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					Angélique Kidjo and 
		
	
	
		
			
				
					
						
							
								Mamadou Diabate 
							
						
					
				
			
		

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					Angélique Kidjo and 
		
	
	
		
			
				
					
						
							
								Mamadou Diabate 
							
						
					
				
			
		

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“Okan Bale,” extends these lines of polyvocality and homage into the realm of a style of mainstream international popular music that retains strong ties to its West African musical and cultural roots. In “Atlanta Kaira,” the guitar artistry of Taj Mahal met the musical art of jeliya on its home turf and found a place of belonging there. In “Okan Bale,” the kora artistry of Mamadou Diabate similarly finds its place of belonging in the cosmopolitan, pan-African, globally conscious musical world of Angé- lique Kidjo.
-She sings in the fon language

He was a leader in the 1990's exposing people to the some of these traditions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix2o5425eQg

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fX3fksjusQ
“Dounuya”
-kumbengo
-birimintingo
-sataro
Atlanta Kaira
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHHiRDwAGrk
-sauta (sow-tah)
Example of the polyvocal, conversational approach to music

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The principal exponents of the kora and its art have always belonged to a hereditary class of professional Mande musicians known as jeli (pl. jelilu). The jelilu are the griots (praise singers, praise musicians) of Mande culture. Living members of the principal hereditary jeli families—Kouyate, Diabate, Sissoko (also spelled Cissokho)—can trace their lineage back across many generations, in some cases all the way to the original Mande court musicians patronized by King Sunjata himself.
-played for royalty or piolotitions
-Bala/ xylophone
-Koni/Banjo

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-nkokwane “musical bow” of the Qwii people
-endongo music of Uganda
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXJt8Ew5KNc-Kora is a 21-string spike harp chordophone, Mande peoples of West Africa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8luhdxS2KuM

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-Vocal music
*traditional elephant hunting song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRybKwJLlTo
Instrumental Music
-mbira dzavadzimu (em-BEE-rah dzah- vah-DZEE-moo) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfZiLSCoYrk
-Chopi timbila ensembles of Mozambique
-Aerophones, from animal horn trumpets and flutes to conch shells

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Africanisms- identifiable musicultural characteristics that are widely shared across sub- Saharan Africa and are prominent in musics of the african diaspora as well.

1) Complex polyphonic textures  - Textures featuring multiple layers of instruments/voices are common in sub-Saharan Africa.

2) Layered ostinatos with varied repetition - A standard device for creating polyphony in sub-Saharan African music is the layering of multiple, recurring patterns one on top of another.

3) Conversational element - Sub-Saharan African musics are frequently conversational in character, whether literally, figuratively or metaphorically. The musical conversations cone in many forms. They may have a call-and-response format, as in the river-and-path drum proverb and certain sections of the Fontomfrom piece.

4) Improvisation - Improvisation is a hallmark of sub-Saharan African musical expression. Even in relatively "set" compositions that have been passed down through the generations or that are now transmitted via music notation, the incorporation of improvisation - sometimes subtle, sometimes pronounced - is usually expected. The from drum part is usually highly improvisational.

5) Timbral variety - Musicians in sub-Saharan Africa tend to exploit a wide range of timbral possibilities. Rather than aiming for a "pure" tone, African singers and instrumentalists may manipulate their voices and instruments to produce "buzzing" timbres and other timbral effects.

6) Distinctive pitch systems and scales - Certain types of scales, modes, and tuning systems are found widely and in varied forms throughout sub-Saharan Africa.

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Fontomfrom- Akan Royal drum ensemble featuring several drums. (from, atumpan, eguankoba) and the dawuro iron bell.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFOfDGI6vrM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUV-evjzV0A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgZ3K0PzRZs

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-Isicathamiya (ee-see-kah-tah-MEE-yah) music for decades. Isicathamiya is an a cappella (unaccompanied vocal) genre that emerged out of a synthesis of traditional music of Zulu peoples in southern Africa and Christian hymnody introduced by European mis- sionaries;
modern- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TCCebXR2ig

-Ladysmith Black Mambazo was already a top-tier championship isicathamiya group in South Africa when Shabalala and other group members first met the famous American musician Paul Simon in a Johannesburg recording studio during the 1980s. Paul Simon recorded and featured this group in his album, Graceland.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EETguBmozy0

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-Africa has the worlds oldest musical traditions. African music is the heart bet of all modern music. The rhythm and textures of modern international music stems from this tradition.
-1/6 of the world population is in African and millions of people of african decent are all over the world due to African diaspora.
-The religions that is dominate in this territory is Islam and Christianity
-West Africa is where most of the slave trade took place an thus the music of west Africa is the root of our modern music like rage time, jazz, rhythm and blues, soul, hip hop, salsa, bomba, reggae and samba.

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Good morning class!!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgSLxl1oAwA

Akan people proverbs, may be recited in spoken words or it may be recited in drum speech. The sound of the drum replicates the word.
One of the drums is called atumpan.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECy6ITYxiDc

Key to the concept of music.This is because the language in which it is composed, a dialect of Twi (Chwee), is a tonal language.

Polyvocality - Many voices, a form of conversation that people speak in turn or all at ones.

Kora- Plucked chordophone of the Mande people.
the Kora is preserved though the art of Jeliya. the music of the "praise singer." also know as a griot from the Mande People