# data[].attributes.body
Lots of Interesting Facts and info for your Fact File

http://www.ipl.org/div/potus/

# data[].attributes.body
Lots of Info for your Fact File

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Which President served as a lieutenant colonel in the Spanish-American war? Who was the first Democrat elected after the Civil War? Who introduced Social Security? If you're looking to learn more about the past Presidents who have led our country, you're in the right place. Take a look at our full set of biographies.

# data[].attributes.body
Lots of Information

http://millercenter.org/president

# data[].attributes.body
Interesting Facts About Each President

http://www.mistergworld.com/12-002.htm

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Presidents of the United States of America

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Teeth were made from elephant and walrus tusks, not wood.

# data[].attributes.body
Good Information with Interesting Facts

http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/timeline-guide-us-presidents

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This special guide to the presidents highlights vital information about the men who have led our country.

1. George Washington

The first President unified the new nation and shaped the chief executive's duties. He refused to run for a third term.

On their wedding day, Martha Washington gave him a miniature portrait of herself. He wore it on a chain around his neck until his death 40 years later.

2. John Adams

Adams was the first President to live in the White House.

Adams had a tough job filling Washington's shoes. His advocacy of the Alien and Sedition Acts allowed him to silence critics, but made him unpopular. He lost reelection to Thomas Jefferson.

3. Thomas Jefferson

Considered the most brilliant President, he wrote the Declaration of Independence, founded the University of Virginia, and was an architect, a farmer, and a scientist.

Jefferson approved the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, which nearly doubled the size of the U.S.

4. James Madison

Madison is considered the father of the Bill of Rights.

Madison presided over the War of 1812 with Britain, during which the White House was burned. The war ended in a draw.

5. James Monroe

Monroe lived out his retirement in poverty.

His term is called the "Era of Good Feeling" because there was little partisan fighting. He formulated the Monroe Doctrine, which declared the Americas off-limits to European meddling.

6. John Quincy Adams

John Adams and John Quincy Adams were the first father and son to have served as Presidents.

Accused of winning the White House through corruption, he was plagued by accusations of misdeeds throughout his presidency.

After his presidency, Adams served nine terms in the House of Representatives, until his death in 1848.

7. Andrew Jackson

Jackson was the first President to ride on a train.

Though he was a rich planter, Jackson was considered the common people's friend. Dubbed "Old Hickory" because he was so tough, Jackson greatly expanded the powers of the Presidency.

8. Martin Van Buren

Van Buren was the first President to be born an American citizen, rather than a British subject.

Van Buren's Presidency was marred by an economic depression that led to bank failures and food riots. He was easily defeated for reelection.

9. William Henry Harrison

Harrison delivered a marathon inaugural speech during which he caught a cold. He died a month later.

Harrison was the first President to die in office and he served the briefest term.

10. John Tyler

Tyler had 15 children, more than any President.

Tyler was expected to be a passive "acting President" while he finished Harrison's term, but he refused to be passive. He made enemies in Congress and was the first President to be threatened with impeachment. The effort failed.

11. James K. Polk

Polk is the only President to have served as Speaker of the House.

Polk was the first "dark horse" or little-known nominee to become President. He presided over the Mexican War, which added Texas, California, and other territory to the United States.

12. Zachary Taylor

Taylor won fame as a general in the Mexican War. His soldiers called him "Old Rough and Ready."

Taylor threatened to use force to keep the South from leaving the Union. After his death, a compromise allowed slavery to continue in the South.

13. Millard Fillmore

Fillmore approved the Compromise of 1850, allowing slavery in the South. But neither the North nor the South was happy with it, and Fillmore was blamed for the law's failure.

In 1856, Fillmore ran for President on the anti-immigrant Know-Nothing Party ticket.

14. Franklin Pierce

Pierce's wife hated Washington, D.C., so much, that she fainted when she found out he had been nominated for President.

Pierce supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which gutted the Compromise of 1850.

15. James Buchanan

Buchanan was the only bachelor to ever serve in the White House.

Buchanan tried in vain to find a compromise to keep the South from seceding from the Union, but failed.

16. Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln led the Union into the Civil War to preserve the nation and end slavery. He was assassinated just five days after the Confederate armies surrendered.

Polls show that Lincoln is the most admired President.

17. Andrew Johnson

Succeeding Lincoln, Johnson found himself in bitter battles with Congress over Reconstruction. He was impeached and tried by the Senate, but was acquitted by one vote.

Johnson was the only southern senator to stay loyal to the Union.

18. Ulysses S. Grant

Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant, but an error on his application to West Point changed his name to Ulysses Simpson Grant. He liked the initials so much that he kept the name.

Grant was the top Union military hero of the Civil War. His two terms were marred by scandals.

19. Rutherford B. Hayes

Hayes is one of five Presidents to lose the popular vote but win the office. He won the election by one electoral vote.

Hayes's wife, Lucy, was the first First Lady to graduate from college.

20. James A. Garfield

Garfield set out to reform the "spoils system" by which politicians gave their friends low-level political offices. He was assassinated by a disappointed office seeker.

Garfield was the first left-handed President.

21. Chester A. Arthur

Arthur was unknown before being elected, but surprised people by being honest and responsible. He helped create the Civil Service.

As a lawyer, Arthur defended a black woman who had been abused on a streetcar. He won the case, which led the streetcar companies to integrate.

22. Grover Cleveland

Cleveland is the only President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms.

Cleveland expanded the Civil Service and ended wasteful government programs. But an economic depression wrecked his second term.

23. Benjamin Harrison

Harrison was caught between reformers who were fighting the spoils system and those who wanted to continue it, and was defeated after one term.

Harrison's grandfather was President William Henry Harrison.

24. Grover Cleveland

Cleveland expanded the Civil Service and ended wasteful government programs. But an economic depression wrecked his second term.

Cleveland is the only President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms.

25. William McKinley

McKinley led the United States during the Spanish-American War. The United States won several important overseas colonies.

Only moments after handing a girl his "lucky" red carnation, McKinley was assassinated.

26. Theodore Roosevelt

Roosevelt was one of the most activist Presidents. His many accomplishments included the building of the Panama Canal, cracking down on business monopolies, and creating many national parks.

Roosevelt was the first President to visit a foreign country while in office.

27. William Howard Taft

Taft continued many of Roosevelt's policies. A conservative, he alienated the progressive wing of his party and lost reelection.

Taft is the only President who became a Supreme Court Justice.

28. Woodrow Wilson

After initially opposing World War I (1914-1918), Wilson led the United States into the war and drafted the peace plan that ended it. Wilson then fought to create the League of Nations, the forerunner of the United Nations.

Wilson was the first President to hold a news conference.

29. Warren G. Harding

Harding died in office, just as massive corruption in the Teapot Dome scandal was about to become public.

Harding's election was the first in which women voted.

30. Calvin Coolidge

Coolidge's term was marked by economic prosperity. However, he ignored signs that the stock market was likely to collapse.

Coolidge was known as "Silent Cal." Once a reporter said to him, "I bet my editor I could get more than two words out of you." Coolidge replied: "You lose."

31. Herbert C. Hoover

The stock market crashed a few months into Hoover's term. The Great Depression that followed was widely and some say unfairly blamed on Hoover.

Hoover organized relief efforts in Europe after both World Wars.

32. Franklin D. Roosevelt

Roosevelt led the nation during the Great Depression of the 1930s and to victory in World War II (1941-1945). He also greatly expanded the size and role of the federal government through his New Deal social programs.

Roosevelt is the only President elected four times.

33. Harry S. Truman

Truman made the fateful decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. World War II ended days later. Truman also led the United States during the Korean War (1950-1953).

On his desk, Truman had a plaque that said "The Buck Stops Here."

34. Dwight D. Eisenhower

A former World War II general and hero, Eisenhower helped end the Korean War and steered a moderate course during the Cold War.

One of America's most famous soldiers, "Ike" had wanted to go to the Naval Academy instead of West Point. He was turned down for being too old.

35. John F. Kennedy

In 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union hovered on the brink of nuclear war during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Kennedy eventually forced the Soviets to back down. He was assassinated in the third year of his term.

Kennedy is the only Roman Catholic to become President.

36. Lyndon B. Johnson

Johnson passed sweeping antipoverty and civil rights programs. However, he also involved the United States in the unpopular Vietnam War. Antiwar protests caused him to drop a reelection bid.

Johnson was sworn into office on an airplane after the Kennedy assassination.

37. Richard M. Nixon

During Nixon's first term, he improved relations with the Soviet Union and China and wound down the Vietnam War.

Following Nixon's reelection, news of the Watergate scandal forced Nixon to resign before Congress could impeach him. He is the only U.S. President in history to resign his office.

38. Gerald R. Ford

Ford became Vice President after Nixon's Vice President resigned in disgrace, and then President after Nixon resigned. His pardon of Nixon was unpopular, probably costing him reelection.

Ford is the only President never elected President or Vice President.

39. James (Jimmy) E. Carter

Carter had success promoting Middle East peace. But soaring oil prices, high inflation, and the Iran hostage crisis made him look weak and ineffectual.

Since leaving office, Carter has traveled the world doing charity work.

40. Ronald W. Reagan

Reagan is credited with reviving national pride after the turmoil of the 1960s and 1970s. He enjoyed great popularity, though his conservative policies were controversial.

Reagan is the only President to survive after being wounded by a would-be assassin.

41. George H. W. Bush

During Bush's term, the Soviet Union collapsed and the Cold War ended. He also led the United States in the 1991 Gulf War against Iraq. But economic troubles at home cost him his reelection bid.

Bush was the first sitting Vice President to be elected President since Martin Van Buren.

42. William (Bill) J. Clinton

When he was 16, Clinton met President Kennedy at the White House. The experience inspired his interest in politics.

Clinton achieved goals such as passage of the NAFTA trade agreement and cuts in the budget deficit. But his popularity was uneven and his second term was marred by scandal, including impeachment.

43. George W. Bush

Just eight months after being sworn in, President Bush had to unite a mournful country after the September 11th terrorist attacks. A self-proclaimed wartime commander-in-chief, President Bush, like his father, led the United States into war against Iraq.

Before focusing on national politics, George Bush was the managing partner and part owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team from 1989-1998.

44. Barack Obama

Barack Obama gained national recognition after he delivered the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in 2004. He served as the U.S. Senator for Illinois from 2005 to 2008.

Barack Obama is the first African American president of the United States.

45. Donald Trump

Donald Trump was a businessman who began his career in real estate. He later became a reality television personality.

He is the first president who hasn't previously held public office or served in the military.

For more information about all of the United States presidents, visit The History Channel's website.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Timeline Guide to the U.S. Presidents | Scholastic

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This special guide to the presidents highlights vital information about the men who have led our country. The first President unified the new nation and shaped the chief executive's duties. He refused to run for a third term. On their wedding day, Martha Washington gave him a miniature portrait of herself.