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Cleaning Methods Food Allergy Research and Education

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Cleaning Methods Food Allergy Research and Education

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-Credible Website
-F.A.R.E
-It is a website written by health professionals and Food Allergen advocates who want to keep people safe from cross contamination. It talks about what to use to clean and wash your hands. It also covers the fact that school districts have certain requirements that they are supposed to follow to keep children safe. Then it covers the fact that just gel or hand sanitizer and what doesn't really effectively clean up the allergens.
-I used it on the student slide to educate about washing hands after eating something containing an allergen.

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Schools, Early Childhood Education (ECE) programs and communities play an important role in protecting children with food allergies. One way is by promoting a safe physical environment that minimizes their exposure to potential allergens.

State and local health regulations generally require school districts, schools and ECE programs to follow cleaning and sanitizing practices. These practices can help prevent the unintentional transfer of residue or trace amount of an allergic food into another food.

Here are some way to reduce this cross-contact:

Clean and sanitize with soap and water or all-purpose cleaning agents and sanitizers that meet state and local food safety regulations.

Treat all surfaces that come into contact with food in kitchens, classrooms and other locations where food is prepared or eaten.

Clean and sanitize food preparation equipment, such as food slicers, and utensils before and after use.

Clean and sanitize trays and baking sheets after each use. Oils can seep through wax paper or other liners and cause cross-contact.

Use appropriate handwashing procedures that emphasize the use of soap and water. Plain water and hand sanitizers are not effective in removing food allergens.
One study found that liquid soap, bar soap and commercial wipes were very effective at removing peanut allergens from hands. Plain water and antibacterial hand sanitizer left detectable levels of peanut allergen on 3 out of 12 and 6 out of 12 hands, respectively.

Distribution of peanut allergen in the environment. Perry TT, Conover-Walker MK, Pomes A, Chapman MD, Wood RA. J.Clin Immunol, Vol. 113, No. 5. Retrieved from Voluntary Guidelines for Managing Food Allergies in School. P.38. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/foodallergies/pdf/13_243135_A_Food_Allergy_Web_508.pdf http://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)01067-X/fulltext

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Schools, Early Childhood Education (ECE) programs and communities play an important role in protecting children with food allergies. One way is by promoting a safe physical environment that minimizes their exposure to potential allergens. State and local health regulations generally require school districts, schools and ECE programs to follow cleaning and sanitizing practices.

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-Credible website
-Mayo Clinic
-The Information is by Mayo clinic Physicians and is to help educate about Anaphylaxis. It talks about the symptoms and what to look for because it only takes 30 minutes for the reaction to become fatal. It talks about how to prevent it with bracelets and staying away from things you are allergic to. It also tells you when you should go see a doctor because it could be a problem. It also tells you what things could put you at more of a risk for going into anaphylaxis or anaphylaxis shock
- I used it to get a good amount of facts for both of my slideshows and how to treat anaphylaxis.

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Overview

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to, such as peanuts or bee stings.

Anaphylaxis causes your immune system to release a flood of chemicals that can cause you to go into shock - your blood pressure drops suddenly and your airways narrow, blocking breathing. Signs and symptoms include a rapid, weak pulse; a skin rash; and nausea and vomiting. Common triggers include certain foods, some medications, insect venom and latex.

Anaphylaxis requires an injection of epinephrine and a follow-up trip to an emergency room. If you don't have epinephrine, you need to go to an emergency room immediately. If anaphylaxis isn't treated right away, it can be fatal.

Symptoms

Anaphylaxis symptoms usually occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Sometimes, however, it can occur a half-hour or longer after exposure. Signs and symptoms include:

Skin reactions, including hives and itching and flushed or pale skin

Low blood pressure (hypotension)

Constriction of your airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause wheezing and trouble breathing

A weak and rapid pulse

Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea

Dizziness or fainting

When to see a doctor

Seek emergency medical help if you, your child or someone else you're with has a severe allergic reaction. Don't wait to see if the symptoms go away.

If the person having the attack carries an epinephrine autoinjector, administer it right away. Even if symptoms improve after the injection, you still need to go to an emergency room to make sure symptoms don't recur, even without more exposure to your allergen. This second reaction is called biphasic anaphylaxis.

Make an appointment to see your doctor if you or your child has had a severe allergy attack or signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis in the past.

The diagnosis and long-term management of anaphylaxis are complicated, so you'll probably need to see a doctor who specializes in allergies and immunology.

Causes

Your immune system produces antibodies that defend against foreign substances. This is good when a foreign substance is harmful, such as certain bacteria or viruses. But some people's immune systems overreact to substances that don't normally cause an allergic reaction.

Allergy symptoms aren't usually life-threatening, but a severe allergic reaction can lead to anaphylaxis. Even if you or your child has had only a mild anaphylactic reaction in the past, there's a risk of more severe anaphylaxis after another exposure to the allergy-causing substance.

The most common anaphylaxis triggers in children are food allergies, such as to peanuts, and tree nuts, fish, shellfish and milk. Besides allergy to peanuts, nuts, fish and shellfish, anaphylaxis triggers in adults include:

Certain medications, including antibiotics, aspirin and other over-the-counter pain relievers, and the intravenous (IV) contrast used in some imaging tests

Stings from bees, yellow jackets, wasps, hornets and fire ants

Latex

Although not common, some people develop anaphylaxis from aerobic exercise, such as jogging, or even less intense physical activity, such as walking. Eating certain foods before exercise or exercising when the weather is hot, cold or humid also has been linked to anaphylaxis in some people. Talk with your doctor about precautions to take when exercising.

If you don't know what triggers your allergy attack, certain tests can help identify the allergen. In some cases, the cause of anaphylaxis is never identified (idiopathic anaphylaxis).

Risk factors

There aren't many known risk factors for anaphylaxis, but some things that might increase your risk include:

Previous anaphylaxis. If you've had anaphylaxis once, your risk of having this serious reaction increases. Future reactions might be more severe than the first reaction.

Allergies or asthma. People who have either condition are at increased risk of having anaphylaxis.

Certain other conditions. These include heart disease and an abnormal accumulation of a certain type of white blood cell (mastocytosis).

Complications

An anaphylactic reaction can be life-threatening - it can stop your breathing or your heartbeat.

Prevention

The best way to prevent anaphylaxis is to avoid substances that cause this severe reaction. Also:

Wear a medical alert necklace or bracelet to indicate you have an allergy to specific drugs or other substances.

Keep an emergency kit with prescribed medications available at all times. Your doctor can advise you on the contents. If you have an epinephrine autoinjector, check the expiration date and be sure to refill your prescription before it expires.

Be sure to alert all your doctors to medication reactions you've had.

If you're allergic to stinging insects, use caution around them. Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants; don't walk barefoot on grass; avoid bright colors; don't wear perfumes, colognes or scented lotions; and don't drink from open soda cans outdoors. Stay calm when near a stinging insect. Move away slowly and avoid slapping at the insect.

If you have food allergies, carefully read the labels of all the foods you buy and eat. Manufacturing processes can change, so it's important to periodically recheck the labels of foods you commonly eat.

When eating out, ask how each dish is prepared, and find out what ingredients it contains. Even small amounts of food you're allergic to can cause a serious reaction.

Be prepared

Even if you're careful, at some point you'll likely be exposed to what you're allergic to. Fortunately, you can respond quickly and effectively to an allergy emergency by knowing the signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction and having a plan to quickly treat those symptoms.

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to, such as peanuts or bee stings. Anaphylaxis causes your immune system to release a flood of chemicals that can cause you to go into shock - your blood pressure drops suddenly and your airways narrow, blocking breathing.

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Girl's death highlights allergy safety in schools

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Girl's death highlights allergy safety in schools

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-Evidence of Audience
-CNN
-The article is By Elizabeth Landau, it talks about how a girl died in her school after she was given a peanut on the playground by someone who didn't know she was allergic. They talk about how schools need to have education on food allergies and anaphylaxis because  it saves lives and that there has to be a supply of epinephrine in schools because the cost of epinephrine is less then the cost of a life. It also talks about how staff should be educated on the plan of action should someone go into anaphylactic shock or have a reaction to the food they are eating.
-I used it to make sure i had the right audience and show that education can save lives.

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girl's death highlights allergy safety in schools - cnn

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Girl's death highlights allergy safety in schools - CNN

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Most kids can freely snack at recess, but a growing number of American children have food allergies that can lead to serious reactions.

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-Academic Journal
-EBSCOhost
-It is an journal written by Julie Wang and Hugh A. Sampson about food allergies and the reaction. Then it talks about how Anaphylaxis is more complicated because there is not set symptoms because it affects almost all of the systems of the body. This makes it hard to diagnose and even though epinephrine is the  prefered treatment it isn't always used. But that in one of the studies Ninety percent did not have epinephrine available at the time of the reaction; therefore, at least some of these fatalities may have been avoided if proper treatment was administered in a timely manner. It also talks about people who need to know how to administer the life saving drug is very low and even some physicians don't know how to use them.
-I used it to get symptoms and also see why we needed to educate people on food allergies.

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Disclosing food allergy status in schools: health-related stigma among school children in Ontario

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Disclosing food allergy status in schools: health-related stigma among school children in Ontario

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-Academic Journal
-EBSCOhost
-It is a journal written by Jennifer Dean MA PhD1 , Nancy E. Fenton MEd PhD2, Sara Shannon Anaphylaxis Advocate3, Susan J. Elliott MA PhD1 and Ann Clarke MSc MD4 about how cross contamination of food in a high school killed a girl. This lead to legislation on the disclosure of food allergies to schools. But, this lead to some discrimination in schools because kids aren't aware of food allergies. It also says how parents worry about their kids in school because they don't have many rules about food allergies. It also shows how food allergies are on the rise and anaphylaxis is a growing endemic in the united states.
-I used it to figure out what kind of effects food allergies have on the kids that have them and why it is important to educate everyone on food allergies.

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-Credible Website
-F.A.R.E
-It is an interactive website that is written by health professionals where you can click on 9 different types of food allergens and learn about them. For example you could click on peanuts and it will take you to a page with boxes you can click on. The boxes talk about if you will ever outgrow the allergy or the likelihood of it. Another is a summary on what it is and how it affects you if you have the allergy. Also It shows what kinds of foods you should avoid and another shows ingredients in food that you should also avoid. These are the same style of pages for Soy, Milk, Egg, Peanut, Wheat, Tree Nut, Fish, Shellfish, and Sesame.
- I used it to find foods for my poster that would catch peoples eyes and get them to read it.

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Common Allergens - Peanut, Egg, and Sesame Allergies | FARE

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Learn more about the most common allergens: milk allergy, egg allergy, peanut allergy, soy allergy, wheat allergy, tree nut allergy, shellfish allergy, fish allergy, and sesame allergy.

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Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Resources and Education For School Personnel 

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Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Resources and Education For School Personnel 

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-Evidence of Audience
-FAACT
-It is a website written by and organization that focuses on food allergies and anaphylaxis. They talk about how we need to train teachers how to react in the event of an reaction. That all schools should carry epinephrine. It also talks about how teachers should be told who has allergies and what they are. Then is shows that schools need to know what the plan is should someone have an allergic reaction. It then has a fact that In cases of fatalities from food allergy in the school setting, fatalities were associated with significant delays in administering epinephrine.
- I used it to get info on anaphylaxis and got stuff for my slides to teach teacher about it.

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For School Personnel

With the increased number of students with food allergies now enrolled in schools - and 30 percent of food-allergic children allergic to multiple foods - increased education and resources for school personnel are essential.

True food allergies (as opposed to food intolerances) have the potential to become life-threatening. All school staff who interact with food-allergic students should understand the importance of food allergy management and the seriousness in food allergy reactions.

FAACT

Every food allergy reaction has the possibility of developing into a life-threatening and potentially fatal anaphylactic reaction.
FAACT's Informational Flyer

Education for School Staff

Educators are often the first to act in an emergency situation. Providing educators with the tools and information needed to care for food-allergic students will build the confidence needed to act quickly in an emergency.

Topics to cover in education for school staff include basic food allergy medical facts, how to ensure students avoid allergens, the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction, and how to enact emergency procedures. School policies and guidelines should include:

Daily management of food allergies, allergen avoidance measures, emergency response, how to address bullying of and discrimination against students with food allergies.

Strategic placement of medication, identifying the locations for school staff and ensuring the medication is easily accessible and unlocked.

Informing staff of all students who self-carry medications.

Training school personnel in the administration of medications in accordance with governing laws.

Working with the district's transportation department on:

Emergency procedures

"No food or beverage sharing" policies

Seat placement (while limiting potential for social isolation)

Reporting harassment, bullying, or threats made against food-allergic students

Each student's emergency care action plan and other important information

Bus Drivers and Transportation

Providing food allergy education for staff, students, parents, caretakers, and others who have contact with the student throughout the day.

Identifying a core team to work with parents and the student to establish a prevention plan, including bus drivers, school counselors, teachers, substitute teachers, food service personnel, school administrators, the school nurse, and any other necessary individuals.

Enforcing restrictions on permissible foods in the classroom and dedicated areas in the lunchroom.

Arranging for emergency drills to include school staff and first responders

Following applicable federal laws and identifying students with food allergies who qualify for Section 504 and other plans.

State and federal laws that may apply to students with food allergies (e.g., stock epinephrine laws, self-carry medication laws).

District policies and individual healthcare plans, 504 plans, etc., and procedures.

FAACT

Understanding how to enact emergency protocols in the event of an emergency ensures immediate action that could help save lives.

The School's Role

The school's role in managing students with food allergies can seem daunting, especially for districts and schools currently that do not have a food allergy policy or guidelines in place.

At a minimum, FAACT recommends that schools require an AAP's Allergy & Anaphylaxis Emergency Plan (signed by the student's medical provider) for every food-allergic student and two auto-injectable epinephrine devices that are readily accessible, unlocked (or self-carried), and in a location known by every staff member in the school.

Each student's emergency action care plan is like a guide on how to treat the student in the event of an emergency. It is signed by a doctor, giving the educator information on the student's condition and specific instructions to follow should the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction occur.

Partnering with parents and students will support efforts to improve the school setting for food-allergic students. Ask parents for guidance about the student - they are the experts on the child's needs.

School staff should also carefully review the contents of this Web site and utilize the free downloads and resources available in the FAACT Education Resource Center to assist in caring for food-allergic students.

FAACTs

In the school setting, when a school nurse or other licensed healthcare professional is not available to assist the student, the emergency action care plan should be as simple as possible.

AAP's Allergy & Anaphylaxis Emergency Plan

A call to 9-1-1 and a trip to the emergency room should always follow epinephrine administration.

Antihistamines alone should not be used to treat anaphylaxis. They can be administered after epinephrine. (See Treatment of Anaphylaxis for more details.)

The signs and symptoms of an asthma attack and those of anaphylaxis can appear the same.Asthma medication (such as an albuterol inhaler) will only treat respiratory symptoms, while epinephrine will treat both an asthma symptoms and other symptoms of anaphylaxis.

Stock Epinephrine in Schools

Many states have stock epinephrine laws in place that allow schools to keep a "stock" supply of epinephrine on schools grounds. Some laws allow for school staff trained in the administration of the medication to administer the medication to a student (and staff in some states) who appears to be in anaphylactic shock, whether the individual has a prescription or not.

In addition to protecting those who experience first-time anaphylaxis on school grounds, having the medication available also protects those who may require an additional dose of epinephrine or in case of a mechanical malfunction.

On November 13, 2013, President Obama signed into law the School Access to Emergency Epinephrine Act, which encourages states to adopt laws requiring schools to "stock" epinephrine auto-injectors. Financial incentives are provided for states mandating stock epinephrine in schools.

Learn more about stock epinephrine laws in your state by visiting the Government Relations section of FAACT's Web site.

FAACTs

25 percent of first-time anaphylactic reactions reported in the school setting were those of students with no known history of an allergy.

Studies report that 1 in 13 children in the United States have a food allergy. This averages to two children per classroom.

In cases of fatalities from food allergy in the school setting, fatalities were associated with significant delays in administering epinephrine.

30 percent of children with food allergies are allergic to multiple foods.

1 out of 5 children with food allergies will have an allergic reaction while in school.

Failure to properly recognize and a delay in treatment for anaphylaxis has led to fatalities in schools.

Side effects of using epinephrine are usually mild and temporary

In about one-third of anaphylactic reactions, a second round (or "phase") of allergic reactions can occur after the initial anaphylactic reaction. This is called "biphasic anaphylaxis" A second reaction may happen as early as an hour after the first reaction or as long as 72 hours later (the average is 10 hours later) and can be less severe, as severe, or even more severe than the initial reaction.

Every food allergy reaction has the possibility of developing into a life-threatening and potentially fatal reaction.

There is no cure for food allergies. Avoidance is the only way to prevent a food allergy reaction from occurring.

You cannot predict how severe a student's reaction will be based on previous reactions. Students who previously had only "mild" reactions can later have dangerous and even life-threatening reactions.

In approximately 20 percent of anaphylactic reactions, symptoms go away and will recur 1-3 hours later.

More than 170 foods are known to cause a reaction in some people. However, eight foods account for 90 percent of all allergic reactions to foods:

References:
6.↵ McIntyre CL, Sheetz AH, Carroll CR, Young MC. Administration of epinephrine for life-threatening allergic reactions in school settings. Pediatrics. 2005;116(5):1134-1140

5.↵ Sicherer SH, Furlong TJ, DeSimone J, Sampson HA. The US Peanut and Tree Nut Allergy Registry: characteristics of reactions in schools and day care. J Pediatr. 2001;138(4):560-565

10.↵ Sampson HA, Mendelson LM, Rosen JP. Fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic reactions to food in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(6):380-384

11.↵ Bock SA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. Fatalities due to anaphylactic reactions to foods. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107(1):191-193

12. 2.↵ Bock SA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. Further fatalities caused by anaphylactic reactions to food, 2001-2006. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(4):1016-1018

30.↵ Perry TT, Conover-Walker MK, Pomes A, Chapman MD, Wood RA. Distribution of peanut allergen in the environment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(5):973-976

2Management of food allergies in the school setting. Pediatrics. 2010; 126(6): 1232-1239. Sischer SH, Mahr T.

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Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis-Resources and Education for School Staff

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With the increased number of students with food allergies now enrolled in schools - and 30 percent of food-allergic children allergic to multiple foods - increased education and resources for school personnel are essential. True food allergies (as opposed to food intolerances) have the potential to become life-threatening.

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Food Allergy Voices: FARE’s Hope for the Future

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Food Allergy Voices: FARE’s Hope for the Future

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-Multimedia
-Youtube
-It is a video by the food allergy and research and education organization, that talks about the Awareness of Food allergies. The opening scene goes to a family whose daughter died due to an allergic reaction. Then it talks about how allergy awareness is a growing problem and we need to educate people on it. It also shows that we need health professionals in schools to keep kids with allergies safe.
- I used it to figure out how many people food allergies really affect.

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Food Allergy Voices: FARE’s Hope for the Future