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https://www.earthnetworks.com/flooding/

https://www.internetgeography.net/topics/how-does-flooding-affect-humans-and-the-environment/

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/sea-level-rise/#close

https://youtu.be/Q5KjpYK12_c

file:///Users/kekening/Downloads/Flooding%20Seminar%203%20Background%20Reading.pdf

file:///Users/kekening/Downloads/Aquarium%20of%20the%20Bay%20Slides%20070820.pdf

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Flood is an overflow of water that submerge land that is usually too dry.

San Francisco is likely to experience flood in the next few year because of the sea level rise due to climate change. Furthermore, warmer temperatures increase the chance of severe rainstorms, where rain comes in short, intense bursts, also leading to more flooding.

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Business, service and school will be force to shut down.

Citizens may have to move out of their properties until flood damage is repaired.

If the flooding is strong, people can get washed away or even lose life because of it.

Transport networks can be affected, such as flood damage to bridges, railways and roads.

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Wildlife habitats can be destroyed by floodwater.

Contaminated floodwater can pollute rivers/habitats

Rivers can be widened and deposition can increase downstream.

Plants that survive the initial flood may die due to being inundated with water.

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Sign of flooding - The signs of flooding includes: intense heavy rainfall, rise of water level, or climate change.

Elevation - The rainfall will run down into the ocean and the water will likely to form a flood on the place with low elevations and near the ocean. For the people that live in these places, they are the groups that will have the most damages.

Environmental justice - Often times the government doesn't have enough resources to support the people that needed it when experienced a natural disaster. With that in mind, we should always be prepare for what will happen.

The government only pays little or no money for environmental justice protections. Although they are giving help in some way, but that's not enough for the citizens.

Climate Activists plan protests and parades to raise awarenesses about the environment, and call for more support from the government to save the Earth. All of those works are just protecting our rights, and accessing to the natural resources and a clean, safe, and healthy environment that will ensure a better future for all of us. We should act right now for what is supposed to be ours.

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Most floods take hours or even days to develop, giving residents time to prepare or evacuate. Others generate quickly and with little warning. So-called flash floods can be extremely dangerous, instantly turning a babbling brook or even a dry wash into rushing rapids that sweep everything in their path downstream.

Climate change is increasing the risk of floods worldwide, particularly in coastal and low-lying areas, because of its role in extreme weather events and rising seas. The increase in temperatures that accompanies global warming can contribute to hurricanes that move more slowly and drop more rain, funneling moisture into atmospheric rivers like the ones that led to heavy rains and flooding in California in early 2019.

Meanwhile, melting glaciers and other factors are contributing to a rise in sea levels that has created long-term, chronic flooding risks for places ranging from Venice, Italy to the Marshall Islands. More than 670 U.S. communities will face repeated flooding by the end of this century, according to a 2017 analysis; it's happening in more than 90 coastal communities already.

Impacts of flooding

Floods cause more than $40 billion in damage worldwide annually, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In the U.S., losses average close to $8 billion a year. Death tolls have increased in recent decades to more than 100 people a year. In China's Yellow River Valley some of the world's worst floods have killed millions of people.

When floodwaters recede, affected areas are often blanketed in silt and mud. The water and landscape can be contaminated with hazardous materials such as sharp debris, pesticides, fuel, and untreated sewage. Potentially dangerous mold blooms can quickly overwhelm water-soaked structures.

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Learn about how floods happen and the damage they cause

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Get facts and information about floods and flooding from National Geographic

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Know your neighborhood to better prepare for it.

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Grey Infrastructure - Traditional ways of dealing with excess stormwater, such as sewer systems and treatment plants. These techniques can also include flood barriers such as seawalls and sand bags

Combined Sewer System (CSS) - San Francisco is the only coastal city that used combined sewer system to manage the flood, but it was built a long time ago and the sewers will have some issues when the water reach to its capacity. Green Infrastructure became part of the solution to help with the sewer.

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Green Infrastructure - Stormwater management techniques that incorporate nature into their design, such as green roofs, rain gardens and permeable pavement.

Benefits:

Visible Infrastructure

Improve the neighborhood

Ecosystem service

More job opportunities

Water supply & Innovation

SFPUC's City-wide Green Infrastructure Strategy:

Capital Project (Streets)

Early Implementation Projects

Regulation (Private Parcel)

Stormwater Management Ordinance

Grants (Public Parcels)

Green Infrastructure Grant Program

Program Framework

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Flood are linked up with climate change, so some of the action that's used for climate change, can also be used for flood prevention. There are always more you can do than what I listed below.

Steps:
- Educate others about flood
- Always be prepare (look at the flood map)
- Join internship or volunteer with SFPUC to manage the stormwater
- Try to slow down global warming

Reuse, Reduce, Recycle

Planting

Green Transportation

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There is always someone coming to help. The list below were just some suggestions for people that need help or more information with flood.

Who to contact:

San Francisco Water Power Sewer

Floodwater Management Grant Assistance Program

National Flood Insurance Program

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https://images.app.goo.gl/x3bpyjvWEdT9nSHbA

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The Aquarium of the Bay would like to help prepare San Francisco residents for flooding events.

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Build the best neighborhood, use social media to inspire and implement solution to the flooding issues.