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Pershing came from a very humble background and was widely admired by his men. He was deeply connected to the details and devoted to his service. He, like all leaders, had flaws that caused him to make mistakes. However, he was a good leader and a strong man that should be studied in order for other leaders to learn how to be better.

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- Had a reputation for severe hazing while at West Point
- Reputation for being stubborn and difficult
- Boisterous
- Allowed personal relationships to interfere with "business"
(Claire, 2020)

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- Leader of 12,000 troops in futile expedition in Mexico
- Crushing of Salient and Meuse-Argonne Victory

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As Carl von Clausewitz said, a good leader will make the effort to study past decisions in order to make the right decisions in the future. Pershing made many good decisions but also made bad ones which should be reviewed to prevent poor decisions from being made again.

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12/20/2021
HS315

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-Calm under stress
-Devoted to troops
-Personal courage
-Military genius
-Tactful

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General John Joseph “Black Jack” Pershing was born September 13, 1860, in Laclede, Missouri and died July 15, 1948, in Washington, D.C. After graduating from West Point, he served as a U.S. Army general who commanded the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in Europe during World War I. (Ray, 2021)

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Claire, B. (2020, January 8). Iron general. HistoryNet. Retrieved December 20, 2021, from https://www.historynet.com/iron-general.htm

Ray, M. (2021, September 9). John J. Pershing. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved December 20, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-J-Pershing

New York Times. (2021, July 16). Leadership, Personal Courage, Devotion to Troops Won for Pershing Affection of Nation. The New York Times. Retrieved December 20, 2021, from https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0913.html

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"If human beings were pawns it would be different, but they are our own men."

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- Graduated West Point in 1886 as first captain of the cadet corps
- Named General of the Armies, Becomes Chief of Staff
- Author of "My Experiences in the World War"
- Honored as the highest-ranking general in the history of the U.S. Army until his death in 1948
(New York Times, 2021)