants, small children, and elderly adults.

SARS-COV-2 is a respiratory coronavirus that causes COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 caused a global pandemic in 2020, shutting down schools, businesses, and public life in nations across the world, infecting millions of people and killing over 1 million worldwide and 210,000 in the US as of early Fall. The first reports of this virus came from Wuhan, China in Dec. 2019. Symptoms include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and pneumonia.

Frequent hand-washing, covering the nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding contact with infected individuals can all reduce the spread of respiratory infections. Disinfecting hard surfaces and not touching the eyes, nose, and mouth can help reduce transmission as well.

Wearing a mask when going out of your home and keeping away from groups of individuals inside buildings (social distancing - staying at least 6 feet apart from others) may decrease your chances of getting such viral infections as the flu and COVID-19.

Viral skin infections can range from mild to severe and often produce a rash. Examples of viral skin infections include:

Molluscum contagiosum causes small, flesh-colored bumps most often in children ages 1 to 10 years old; however, people of any age can acquire the virus. The bumps usually disappear without treatment, usually in 6 to 12 months.

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is the common virus that causes cold sores. It's transmitted through saliva by kissing or sharing food or drink with an infected individual. Sometimes, HSV-1 causes genital herpes. An estimated 85% of people in the US have HSV-1 by the time they are in their 60s.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes itchy, oozing blisters, fatigue, and high fever characteristic of chickenpox. The chickenpox vaccine is 98% effective at preventing infection. People who have had chickenpox (or in extremely rare instances, people who have received the chickenpox vaccine) are at risk for developing shingles, an illness caused by the same virus. Shingles can occur at any age, but it occurs most often in people age 60 or older.

The best way to avoid viral skin infections is to avoid skin-to-skin contact (especially areas that have a rash or sores) with an infected individual. Some viral skin infections, such as varicella-zoster virus, are also transmitted by an airborne route. Communal showers, swimming pools, and contaminated towels can also potentially harbor certain viruses.

Viruses are one of the most common causes of food poisoning. The symptoms of these infections vary depending on the virus involved.

Hepatitis A is a virus that affects the liver for a few weeks up to several months. Symptoms may include yellow skin, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Up to 15% of infected individuals experience recurrent illness within 6 months of infection.

Norovirus has been reported to be responsible for outbreaks of severe gastrointestinal illness that happen on cruise ships, but it causes disease in many situations and locations. About 20 million people in the U.S. become sick from these highly contagious viruses every year.

Rotavirus causes severe, watery diarrhea that can lead to dehydration. Anyone can get rotavirus, but the illness occurs most often in babies and young children.

Rotaviruses and noroviruses are responsible for many (but not all) cases of viral gastroenteritis, which causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines. People may use the terms "stomach virus" or "stomach flu" to refer to viral gastroenteritis, which causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

It's not pleasant to think about it, but foodborne viral illnesses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route. This means that a person gets the virus by ingesting virus particles that were shed through the feces of an infected person. Someone with this type of virus who doesn't wash their hands after using the restroom can transfer the virus to others by shaking hands, preparing food, or touching hard surfaces. Contaminated water is another potential source of infection.

Sexually transmitted viral infections spread through contact with bodily fluids. Some sexually transmitted infections can also be transmitted via the blood (blood-borne transmission).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually-transmitted infection in the US. There are many different types of HPV. Some cause genital warts while others increase the risk of cervical cancer. Vaccination can protect against cancer-causing strains of HPV.

Hepatitis B is a virus that causes inflammation in the liver. It's transmitted through contaminated blood and bodily fluids. Some people with the virus don't have any symptoms while others feel like they have the flu. The hepatitis B vaccine is more than 90% effective at preventing infection.

Genital herpes is a common sexually-transmitted infection caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the virus responsible for cold sores, can also sometimes cause genital herpes. There's no cure for genital herpes. Painful sores often recur during outbreaks. Antiviral medications can decrease both the number and length of outbreaks.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that affects certain types of T cells of the immune system. Progression of the infection decreases the body's ability to fight disease and infection, leading to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is transmitted by contacting blood or bodily fluids of an infected person.

People can reduce the risk of getting a sexually-transmitted viral infection by abstaining from sex or only having sex while in a monogamous relationship with someone who does not have a sexually-transmitted infection. Using a condom decreases, but doesn't entirely eliminate, the risk of acquiring a sexually-transmitted infection. Minimizing the number of sexual partners and avoiding intravenous drug use are other ways to reduce the risk of acquiring sexually-transmitted and bloodborne viral infections.

Viruses are abundant in the world and cause many other infections ranging from mild to life-threatening.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a type of herpes virus that's associated with fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and an enlarged spleen. EBV is a very common virus that causes mononucleosis ("mono"). More than 90% of adults have been infected with this "kissing disease" that is spread primarily through saliva.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus that's most commonly transmitted by infected mosquitos. Most people (70% to 80%) with WNV don't have any symptoms while others develop a fever, headache, and other symptoms. Less than 1% of people with WNV develop inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or inflammation of the tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meningitis).

Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord that causes headache, fever, stiff neck, and other symptoms. Many viruses can cause viral meningitis, but a group of viruses called enteroviruses are most often to blame.

Many viral infections resolve on their own without treatment. Other times, treatment of viral infections focuses on symptom relief, not fighting the virus. For example, cold medicine helps alleviate the pain and congestion associated with the cold, but it doesn't act directly on the cold virus.

There are some medications that work directly on viruses. These are called antiviral medications. They work by inhibiting the production of virus particles. Some interfere with the production of viral DNA. Others prevent viruses from entering host cells. There are other ways in which these medications work. In general, antiviral medications are most effective when they're taken early on in the course of an initial viral infection or a recurrent outbreak. Different kinds of antiviral medications may be used to treat chickenpox, shingles, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and influenza.

Viruses insert themselves into host cell DNA in order to make more virus particles. Cancer is a disease that occurs as the result of mutations or alterations to DNA. Because viruses affect the DNA of host cells, viruses are known to contribute to several different types of cancer. Viruses known to increase the risk of cancer include:

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) for nasopharyngeal cancer, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and stomach cancer

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C for liver cancer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for Kaposi sarcoma, invasive cervical cancer, lymphomas, and other cancers

Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) for T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)

Human papilloma virus (HPV) for cervical cancer

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) for a rare skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma

Vaccines can reduce the risk of acquiring some viral illnesses. Vaccines are available to help protect against the flu, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, herpes zoster (shingles), cancer-causing strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), polio, rabies, rotavirus, and other viruses.

Vaccines vary in effectiveness and in the number of doses required to confer protection. Some vaccines require booster shots to maintain immunity.

Sources:
IMAGES PROVIDED BY:

1. iStockPhoto

2. iStockPhoto
MedicineNet

3. iStockPhoto

4. Mariana Ruiz Villarreal / BigStock

5. iStockPhoto
Getty Images

6. iStockPhoto
Getty Images
MedicineNet

7. E van Herk from NL
iStockPhoto
BigStock

8. iStockPhoto

9. iStockPhoto
NIH-Visuals
George Chernilevsky
CDC / C. Goldsmith
CDC / Dr. Erskine Palmer

10. CDC / P.E. Rollin / Cynthia Goldsmith
CDC / Ed Uthman, MD
iStockPhoto
MedicineNet

11. iStockPhoto

12. iStockPhoto
Analytical Imaging Facility at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine
National Institutes of Health (NIH)

13. iStockPhoto

REFERENCES:

AIDS.gov: "Overview of HIV Treatments."

Alberts, B., et al. "Introductions to Pathogens." Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition. 2002.

American Cancer Society: "Viruses."

American Society for Microbiology. Microbe World: "Viruses."

CDC: "About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)," "Chickenpox (Varicella)," "Common Cold and Runny Nose," "Genital Herpes -- CDC Fact Sheet," "Glossary of Epidemiology Terms," "Hepatitis B FAQs for the Public," "HIV/AIDS," "Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians," "Molluscum (Molluscum Contagiosum)," "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV)," "Seasonal Influenza: Flu Basics," "Seasonal Influenza Q&A," "Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)," "Shingles (Herpes Zoster)," "U.S. Vaccines 2012," "Viral Meningitis," "West Nile Virus."

FoodSafety.gov: "Bacteria and Viruses."

Janniger, C. K., et al. "Herpes Zoster Treatment & Management." Medscape. 28 Apr. 2014.

Kimberlin, D. W. and R. J. Whitley. "Antiviral Therapy of HSV-1 and -2." Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.

Lodish, H., et al. "Viruses: Structure, Function, and Uses." Molecular Cell Biology. 4th Edition. 2000.

Microbiology Online: "Routes of Transmission."

NHS Choices: "What Are the Incubation Periods For Infections?"

Pyrsopoulos, N. T., et al. "Hepatitis B Treatment & Management." Medscape. 7 Oct. 2013.

Roossinck, M. J. "The Good Viruses: Viral Mutualistic Symbiosis." Nature Reviews Microbiology 9.2 (2011): 99-108.

University of Maryland Medical Center: "Herpes Simplex Virus."

University of Rochester Medical Center: "Is It a Virus or a Bacterium? Know the Difference."

Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource: "SARS-CoV-2."

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viral infections virus bacteria contagious respiratory foodborne food borne sexually transmitted influenza herpes hepatitis hiv pictures slideshow

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What's a Virus? Viral Infection Types, Symptoms, Treatment

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Is a virus alive? Learn the definition of a virus. Viral infections like COVID-19 can occur in your eyes, mouth, skin, or anywhere else. Should you use antibiotics to treat the flu? Is this STD a bacterium or a virus? Get the answers to the most common questions about viral infections.

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Scot land was a very safe place in the begging of the virus. It gibed around 113 instructions. But they still got a lot of people who have virus. Because when they think some country don't have any patient so it will be ok and there will be airplane go throw. After that the country which wasn't danger got a lot of patient so the virus spread to scot land

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A new report has shed light on how coronavirus first spread across Scotland, with suggestions the virus could have been spreading in the community before the first cases were confirmed.

What does the new study tell us about how Scotland's Covid-19 outbreak began, and how could the findings help to control future outbreaks?

Coronavirus 'in Scotland earlier than thought'

International travel

The new report was put together by a group of Scottish academics and scientists.

They studied the genetic sequence of the virus from 452 of Scotland's first confirmed Covid-19 patients, and matched them up to strains that were circulating in other countries.

They said there had been "at least 113" introductions of the virus into Scotland during the early stages of the pandemic, and that travel to Europe was "a clear driver of the Scottish outbreak".

Early patients were found to have strains of the virus closely related to those circulating in countries including Italy, Austria and Spain - at this point, many patients had recently travelled to these countries. There were comparatively few direct links to China and south-east Asia, where the pandemic originated.

By the time travel restrictions and advice to quarantine on returning from virus hotspots had been issued, it was already too late - the virus was already spreading rapidly within the community.

The first confirmed case of Covid-19 in Scotland was a man from Tayside who had been to a rugby match in Italy in mid-February. Within three days, the first case of someone who had not been abroad was confirmed - community transmission was already taking place.

Emma Thomson, professor of infection diseases at the MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, said the evidence indicated there had been "earlier introduction to Scotland and community spread before the first detected case".

She added: "It is possible an earlier lockdown from countries with a high burden of cases, such as Italy, and other measures such as quarantine of travellers from high-risk areas, might have prevented escalation of the outbreak and multiple clusters of ongoing community transmission."

Community transmission

The study suggests that coronavirus quickly took hold in Scotland and began spreading between people who had not been abroad.

The authors said there was a "dramatic shift" from cases associated with travel to "sustained community transmission" within 10 days of the first detected case.

The study highlighted four early "clusters" of the virus in Scotland. One, in Shetland, was linked to people who had travelled back from Italy. Another, in the Greater Glasgow area, was linked to travel from Spain.

However, a "large" outbreak was recorded across the central belt from 13 March onwards without any apparent foreign links, while another was detected at a care home which was "not associated with any known travel".

The authors said that "community transmission was quickly established in Scotland, well before the introduction of 'lockdown' countermeasures on 23 March".

The Nike conference

One of the first virus outbreaks in Scotland occurred at an international conference in Edinburgh by sportswear giant Nike.

The conference was held on 26 and 27 February - days before Scotland's first case of the virus was confirmed - and led to "multiple local cases".

The effect of this outbreak within the UK seems to have been contained within a month, with the last case linked to it occurring on 27 March. The Scottish government highlighted a passage of the report saying that "the local public health response to this event may have been effective and [it] did not account for the majority of cases in Scotland".

However, the authors also said the geographic spread of this outbreak was "striking", spanning four continents and 10 countries from Ecuador to Australia.

They said: "The role of this event in dispersing the virus locally and internationally - before a single case had been identified in Scotland - demonstrates that governments should be wary of prematurely relaxing restrictions on large gathering and international travel."

Vaccine 'should be possible'

One of the scientists involved in the study, Prof Emma Thomson, told the BBC's Good Morning Scotland programme that she believed there was a "good chance" a vaccine would be found.

She said: "One of the reasons why we struggle for flu, and why we have to vaccinate every year for flu, is because it's so variable.

"This virus doesn't seem to be anything like as variable as that. I think there's a good chance we'll get a vaccine that might work."

Prof Thomson also said the virus "does not look man-made" and appeared to have evolved naturally, most likely from bats.

She added: "If a virus is man-made you might expect to see bits of it that would contain pieces of known virus, for example, and that wasn't the case with this virus.

"So there is no evidence to suggest that it is man-made."

What does the Scottish government say?

The authors say the study of the virus is "ongoing work" and the report has not yet been peer reviewed.

While interim chief medical officer Gregor Smith highlighted the "cutting edge" report at the government's daily coronavirus briefing on Tuesday, he said it was "really important we are careful" about drawing conclusions from it.

He said while there could have been some cases apparent in Scotland in February, "the reality is they're likely to have been very few in number".

First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said "none of the broader evidence" she had looked at suggested there had been a sharp rise in "excess" deaths above the historical average at that point.

She said: "If you look at hospital admissions, intensive care admissions and deaths, the increase and the spike of all these came from sort of late March through to April, so there is no indication from all of that data that there was a significant issue in February."

However, she said her government would continue to study the data and learn any lessons which could be drawn from it going forward.

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How did coronavirus spread across Scotland?

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A new report has shed light on how coronavirus first spread across Scotland, with suggestions the virus could have been spreading in the community before the first cases were confirmed. What does the new study tell us about how Scotland's Covid-19 outbreak began, and how could the findings help to control future outbreaks?

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According to this article, Viruses are bits of genetic material coated in a layer of protein.

Viruses are considered terrible for the body when in fact, a lot of them don't affect the body and can even help it in some ways.

Viruses can affect almost all parts of the body including but not limited to: The brain, heart, lungs, liver, and skin.

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Viruses are small particles of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) that are surrounded by a protein coat. Some viruses also have a fatty "envelope" covering. They are incapable of reproducing on their own. Viruses depend on the organisms they infect (hosts) for their very survival. Viruses get a bad rap, but they also perform many important functions for humans, plants, animals, and the environment. For example, some viruses protect the host against other infections. Viruses also participate in the process of evolution by transferring genes among different species. In biomedical research, scientists use viruses to insert new genes into cells.

When most people hear the word "virus," they think of disease-causing (pathogenic) viruses such as the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV), SARS-CoV-2 and others. Viruses can affect many areas in the body, including the reproductive, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems. They can also affect the liver, brain, and skin. Research reveals that viruses are implicated in many cancers as well.

A viral infection is a proliferation of a harmful virus inside your body. Viruses cannot reproduce without the assistance of a host. Viruses infect a host by introducing their genetic material into the cells and hijacking the cell's internal machinery to make more virus particles. With an active viral infection, a virus makes copies of itself and bursts the host cell (killing it) to set the newly-formed virus particles free. In other cases, virus particles "bud" off the host cell over a period of time before killing the host cell. Either way, new virus particles are then free to infect other cells. Symptoms of the viral illness occur as a result of cell damage, tissue destruction, and the associated immune response.

Certain viruses -- like the ones that cause chickenpox and cold sores -- may be inactive or "latent" after the initial infection. For example, you may have a cold sore that erupts and then heals. The cold sore virus remains in your cells in a dormant state. Later, a trigger like stress, sunlight, or something else, may reactivate the virus and lead to new symptoms. The virus makes more copies of itself, releases new virus particles, and kills more host cells.

Are Viruses Alive?

Microbiologists still disagree. Those who say viruses are alive offer these reasons:

They make copies of themselves to regenerate.

They acquire energy (from their hosts).

Reasons some say viruses are not alive:

They have no cells (only protein coatings surrounding genetic material).

They don't reproduce by themselves; they need host cells.

And one thing still undecided-do viruses respond to their environment? It's hard to say. Some argue that they do not, while others say they do. It may depend on a person's own definition of "life."

Contagiousness refers to the ability of a virus to be transmitted from one person (or host) to another. Viral infections are contagious for varying periods of time depending on the virus. An incubation period refers to the time between exposure to a virus (or other pathogen) and the emergence of symptoms. The contagious period of a virus is not necessarily the same as the incubation period.

Viruses and bacteria are two types of potentially disease-causing (pathogenic) particles. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and can't reproduce without the assistance of a host. Bacteria are capable of reproducing on their own. The symptoms of viral and bacterial illnesses are sometimes similar. A doctor can determine the underlying cause of an illness based on the patient's symptoms and other factors. Lab tests may help clarify whether an illness is due to a virus, bacteria, or other infectious agent or disease process.
Note that the drawing of influenza virus is enlarged; most viruses are much smaller than bacteria.

Viruses can be transmitted in a variety of ways. Some viruses can spread through touch, saliva, or even the air. Other viruses can be transmitted through sexual contact or by sharing contaminated needles. Insects including ticks and mosquitoes can act as "vectors," transmitting a virus from one host to another. Contaminated food and water are other potential sources of viral infection.

Respiratory viral infections affect the lungs, nose, and throat. These viruses are most commonly spread by inhaling droplets containing virus particles. Examples include:

Rhinovirus is the virus that most often causes the common cold, but there are more than 200 different viruses that can cause colds. Cold symptoms like coughing, sneezing, mild headache, and sore throat typically last for up to 2 weeks.

Seasonal influenza is an illness that affects about 5% to 20% of the population in the US every year. More than 200,000 people per year are hospitalized annually in the US due to complications of the flu. Flu symptoms are more severe than cold symptoms and often include body aches and severe fatigue. The flu also tends to come on more suddenly than a cold.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an infection that can cause both upper respiratory infections (like colds) and lower respiratory infections (like pneumonia and bronchiolitis). It can be very severe in infants, small children, and elderly adults.

SARS-COV-2 is a respiratory coronavirus that causes COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 caused a global pandemic in 2020, shutting down schools, businesses, and public life in nations across the world, infecting millions of people and killing over 1 million worldwide and 210,000 in the US as of early Fall. The first reports of this virus came from Wuhan, China in Dec. 2019. Symptoms include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and pneumonia.

Frequent hand-washing, covering the nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding contact with infected individuals can all reduce the spread of respiratory infections. Disinfecting hard surfaces and not touching the eyes, nose, and mouth can help reduce transmission as well.

Wearing a mask when going out of your home and keeping away from groups of individuals inside buildings (social distancing - staying at least 6 feet apart from others) may decrease your chances of getting such viral infections as the flu and COVID-19.

Viral skin infections can range from mild to severe and often produce a rash. Examples of viral skin infections include:

Molluscum contagiosum causes small, flesh-colored bumps most often in children ages 1 to 10 years old; however, people of any age can acquire the virus. The bumps usually disappear without treatment, usually in 6 to 12 months.

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is the common virus that causes cold sores. It's transmitted through saliva by kissing or sharing food or drink with an infected individual. Sometimes, HSV-1 causes genital herpes. An estimated 85% of people in the US have HSV-1 by the time they are in their 60s.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes itchy, oozing blisters, fatigue, and high fever characteristic of chickenpox. The chickenpox vaccine is 98% effective at preventing infection. People who have had chickenpox (or in extremely rare instances, people who have received the chickenpox vaccine) are at risk for developing shingles, an illness caused by the same virus. Shingles can occur at any age, but it occurs most often in people age 60 or older.

The best way to avoid viral skin infections is to avoid skin-to-skin contact (especially areas that have a rash or sores) with an infected individual. Some viral skin infections, such as varicella-zoster virus, are also transmitted by an airborne route. Communal showers, swimming pools, and contaminated towels can also potentially harbor certain viruses.

Viruses are one of the most common causes of food poisoning. The symptoms of these infections vary depending on the virus involved.

Hepatitis A is a virus that affects the liver for a few weeks up to several months. Symptoms may include yellow skin, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Up to 15% of infected individuals experience recurrent illness within 6 months of infection.

Norovirus has been reported to be responsible for outbreaks of severe gastrointestinal illness that happen on cruise ships, but it causes disease in many situations and locations. About 20 million people in the U.S. become sick from these highly contagious viruses every year.

Rotavirus causes severe, watery diarrhea that can lead to dehydration. Anyone can get rotavirus, but the illness occurs most often in babies and young children.

Rotaviruses and noroviruses are responsible for many (but not all) cases of viral gastroenteritis, which causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines. People may use the terms "stomach virus" or "stomach flu" to refer to viral gastroenteritis, which causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

It's not pleasant to think about it, but foodborne viral illnesses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route. This means that a person gets the virus by ingesting virus particles that were shed through the feces of an infected person. Someone with this type of virus who doesn't wash their hands after using the restroom can transfer the virus to others by shaking hands, preparing food, or touching hard surfaces. Contaminated water is another potential source of infection.

Sexually transmitted viral infections spread through contact with bodily fluids. Some sexually transmitted infections can also be transmitted via the blood (blood-borne transmission).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually-transmitted infection in the US. There are many different types of HPV. Some cause genital warts while others increase the risk of cervical cancer. Vaccination can protect against cancer-causing strains of HPV.

Hepatitis B is a virus that causes inflammation in the liver. It's transmitted through contaminated blood and bodily fluids. Some people with the virus don't have any symptoms while others feel like they have the flu. The hepatitis B vaccine is more than 90% effective at preventing infection.

Genital herpes is a common sexually-transmitted infection caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the virus responsible for cold sores, can also sometimes cause genital herpes. There's no cure for genital herpes. Painful sores often recur during outbreaks. Antiviral medications can decrease both the number and length of outbreaks.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that affects certain types of T cells of the immune system. Progression of the infection decreases the body's ability to fight disease and infection, leading to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is transmitted by contacting blood or bodily fluids of an infected person.

People can reduce the risk of getting a sexually-transmitted viral infection by abstaining from sex or only having sex while in a monogamous relationship with someone who does not have a sexually-transmitted infection. Using a condom decreases, but doesn't entirely eliminate, the risk of acquiring a sexually-transmitted infection. Minimizing the number of sexual partners and avoiding intravenous drug use are other ways to reduce the risk of acquiring sexually-transmitted and bloodborne viral infections.

Viruses are abundant in the world and cause many other infections ranging from mild to life-threatening.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a type of herpes virus that's associated with fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and an enlarged spleen. EBV is a very common virus that causes mononucleosis ("mono"). More than 90% of adults have been infected with this "kissing disease" that is spread primarily through saliva.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus that's most commonly transmitted by infected mosquitos. Most people (70% to 80%) with WNV don't have any symptoms while others develop a fever, headache, and other symptoms. Less than 1% of people with WNV develop inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or inflammation of the tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meningitis).

Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord that causes headache, fever, stiff neck, and other symptoms. Many viruses can cause viral meningitis, but a group of viruses called enteroviruses are most often to blame.

Many viral infections resolve on their own without treatment. Other times, treatment of viral infections focuses on symptom relief, not fighting the virus. For example, cold medicine helps alleviate the pain and congestion associated with the cold, but it doesn't act directly on the cold virus.

There are some medications that work directly on viruses. These are called antiviral medications. They work by inhibiting the production of virus particles. Some interfere with the production of viral DNA. Others prevent viruses from entering host cells. There are other ways in which these medications work. In general, antiviral medications are most effective when they're taken early on in the course of an initial viral infection or a recurrent outbreak. Different kinds of antiviral medications may be used to treat chickenpox, shingles, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and influenza.

Viruses insert themselves into host cell DNA in order to make more virus particles. Cancer is a disease that occurs as the result of mutations or alterations to DNA. Because viruses affect the DNA of host cells, viruses are known to contribute to several different types of cancer. Viruses known to increase the risk of cancer include:

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) for nasopharyngeal cancer, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and stomach cancer

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C for liver cancer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for Kaposi sarcoma, invasive cervical cancer, lymphomas, and other cancers

Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) for T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)

Human papilloma virus (HPV) for cervical cancer

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) for a rare skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma

Vaccines can reduce the risk of acquiring some viral illnesses. Vaccines are available to help protect against the flu, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, herpes zoster (shingles), cancer-causing strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), polio, rabies, rotavirus, and other viruses.

Vaccines vary in effectiveness and in the number of doses required to confer protection. Some vaccines require booster shots to maintain immunity.

Sources:
IMAGES PROVIDED BY:

1. iStockPhoto

2. iStockPhoto
MedicineNet

3. iStockPhoto

4. Mariana Ruiz Villarreal / BigStock

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7. E van Herk from NL
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8. iStockPhoto

9. iStockPhoto
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George Chernilevsky
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CDC / Dr. Erskine Palmer

10. CDC / P.E. Rollin / Cynthia Goldsmith
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11. iStockPhoto

12. iStockPhoto
Analytical Imaging Facility at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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13. iStockPhoto

REFERENCES:

AIDS.gov: "Overview of HIV Treatments."

Alberts, B., et al. "Introductions to Pathogens." Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition. 2002.

American Cancer Society: "Viruses."

American Society for Microbiology. Microbe World: "Viruses."

CDC: "About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)," "Chickenpox (Varicella)," "Common Cold and Runny Nose," "Genital Herpes -- CDC Fact Sheet," "Glossary of Epidemiology Terms," "Hepatitis B FAQs for the Public," "HIV/AIDS," "Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians," "Molluscum (Molluscum Contagiosum)," "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV)," "Seasonal Influenza: Flu Basics," "Seasonal Influenza Q&A," "Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)," "Shingles (Herpes Zoster)," "U.S. Vaccines 2012," "Viral Meningitis," "West Nile Virus."

FoodSafety.gov: "Bacteria and Viruses."

Janniger, C. K., et al. "Herpes Zoster Treatment & Management." Medscape. 28 Apr. 2014.

Kimberlin, D. W. and R. J. Whitley. "Antiviral Therapy of HSV-1 and -2." Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.

Lodish, H., et al. "Viruses: Structure, Function, and Uses." Molecular Cell Biology. 4th Edition. 2000.

Microbiology Online: "Routes of Transmission."

NHS Choices: "What Are the Incubation Periods For Infections?"

Pyrsopoulos, N. T., et al. "Hepatitis B Treatment & Management." Medscape. 7 Oct. 2013.

Roossinck, M. J. "The Good Viruses: Viral Mutualistic Symbiosis." Nature Reviews Microbiology 9.2 (2011): 99-108.

University of Maryland Medical Center: "Herpes Simplex Virus."

University of Rochester Medical Center: "Is It a Virus or a Bacterium? Know the Difference."

Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource: "SARS-CoV-2."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
viral infections virus bacteria contagious respiratory foodborne food borne sexually transmitted influenza herpes hepatitis hiv pictures slideshow

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What's a Virus? Viral Infection Types, Symptoms, Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Is a virus alive? Learn the definition of a virus. Viral infections like COVID-19 can occur in your eyes, mouth, skin, or anywhere else. Should you use antibiotics to treat the flu? Is this STD a bacterium or a virus? Get the answers to the most common questions about viral infections.

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According to this article, viruses are a type of germ. They're very tiny, and when they get inside your body, they can make you sick. Viruses cause colds, chicken pox, measles, flu, and many other diseases. Unfortunately, antibiotics don't work on viruses like they do on bacteria.

Wash your hands often to help prevent the spread of viruses, especially before you eat and after you use the bathroom.

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Viruses are microscopic particles that are present in animals, plants, and other living organisms. They can sometimes cause diseases, such as the flu and COVID-19.

Viruses are biological entities that can only thrive and multiply in a host, which is a living organism such as a human, an animal, or a plant. Some viruses cause disease. For example, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2, causes the disease COVID-19.

A virus may also affect one organism in one way but a different one in another. This explains why a virus that causes illness in a cat may not affect a human.

Viruses vary in form and complexity. They consist of genetic material, DNA or RNA, with a coat of protein around it. Some have an additional coat called the envelope. This may be spiky and helps them latch onto and enter host cells. They can only replicate in a host.

In this article, we discuss in detail viruses, including how they act and how they can affect people.
Get the latest news on COVID-19 here.
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Electron microscope image of the first U.S. case of COVID-19. The spherical viral particles, colored blue, contain a cross-section of the viral genome, in the form of black dots.

Viruses are microscopic entities that have a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA. The core is covered with a capsid, a protective coat made of protein.

Around the capsid, there may be a spiky covering known as the envelope. These spikes are proteins that enable viruses to bind to and enter host cells. There, if the conditions are right, they can multiply.

There is some dispute about whether viruses meet the criteria for living organisms. They can grow and reproduce, but they do not produce adenosine triphosphate, a compound that drives many processes in living cells.

They also do not contain ribosomes, so they cannot make proteins. This makes them unable to reproduce independently and totally dependent on their host.

After entering a host cell, a virus hijacks the cell by releasing its own genetic material and proteins into the host. It uses the host's cellular machinery to make many copies of itself.

Next, the virus continues to reproduce, but it produces more viral protein and genetic material instead of the usual products that the cell would produce.

Viruses have different shapes and sizes. Scientists categorize viruses according to various factors, including:

their shape and size, which may be rod-shaped, almost spherical, or other shapes

the type of their nucleic acid, which contains their genetic information

whether or not they have a protective lipid envelope derived from the host cell

Examples of viruses with an envelope include the influenza virus and HIV.

Within these categories are different types of viruses. A coronavirus, for example, has a sphere-like shape and a helical capsid containing RNA. It also has an envelope with crown-like spikes on its surface.

Seven coronaviruses can affect humans, but each one can change or mutate, producing many variants.
Learn more about coronaviruses here.
What are friendly viruses?

Just as there are friendly bacteria in the intestines that are essential to gut health, humans may also carry friendly viruses that help protect against dangerous bacteria, including Escherichia coli.

Viruses do not leave fossil remains, so they are difficult to trace through time. Scientists use molecular techniques to compare the DNA and RNA of viruses and find out more about where they come from.

Three competing theories try to explain the origin of viruses. In reality, viruses may have evolved in any of these ways.

The regressive, or reduction, hypothesis suggests that viruses started as independent biological entities that became parasites. Over time, they shed genes that did not help them parasitize, and became entirely dependent on the cells they inhabit.

The progressive, or escape, hypothesis postulates that viruses evolved from sections of DNA or RNA that "escaped" from the genes of larger entities. In this way, they gained the ability to become independent and move between cells.

The virus-first hypothesis suggests that viruses evolved from complex molecules of nucleic acid and proteins either before or at the same time as the first cells on Earth appeared, billions of years ago.

When a viral disease emerges, it is not always clear where it comes from. For instance, experts believe SARS-CoV-2 originated in bats and then spilled over into humans.

A virus exists only to reproduce. When it reproduces, particles spread to new cells and new hosts. The features of a virus affect its ability to spread.

Viruses can spread through:

Touch: If, for example, a person has the SARS-CoV-2 virus on their hands, and they touch their nose, mouth, or eyes, the virus can enter the body, and they can develop COVID-19.

Respiratory droplets: Some viruses can be present in respiratory droplets. A person produces these when they talk, cough, or sneeze. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 are two examples of viruses that can spread in this way.

Direct contact: Some viruses may spread through direct contact with a person that has the virus. For example, the human papillomavirus (HPV) can spread via direct contact with the skin. The Epstein-Barr virus, which causes mononucleosis (mono), can spread through saliva, such as while kissing.

Bodily fluids: HIV, for instance, can pass from one person to another through the exchange of semen or blood.

Contaminated food or water: Noroviruses are one type of virus that can enter the body when a person consumes contaminated food or water.

Insects: Mosquitoes carry the virus that causes Zika from one person to another.

Around childbirth: A mother with the cytomegalovirus, which is a herpes virus, can pass the virus on to an unborn child.

Some viruses can remain active on an object for some time. If a person with the virus on their hands touches an item, the next person can pick up that virus by touching the same object. The object is known as a fomite.

Viruses often change over time. As they reproduce, "copying errors" and genetic changes naturally occur. Some of these changes are very small and do not cause concern, but others can be more significant.

Significant changes could make a virus more transmissible, as has been the case with the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2.

They may also help the virus evade the immune system or existing treatments. For example, doctors use several drugs in combination to treat HIV so that it is harder for the virus to develop resistance to treatment.

Influenza viruses can also do so-called antigenic shift. This can happen if a host cell has become infected with two different types of influenza virus. The two influenza viruses can "reassort" to produce a novel influenza virus. For instance, pigs can often serve as a mixing vessel for avian and human influenza viruses.

Viruses cause many human diseases. For example, the Epstein-Barr virus can lead to mono.

Other viral diseases include:

Some viruses, such as HPV, can lead to cancer.

The full impact of a virus can take time to appear, and sometimes there may be a secondary effect.

For example, the herpes zoster virus can cause chickenpox. The person recovers, but the virus may stay in the body. Years later, it may cause shingles in the same individual.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the disease COVID-19, is a coronavirus. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses and include viruses that cause the common cold.

Overall, experts consider SARS-CoV-2 a relatively stable virus. However, it has changed many times since scientists first identified it in China.

By September 2020, scientists had logged over mutations, and the development continues.

Some variants are more transmissible and more likely to cause severe illness than others. The main concern with new variants is the unpredictability of their impact.

There may also be uncertainty about how well current vaccines can combat a new variant.

The main symptoms of COVID-19 are dry cough, fatigue, and fever, but there are many possible symptoms.

Anyone who has symptoms should seek a test. It is also important to self-isolate until after symptoms appear and when no fever has been present for 24 hours.

If a person has difficulty breathing, they should seek emergency medical attention.

When the body's immune system detects a virus, it starts taking measures to protect the body.

As viruses enter the body's cells, the immune system cannot "see" the virus. However, special T cells, known as cytotoxic T cells, can recognize cells that contain viruses, and release substances that kill those cells.

Some viruses can escape detection by cytotoxic T cells, but other immune cells - natural killer cells - can cause the cell containing the virus to die.

In addition, body cells that contain a virus emit proteins called interferons, which warn other cells that a virus is present. This gives healthy cells a chance to defend themselves by changing the molecular makeup of their surface.

Antibodies can also help fight a virus before it enters a cell. They do this by neutralizing or damaging the virus or by changing its features so that it can no longer enter healthy cells.

People may have antibodies if they have already had a virus or if they have received a vaccine.

Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, but they cannot treat a viral infection. People will need either a vaccination to prevent infection, or antiviral drugs to treat any symptoms. Sometimes, the only option is symptom relief.

In recent decades, scientists have developed antiviral drugs, largely in response to the AIDS pandemic. These drugs do not destroy the virus, but they slow or prevent its development.

With antiviral treatment for HIV, for example, the level of virus in the body can become so low that tests cannot detect it. At this point, it becomes untransmittable, which means that a person cannot pass the virus on to another person.

Antivirals are also available to treat infection with HSV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza, shingles, and chickenpox.

Tamiflu is an example of an antiviral drug. People can use it to manage influenza.

Vaccination can be an effective way of preventing viruses from causing disease.

Some vaccines have succeeded in eliminating diseases such as smallpox, which experts believe has been around for at least .

Here are some ways a virus vaccination may work:

It contains an inactivated form of the virus.

It contains a live attenuated virus, as in immunization for polio.

It is an mRNA vaccine, which teaches the body to make proteins that fight a specific virus, such as SARS-CoV-2.

It uses viral vector technology to create a modified version of a virus such as Ebola or SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine does not contain the real virus but teaches the body to fight the actual virus.

Currently, vaccinations exist for polio, measles, mumps, rubella, COVID-19, and various forms of the flu, among other conditions.

Vaccination can dramatically reduce the likelihood of becoming seriously ill due to a virus, as well as the risk of passing a virus on to others.

For example, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), two doses of the measles vaccine offer protection from measles, a highly contagious and potentially fatal condition.

Moreover, widespread use of the vaccine has reduced the incidence of measles in the United States by since it first appeared. If there is an outbreak, it usually affects people who have not had the vaccine.

However, if fewer than 92-95% percent of people receive the vaccine, a community can lose its herd immunity. As a result, the risk of disease increases dramatically, and an outbreak can occur.

Research shows that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective at preventing serious illness in those exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Health experts encourage people to have this vaccine to protect themselves and others.

Viruses are biological entities that are present in all living beings. Some are harmless, while others can cause a range of diseases, from the common cold to Ebola.

Seeking protection from potentially hazardous viruses - for example, through vaccinations - can help prevent serious illness.

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Viruses: What are they, and what do they do?

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Viruses exist almost everywhere, and they can infect any living organism. Here, learn more about viruses, how they work, and how to get protection.

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This article talks about basic things about many virus and I was surprised that all of virus aren’t contagious, and I also thought maybe it took time to decide social distances and things like that like now because first scientists had to find out what type the virus is.

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Viruses are very small infectious agents. They're made up of a piece of genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, that's enclosed in a coat of protein.

Viruses invade cells in your body and use components of those cells to help them multiply. This process often damages or destroys infected cells.

A viral disease is any illness or health condition caused by a virus. Read on to learn more about some of the main types of viral diseases:

Not all viral diseases are contagious. This means they aren't always spread from person to person. But many of them are. Common examples of contagious viral diseases include the flu, the common cold, HIV, and herpes.

Other types of viral diseases spread through other means, such as the bite of an infected insect.

Respiratory viral diseases are contagious and commonly affect the upper or lower parts of your respiratory tract.

Common symptoms of a respiratory viral disease include:

Examples

Examples of respiratory diseases include:

Transmission

Respiratory viruses are spread by droplets generated through coughing or sneezing. If someone with a viral illness coughs or sneezes nearby and you inhale these droplets, you may develop the disease.

These viruses can also be spread through contaminated objects, such as doorknobs, tabletops, and personal items. If you touch one of these objects and then touch your nose or eyes, you could develop a disease.

Treatment

Respiratory viral diseases usually heal on their own. But over-the-counter (OTC) medications, including nasal decongestants, cough suppressants, and pain relievers, can help to reduce symptoms.

In addition, Tamiflu, an antiviral drug, is sometimes prescribed if someone is in the very early stages of developing the flu.

Prevention

The best way to avoid respiratory viral diseases is to practice good personal hygiene. Wash your hands often, cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze, and limit your interactions with people who show symptoms of a respiratory condition.

There's also a vaccine that can help to reduce your risk of getting the seasonal flu.

Gastrointestinal viral diseases affect your digestive tract. The viruses that cause them are contagious and usually lead to a condition called gastroenteritis, also called the stomach flu.

Common symptoms of gastrointestinal viral diseases include:

Examples

Examples of gastrointestinal viral diseases include:

Transmission

Gastrointestinal viruses are shed in the stool during bowel movements. Food or water that's been contaminated by feces can spread the virus to others. You can also get the virus from sharing utensils or personal objects with someone who has a virus.

Treatment

There aren't any treatments for gastrointestinal viral diseases. In many cases, they resolve on their own within a day or two. In the meantime, drink plenty of fluids to replace those lost from diarrhea or vomiting.

Prevention

You can prevent gastrointestinal viral diseases by washing your hands often, especially after using the bathroom. Wiping down contaminated surfaces and not sharing personal items or eating utensils can also help.

There's also a vaccine for rotavirus that's recommended as part of a child's vaccination schedule.

Exanthematous viruses cause skin rashes. Many of them cause additional symptoms as well.

Many of the viruses in this category, such as the measles virus, are highly contagious.

Examples

Examples of exanthematous viral diseases include:

Transmission

Many exanthematous viruses are spread through respiratory droplets from the cough or sneeze of someone with the virus.

Other exanthematous viral diseases, such as chickenpox and smallpox, can be transmitted by coming into contact with fluid in broken skin lesions.

Shingles only occurs in people who've had chickenpox at some point. It's a reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus that's been lying dormant in your cells.

Chikungunya virus is spread through a mosquito bite and cannot be transmitted from person to person.

Treatment

Treating exanthematous viral diseases focuses on managing symptoms. Fever-reducing medications, such as acetaminophen, can help with some of the more bothersome symptoms.

Antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, may be given for chickenpox or shingles.

Prevention

Measles, rubella, chickenpox, shingles, and smallpox can all be prevented through vaccination. You can reduce your risk of a chikungunya virus infection by protecting yourself from mosquito bites.
Learn more about viral rashes.
The hepatic viral diseases cause inflammation of the liver, known as viral hepatitis. The most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A, B, and C.

It is worth noting that diseases caused by other viruses, such as cytomegalovirus and the yellow fever virus, can also affect the liver.

Examples

Examples of hepatic viral diseases include:

Many neurologic viruses are spread through the bite of an infected animal or bug, such as a mosquito or tick.

Other viruses, such poliovirus and other enteroviruses, are quite contagious and spread through close contact with someone with the virus. Contaminated objects can also contribute to the spread of these viruses.

Treatment

There's no specific treatment for people with mild viral meningitis or encephalitis. Getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, and taking OTC anti-inflammatories to ease pain or headaches can all help. In some cases, antiviral medication may be prescribed.

Polio or severe cases of meningitis or encephalitis may require additional treatment, such as breathing assistance or IV fluids.

If an animal that's suspected to have the rabies virus bites you, you'll be given a series of shots to help prevent the rabies virus from infecting you.

Prevention

There's a vaccine for both poliovirus and the mumps virus, which can cause meningitis and encephalitis.

Practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with those who have the virus, and protecting against insect bites can all help to reduce the spread of encephalitis and meningitis.

To reduce the risk of spreading rabies, keep your pets vaccinated and avoid approaching wild animals.

Cutaneous viral diseases cause lesions or papules to form on the skin. In many cases, these lesions can stick around for a long time or come back after disappearing for a while.

Examples

Examples of cutaneous viral diseases include:

Hemorrhagic viral diseases are severe conditions that involve damage to your circulatory system.

Symptoms of a hemorrhagic viral disease include:

high fever

body aches

weakness

bleeding under the skin

bleeding from the mouth or ears

bleeding in internal organs

Examples

Examples of viral hemorrhagic diseases include:

Transmission

Some hemorrhagic viral diseases, such as dengue fever and yellow fever, are spread through the bite of an infected insect.

Others, such as Ebola, are spread to other people through contact with the blood or other bodily fluid of someone with the virus. Lassa fever is spread through inhaling or consuming the dried feces or urine of a rodent with the virus.

Treatment

There's no specific treatment for hemorrhagic viral diseases.

It's important to stay hydrated if you have a viral hemorrhagic disease. Some people may need intravenous (IV) fluids to maintain electrolyte balance. Supportive care to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance is essential. In some cases, the antiviral drug ribavirin may be given.

Prevention

Researchers are in the process of developing vaccines for several hemorrhagic viruses. A yellow fever vaccine is currently available for people traveling to areas where yellow fever is common.

If you live or work in an area where viral hemorrhagic diseases are common, you can do the following to reduce your risk:

Use proper protection, such as gloves, glasses, or a face shield, when working around people who have a virus.

Avoid being bitten by insects, especially mosquitos and ticks, by wearing protective clothing or using insect repellent.

Protect against rodent infestation by keeping food covered, removing garbage often, and making sure windows and doors are secured properly.

Some viruses can infect the brain and surrounding tissues, causing neurologic viral diseases. This can result in a range of symptoms, including:

Examples

Examples of neurologic viral diseases include:

There are many viral diseases. Some, such as the common cold or the stomach flu, are minor and go away on their own within a few days. Others, however, are more serious.

Unlike bacterial infections, viral diseases don't respond to antibiotics. Instead, treatment usually focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the immune system with plenty of rest and hydration.

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Viral Diseases: List of Types & Contagiousness, Treatment, Preven

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A viral disease is any condition that's caused by a virus. There are several types of viral disease, depending on the underlying virus. We'll go over some of the main types, including how they're spread, treated, and prevented. We'll also list examples of each type of viral disease.

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This article summarizes the virus symptoms, and more, even the way viruses attacks, just like hijackers. Some symptoms are Ebola, AIDS and more. They cannot be classified.

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MedlinePlus links to health information from the National Institutes of Health and other federal government agencies. MedlinePlus also links to health information from non-government Web sites. See our disclaimer about external links and our quality guidelines.

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Viral Infection | Viral Infection Symptoms | MedlinePlus

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MedlinePlus links to health information from the National Institutes of Health and other federal government agencies. MedlinePlus also links to health information from non-government Web sites. See our disclaimer about external links and our quality guidelines.

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According to this article, Viruses are important causes of nosocomial infection

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national center for biotechnology information

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PubMed® comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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In this article, the virus spread from person to person, just like a flu. It can be also infected by coughing or sneezing in front of people. According to scientists, coughs and sneezes can travel several feet and stay suspended in the air for up to 10 minutes. I was surprised that the virus will get weak when the strong wind blew so in the windy weather, you will have a low chance of getting the virus.

To prevent from the virus, it is best to wash your hands and put your mask on whenever you go outside. However, mask may provide some protection to you and others but because they are loose and made of permeable material, you have a chance getting the virus if you got sneezed.

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More than 75,000 people worldwide, the vast majority of them in China, have been infected by the new coronavirus, which continues to spread to more countries since it was first detected in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December.

At least 74,576 people have died so far in mainland China, the vast majority in Hubei province, the capital of which - Wuhan - is where the virus first originated. Deaths have also been confirmed in Hong Kong, the Philippines, Japan, France, Iran, Taiwan and South Korea.

More:

Here is what you need to know:

How is the coronavirus spreading?

The coronavirus - known as COVID-19 - spreads from person to person in close proximity, similar to other respiratory illnesses, such as the flu.

Droplets of bodily fluids - such as saliva or mucus - from an infected person are dispersed in the air or on surfaces by coughing or sneezing.

These droplets can come into direct contact with other people or can infect those who pick them up by touching infected surfaces and then their face.

According to scientists, coughs and sneezes can travel several feet and stay suspended in the air for up to 10 minutes.

It is not yet known how long the virus can survive outside a host but, in other viruses, it ranges from a few hours to months.

Transmission is of particular concern on transport, where droplets containing the coronavirus could pass between passengers or via surfaces like aeroplane seats and armrests.

The incubation period of the coronavirus, the length of time before symptoms appear, is between one and 14 days.

Although not yet confirmed, Chinese health authorities believe the virus can be transmitted before symptoms appear.

This would have major implications for containment measures, according to Gerard Krause, head of the Department for Epidemiology at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection.

"It's unusual for respiratory diseases transmissible even before the first symptoms have occurred," he told Al Jazeera.

"But the consequences is that if it happens then they have no public health means to sort out or to identify people at risk of transmitting, because they don't even know that they're ill yet."

Can people be immune to the new coronavirus?

Viruses that spread quickly usually come with lower mortality rates and vice versa.

As the virus is an entirely new strain, it is believed that there is no existing immunity in anyone it will encounter.

Some level of immunity will naturally develop over time, but this means that those with compromised immune systems, such as the elderly or sick, are most at risk of becoming severely ill or dying from the coronavirus.

Although the total number of deaths has now exceeded those recorded during the 2002-2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the current mortality rate is much lower than that of SARS.

The coronavirus mortality rate stands at 2.4 percent, while SARS killed 9.6 percent of those infected.

How can people protect themselves? Are face masks useful?

In terms of self-protection and containing the virus, experts agree that is important to wash your hands frequently and thoroughly with soap; cover your face with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing; visit a doctor if you have symptoms; and avoid direct contact with live animals in affected areas.

While face masks are popular, scientists doubt their effectiveness against airborne viruses.

Masks may provide some protection to you and others, but because they are loose and made of permeable material, droplets can still pass through.

Many countries have advised people travelling back from China to self-quarantine for at least two weeks.

What is being done to stop the spread, and when will a vaccine become available?

China has placed Wuhan and more than a dozen other cities under lockdown, affecting more than 60 million people, although this has not prevented the virus from spreading to all of China's provinces.

As the number of confirmed cases continues to rise, businesses and countries are taking increasingly drastic action.

Scores of airlines have halted flights to China, while a number of countries are evacuating their citizens from Wuhan and Hubei.

Several countries have closed their borders with China and others have banned entry to Chinese citizens.

Person-to-person transmission has been confirmed in several countries, which WHO emergency chief Michael Ryan has called a "great concern".

Even with recent advances in medical technology, it is unlikely a vaccine could be available for mass distribution within a year.

This means that public health measures to contain the spread will be crucial to contain the outbreak.

Restrictions on movement will not stop the spread of the disease entirely but will slow its progress and buy time for areas that have avoided infection to prepare. It will also limit the strain on health infrastructure by reducing the number of infections at any one time, said Krause.

How serious is this epidemic?

Given the response and effect, the new coronavirus is being treated as a serious concern.

The infection is now more widespread than the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, which also originated in China.

The WHO has designated the outbreak with its highest warning level, as it did for five others, including Ebola in 2014 and 2019, polio in 2014, the Zika virus in 2016 and swine flu in 2009.

On February 10, a WHO-led team of investigators arrived in China to evaluate the situation in more detail.
With additional reporting by Ruairi Casey

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How does coronavirus spread and how can you protect yourself?

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More than 75,000 people worldwide, the vast majority of them in China, have been infected by the new coronavirus, which continues to spread to more countries since it was first detected in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December.

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A workout from my previous student, if you’d like to try at home. 

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A workout from my previous student, if you’d like to try at home. 

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first 30 min.

Please use any of the workout apps we’ve used during the term to do an exercise routine that best suits you for 20-30 min. Please use any previously posted YouTube video workouts or your own workout using exercise apps.

second 39 minutes

Please write 2 paragraphs of self reflection on how the steps you took to maintain your health during this past term kept you physically and emotionally balanced.

Please write an additional brief paragraph about the days that were more difficult and what you did to improve your physical and emotional condition. What was very frustrating for you and how did you handle it.

Thank you.

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The exercise did help in making me sleep better, they made me tired, I also learned what makes you tired and different exercises. They were really helpful with health education as well. My muscles will feel the burn after most of the exercises and I also got to learn that this athlete was Ms Okaguchi's student.

Another thing was the lower body workout, that would be very good for a sprinter or a marathon runner. The marathon runners would be happy doing it and I was pleased too because I am a long runner.

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The exercises I have done at my home made me a very healthy person. I was sleeping at 3am before, but after some exercises I got tired and slept very well. The exercises made me keep my muscles. My heartbeat was unusually fast after the exercise.

I got to try various exercises which I haven't done before. It was very nice to do. My muscles hurt a bit because I have not done some exercises for my particular part of body that long.

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The exercises helped me to stay healthy while I stayed home. When I couldn’t sleep at night I move a little and after that I could sleep.Also, I think my body got stronger because I started exercising.

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The exercise that I have done made me. Before I do exercise everyday, I couldn't sleep a lot, but when I start the exercise, it helped me a lot to sleep. Also it has decrease my weight and I'm really happy about that.

These experience have changed me a lot, I felt that exercise is fun and good for our bodies.
Since I start the exercise, I feel that my body are more softer then before and more lighter.
I decide that I will keep doing workout.