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mostly east to west

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steamboat issue
could NY regulate INTERSTATE commerce??
answer: NOPE that was a federal govt power
reaffirmed govts control over interstate commerce

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Marshall Court was federalist, supported business

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Marshall Court was federalist, supported business

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fed govt > states
BUSINESS RULES OVER ALL
enhanced market revolution by helping companies

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weren't really popular until 1850+  , but they were around!
usually in the north
foreshadow: this will help them in the civil war

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Conestoga trail, 1820s

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connected lake erie to hudson river
ohio river valley farmers
STEAMBOATS
cut shipping times and costs --> efficient trade

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1825-1850 mostly
usually in the north, east to west (connect manufacturers to farmers)
south had few canals

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National Road aka Cumberland Road, 1811 - major east to west route!
Lancaster turnpike, PA, 1790

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roads
canals
steamboats
RRs

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"no need"
dependent on cotton and slavery

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near rivers - water power / steam
available immigrant workers - ccan i say cheap labor??!?

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Francis Cabot Lowell - Lowell-Waltham System

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Francis Cabot Lowell - Lowell-Waltham System

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Lowell = man who invented it
Waltham = the town
young, New England girls housed in dorms, run on bells
work in textiles factories to provide for farm families at home
replaced by Irish immigrants later

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text mill apprentice in England
brought ideas of factories to america

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morse code to communicate - dashes and dots
long distance through telegraph lines
connected country

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Cyrus McCormick - mechanical reaper, harvesting
John Deere - Steel Plow, breaking up soil

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North River Steamboat (Clermont)
upriver shipping
canals!

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make all parts the same to assemble later
pre-fabrication?
led to mass production
used on rifles/guns at first

Eli Whitney's Gun Factory

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Eli Whitney
easy to deseed all types of cotton
easier to grow cotton like greenseed no spreads as does slavery

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new inventions and innovations
SO MANY PATENTS TOO

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declining controlling power of britain and russia
Monroe Doctrine
JQA running for prez

President [Monroe] was averse to any course which should have the appearance of taking a position subordinate to that of Great Britain, and suggested the idea of sending a special Minister to protest against the interposition of the Holy Alliance… I remarked that the communication recently received from the Russian Minister… afforded a very suitable and convenient opportunity for us to take our stand against the Holy Alliance and the same time to decline the overture of Great Britain.

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issue of slavery
sectionalism
MO compromise

[T]his momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it, at once as the [death] knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper.

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sectionalism
more in the north
more in cities
more on coast

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Has the Congress power to incorporate a bank? ... In discussing this question, the council for the State of Maryland have deemed it of some importance, in the construction of the Constitution, to consider that instrument not as emanating from the people but as the act of sovereign and independent states. The powers of the general government, it has been said, are delegated by the states who alone are truly sovereign; and must be exercised in subordination to the states, who alone possess supreme dominion. It would be difficult to sustain this proposition.

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Let it not be forgotten, let it be forever kept in mind, that the extent of the republic exposes us to the greatest calamities- disunion. We are great, and rapidly, I was about to say fearfully- growing. This is our price and danger, our fear and strength… We are under the most imperious obligations to counteract every tendency to disunion… Whatever impedes the intercourse of the extremes with this, the center of the republic, weakens the union... Let us, then, bind the republic together with a perfect system of roads and canals. Let us conquer space.

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Sir, I am convinced that it would be… unjust, to aggravate the burdens of the people for the purpose of favoring the manufacturers; for this government created and gave power to Congress to regulate commerce and equalize duties on the whole of the United States, and not to lay a duty but with a steady eye to revenue. With my good will, sir, [no] one interest in the country [should be] sacrificed by the management of taxation to another… The agriculturalists bear the whole brunt of the war and taxation, and remain poor while the others run in the ring of pleasure, and fatten upon them.

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he's a failure like his ppapa

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JQA v. jackson v. clay v. crawford

comes down to JQA and jackson

***vote goes to House because no majority and clay supports JQA (for position of sec. of state in return)

JQA WINS

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increase in sectionalism

north v. south over slavery w/ new western territories

Jefferson's "like a fire bell in the night" quote about slavery issue ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM

Missouri comp (good or bad?) - HENRY CLAY

1. MO = slave

2. ME = free

3. above 36/30 line is free and below is slave

debates over tariffs (north likes protective ones, south doesnt like any)

debates over second charter of Bank of US

panic of 1819... over-speculation in west

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increase of nationalism

no more feds... only dem reps now

monroe prez again in 1820

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practically created by JQA

1. no new euro colonization

2. leave current colonies be

3. US would stay out of euro affairs

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JQA was successful as sec. of state under monroe

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JQA was successful as sec. of state under monroe

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rush bagot agreement 1817 - no military in great lakes

convention of 1818 - northern border above LA purchase, 49th parallel

Adams-Onis treaty 1819 - bought FL for $5mil from Spain, border btwn US and Me

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status quo ante bellum

everything back to how it was before... this was possible bc brit and french war over

LOSERS of war:

federalists - hartford convention 1814/15... opposed war of 1812 and wanted to secede again... this seen as unpatriotic DECREASE IN FEDS

natives - lost all land in Ohio River Valley because british lost, forced to cede land in SE (creeks in FL)

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US has small military and navy due to dem rep presidents

huge fail: US invasion of canada

Brit burn down DC (Fort McHenry... Star Spangled Banner) - IMAGE

Battle of New Orleans HAPPENED AFTER WAR OVER WITH TREATY BUT SLOW COMMUNICATION --> US WIN --> APPEARANCE OF ANDREW JACKSON

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didnt comply w/ anything before (especially macons bill #2)

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France complies w/ Macon's bill #2 but Brit doesnt

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France complies w/ Macon's bill #2 but Brit doesnt

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US win @ battle of tippecanoe (william henry harrison v. Shawnees)

US win @ battle of horseshoe bend (creeks)

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increase in War Hawks - wanted war w/ brits bc wanted expansions

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increase in War Hawks - wanted war w/ brits bc wanted expansions

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Henry clay

john c calhoun

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embargo act 1807 --> force act 1808 --> non-intercourse act 1809 --> macon's bill #2 1810

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embargo act 1807 --> force act 1808 --> non-intercourse act 1809 --> macon's bill #2 1810

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force act was to militarily enforce embargo

non-intercourse act was stop all trade w/ only birt and france (UNDER MADISON)

macon's bill #2 was only cut off trade btwn brit and france if they "misbehaved" (UNDER MADISON)

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JEFFERSON FIGHTS BACK LIKE A DUMBASS WITH THE EMBARGO ACT like really dude

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JEFFERSON FIGHTS BACK LIKE A DUMBASS WITH THE EMBARGO ACT like really dude

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stops all exports to any foreign country to stop brit impressment and hurt the brit economy

but this actually just really hurts US economy and neither feds nor dem reps like this

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us warship and brit warship BUT brits impress the soldiers which THEY CANT DO

prez jefferson still couldnt fight back tho bc tiny navy

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impressment continues and prez jefferson still doesnt expand navy (he actually shrinks it)

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impressment continues and prez jefferson still doesnt expand navy (he actually shrinks it)

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tried to find water route to pacific

friendly relations w/ natives

stronger claims to oregon territory

maps

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Burr Conspiracy 1804: TRIES TO SECEDE AGAIN BUT THIS TIME IN THE WEST

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Burr Conspiracy 1804: TRIES TO SECEDE AGAIN BUT THIS TIME IN THE WEST

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1st fail of plan is appealing to britain

2nd fail of plan is appealing to wilkinson bc he eventually turned Burr in @ FL... he flees to eruo tho so he safe for now

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farmer fletcher sued peck for having land taken away, brought to supreme court, Georgian legislature acts from yazoo land fraud deemed unconstitutional

a contract is a legally binding document, new legislature cannot void contract

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1795: Georgian state legislature sells western land to speculative companies, received kickbacks (legislature profited)

1804: scheme of yazoo land frauds discovered, new legislature to void land sales b/c done corruptly

farmers buy land from speculators, govt. wants to take the land back, unfair to farmers

Jefferson favored bill to give Georgia land to fix this issue... FAILED

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repub. party splits into moderate and radical (bc decline in opposition/feds.)

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repub. party splits into moderate and radical (bc decline in opposition/feds.)

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Randolph: take states rights super far

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1804: Hamilton and Burr shootout... HAMILTON DIES :o

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1804: Hamilton and Burr shootout... HAMILTON DIES :o

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NE federalists upset w/ jefferson and want to secede

aaron burr would be the prez of the seceded states (he was DR but he was a power hungry bitch)

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1803: Monroe and Livingston got to Napoleon to buy New Orleans for $10mil and come back w/ LA Purchase for $15mil

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1803: Monroe and Livingston got to Napoleon to buy New Orleans for $10mil and come back w/ LA Purchase for $15mil

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napoleon gave up land b/c slave revolt in haiti

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us denied paying their tax and fought mini war w/ them

US LOSS AGAINST BARBARY PIRATES BUT SUCCESS W/ TREATY AND LOWER TAX THINGY

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established judicial review

supreme court can deem acts of congress (writ of mandamus from judiciary at of 1789 [unconst]) as unconst.

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comission signed too late by Adams

Madison refused to give marbury his commission

marbury goes to supreme court (original jurisdiction)

uses writ of mandamus to "command" madison to do his job of delivering the commission

chief justice marshall says writ of mandamus unconst. therefore Madison won

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Adams signs in as many federalist judges as he can before he is no longer prez, one commission is signed too late and does not get delievered to MALBURY

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judiciary act of 1801: 16 new federal judges

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judiciary act of 1801: 16 new federal judges

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added by federalists...

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revolution of 1800 = fed to dem rep w/ adams to jefferson

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revolution of 1800 = fed to dem rep w/ adams to jefferson

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jefferson inagurual address:

we are all republicans; we are all federalists

opposition:

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1. french rev 1789

2. split of america btwn dem-reps who supported the french rev. and the feds who did not

3. Genet Affair (trying to rally support for french in america... got deported by Washington)

4. Proclamation of neutrality - in the war between brit and france

impressments tho

5. Jay's treaty 1795... pro british and pro federalist

6. dem-reps. against jay's treaty and wanted to follow the Franco-American treaty/alliance

7. Jay's treaty = fail... doesn't get brits out of forts and doesnt stop impressments

8. election of 1796 w/ fed. Adams winning

9. b/c of jay's treaty, french attack and impress American ships with results in undeclared naval war aka Quasi War

10. to solve issue of Quasi war 1798, America sends diplomats to france. French reps = x, y, z... French reps try to bribe america and we refuse and are appalled... XYZ AFFAIR

11. Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 in reaction to xyz affair and insults to adams

alien act: citizen = 14yrs,deported if not citizen

sedition: punished for speaking out against govt

12. in opposition to alien and sedition acts, Dem Reps Madison and Jefferson write Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 1798

theory of interposition and nullification

13. tension relieved w/ Treaty of Mortefontaine aka Convention of 1800 btwn france and america

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John Adams (fed.) vs. Thomas Jefferson (DR), election of 1796

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John Adams (fed.) vs. Thomas Jefferson (DR), election of 1796

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adams wins

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Treaty of Greenville 1795: forced all natives to give up land claims in ohio river valley

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Treaty of Greenville 1795: forced all natives to give up land claims in ohio river valley

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Anthony Wayne... mad anthony

american victory against indians --> treaty of Greenville

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pinckney treaty same year, gain right of deposit back from spain

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proclamation of neutrality 1793: Washington declares neutral after genet affair 

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proclamation of neutrality 1793: Washington declares neutral after genet affair 

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two party system feds. v. Dem-Reps, come about during washington's prez but he hated political parties 

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two party system feds. v. Dem-Reps, come about during washington's prez but he hated political parties 

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Whiskey tax 1790... whiskey rebellion 1794 (PA)

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Whiskey tax 1790... whiskey rebellion 1794 (PA)

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excise tax

only way to transport corn cheaply was to convert it into whiskey --> whiskey tax hurt poor farmers

washington brought militia, carried out law even if unpopular

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dinner table compromise w/ capital in south in order to pass hamilton's plan 1790

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dinner table compromise w/ capital in south in order to pass hamilton's plan 1790

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fail

supported by feds but shot down by madison and jefferson (dem reps)

recommended industiral advancement and mixed econ... to be more like europe

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supported by feds

hold tax money

give out loans and bank notes

control credit

huge bank

passed in 1791

success

I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground: That " all powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people." [XIIth amendment.] To take a single step beyond the boundaries thus specially drawn around the powers of Congress, is to take possession of a boundless field of power, no longer susceptible of any definition. - Jefferson on Bank

Accordingly it is affirmed that it has a relation, more or less direct, to the power of collecting taxes, to that of borrowing money, to that of regulating trade between the States - Hamilton

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fed govt assume all prev. colonies' debt and pay back at par (full price)

success!! paid off in 10yrs

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Hamilton = Report on Public Credit, 3 parts, success

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Hamilton = Report on Public Credit, 3 parts, success

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assumption plan (:

bank of us (:

report on manufactures ):

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tariff Act 1789 (protective), 5% on imports

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tariff Act 1789 (protective), 5% on imports

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spanish deny right to deposit in new orleans

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spanish deny right to deposit in new orleans

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something about only dealing with federally issues

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added to please antifeds

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supreme court

chief justice, 5 officials

3 fed circuit courts

13 fed district courts