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The Problem of Free Land in the West VS its Sale for Revenue Purposes

The policy of Congress had been to sell the land of the Western territories to settlers in small lots, which was first $2, then for $1.25 per acre. This provided a revenue for the federal treasury. Many poor farmers or city workers who wanted to settle in the West found raising such sums as difficult. People asked for reductions as the acres grew louder. Planters of the South opposed this movement, and they feared that this would establish a supremacy of the slave-free states.

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The Question of Weather Congress Should Engage in Building National Roads to Help Settlements in the West

Federal action for internal improvement diminished in Jacksonian times but became vigorous again when railroads were successful. As a result, North was against South.

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Protective Tariff

Tariffs, which were introduced in 1824, were fiercely opposed by the Southern states, which were outvoted in Congress. In 1828, the State of South Carolina declared that the tariffs had become too oppressive to be borne. Shortly after in 1932, a state convention passed an ordinance pronouncing the tariffs null and void for its territory and threatening to withdraw from the Union.

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Federal VS State Authority

The doctrine that the states were independent from one another and of the federal government, which in 1798 was pronounced by Kentucky and Virginia, strongly supported by all of the Southern states. This was protection against too much power in the hands of the Central government.

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The Institution of Slavery

Slavery was a big reason for the start of the Civil War. Slavery had existed in the American colonies since the first blacks were brought to Virginia in 1619. Around 1770, about 1/6 of the entire population of the colonies consists of blacks. Balance between North and South in regard to slavery continued to exist, until 1820. Congress was divided, until a compromise was achieved.

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The Problem of a United States Bank VS State Banks

Most people living in the south preferred local banks. They had the support of Andrew Jackson. As the champ of the common people against privileged interests, he felt the United States Bank had become too powerful and had interfered with local banks. Jackson managed to break this up in 1836. As a result, state banks began to flourish everywhere.